《heat transfer seventh edition》PDF下载

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  • 出版年份:2222
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1 Introduction 1

1-1 Conduction Heat Transfer 2

1-2 Thermal Conductivity 6

1-3 Convection Heat Transfer 10

1-4 Radiation Heat Transfer 14

1-5 Dimensions and Units 15

1-6 Computer Solution of Heat Transfer Problems 21

1-7 Summary 22

2 Steady-State Conduction—One Dimension 27

2-1 Introduction 27

2-2 The Plane Wall 27

2-3 Insulation and R Values 29

2-4 Radial Systems—Cylinders 30

2-5 The Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficient 34

2-6 Critical Thickness of Insulation 36

2-7 Heat-Source Systems 37

2-8 Cylinder with Heat Sources 39

2-9 Conduction-Convection Systems 43

2-10 Fins 46

2-11 Thermal Contact Resistance 55

3 Steady-State Conduction—Multiple Dimensions 73

3-1 Introduction 73

3-2 Mathematical Analysis of Two-Dimensional Heat Conduction 74

3-3 Graphical Analysis 76

3-4 The Conduction Shape Factor 77

3-5 Numerical Method of Analysis 86

3-6 Numerical Formulation in Terms of Resistance Elements 99

3-7 Gauss-Seidel Iteration 101

3-8 Accuracy Considerations 103

3-9 Electrical Analogy for Two-Dimensional Conduction 119

3-10 Summary 120

4 Unsteady-State Conduction 139

4-1 Introduction 139

4-2 Lumped-Heat-Capacity System 141

4-3 Transient Heat Flow in a Semi-Infinite Solid 144

4-4 Convection Boundary Conditions 147

4-5 Multidimensional Systems 160

4-6 Transient Numerical Method 166

4-7 Thermal Resistance and Capacity Formulation 174

4-8 Graphical Analysis—The Schmidt Plot 194

4-9 Summary 197

5 Principles of Convection 217

5-1 Introduction 217

5-2 Viscous Flow 217

5-3 Inviscid Flow 221

5-4 Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate 225

5-5 Energy Equation of the Boundary Layer 232

5-6 The Thermal Boundary Layer 235

5-7 The Relation between Fluid Friction and Heat Transfer 245

5-8 Turbulent-Boundary-Layer Heat Transfer 247

5-9 Turbulent-Boundary-Layer Thickness 254

5-10 Heat Transfer in Laminar Tube Flow 256

5-11 Turbulent Flow in a Tube 260

5-12 Heat Transfer in High-Speed Flow 263

5-13 Summary 269

6 Empirical and Practical Relations for Forced-Convection Heat Transfer 281

6-1 Introduction 281

6-2 Empirical Relations for Pipe and Tube Flow 283

6-3 Flow across Cylinders and Spheres 298

6-4 Flow across Tube Banks 309

6-5 Liquid-Metal Heat Transfer 315

6-6 Summary Remarks 320

7 Natural-Convection Systems 333

7-1 Introduction 333

7-2 Free-Convection Heat Transfer on a Vertical Flat Plate 333

7-3 Empirical Relations for Free Convection 340

7-4 Free Convection from Vertical Planes and Cylinders 342

7-5 Free Convection from Horizontal Cylinders 349

7-6 Free Convection from Horizontal Plates 352

7-7 Free Convection from Inclined Surfaces 353

7-8 Nonnewtonian Fluids 355

7-9 Simplified Equations for Air 355

7-10 Free Convection from Spheres 356

7-11 Free Convection in Enclosed Spaces 357

7-12 Combined Free and Forced Convection 364

7-13 Summary 368

8 Radiation Heat Transfer 385

8-1 Introduction 385

8-2 Physical Mechanism 385

8-3 Radiation Properties 387

8-4 Radiation Shape Factor 396

8-5 Relations between Shape Factors 405

8-6 Heat Exchange between Nonblackbodies 412

8-7 Infinite Parallel Planes 419

8-8 Radiation Shields 421

8-9 Gas Radiation 425

8-10 Radiation Network for an Absorbing and Transmitting Medium 436

8-11 Radiation Exchange with Specular Surfaces 442

8-12 Radiation Exchange with Transmitting, Reflecting, and Absorbing Media 448

8-13 Formulation for Numerical Solution 454

8-14 Solar Radiation 471

8-15 Radiation Properties of the Environment 476

8-16 Effect of Radiation on Temperature Measurement 482

8-17 The Radiation Heat-Transfer Coefficient 483

8-18 Summary 483

9 Condensation and Boiling Heat Transfer 507

9-1 Introduction 507

9-2 Condensation Heat-Transfer Phenomena 507

9-3 The Condensation Number 513

9-4 Film Condensation inside Horizontal Tubes 514

9-5 Boiling Heat Transfer 516

9-6 Simplified Relations for Boiling Heat Transfer with Water 529

9-7 Summary and Design Information 530

10 Heat Exchangers 541

10-1 Introduction 541

10-2 The Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficient 542

10-3 Fouling Factors 547

10-4 Types of Heat Exchangers 548

10-5 The Log Mean Temperature Difference 552

10-6 Effectiveness-NTU Method 561

10-7 Compact Heat Exchangers 575

10-8 Analysis for Variable Properties 579

10-9 Heat-Exchanger Design Considerations 586

11 Mass Transfer 599

11-1 Introduction 599

11-2 Fick's Law of Diffusion 600

11-3 Diffusion in Gases 601

11-4 Diffusion in Liquids and Solids 606

11-5 The Mass-Transfer Coefficient 607

11-6 Evaporation Processes in the Atmosphere 611

12 Special Topics in Heat Transfer 619

12-1 Introduction 619

12-2 Heat Transfer in Magnetofluidynamic (MFD) Systems 619

12-3 Transpiration Cooling 625

12-4 Low-Density Heat Transfer 631

12-5 Ablation 640

12-6 The Heat Pipe 642

Appendixes 651

A Tables 651

B Exact Solutions of Laminar-Boundary-Layer Equations 671

C Analytical Relations for the Heisler Charts 677

D Heat-Transfer Software 683

D-1 Introduction 683

D-2 Setting Up the Programs 684

D-3 Documentation of the Twelve Programs 684

Problems Using Heat-Transfer Software 691

Index 705