CHAPTER Ⅰ CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES 21
Acute Cardiac Failure 21
Arrhythmias 25
Paroxysmal Auricular Tachycardia 25
Heart Block 28
Auricular Fibrillation 29
Auricular Flutter 29
Vontricular Tachycardia 29
Acute Circulatory Arrest 30
Severe Paroxysmal Dyspnea 31
Pericardial Effusion 31
Trauma 32
Arterial Embolism and Thrombosis 32
Cerebral Thrombosis in Congential Heart Disorders 34
CHAPTER Ⅱ METABOLIC EMERGENCIES 36
Surface Area and Parenteral Solutions 36
Dehydration 38
Dehydration With Little Loss of Electrolytes 39
Hypertonic Dehydration(Hyperelectrolytemia) 40
Hypotonic Dehydration(Hypoelectrolytemia) 40
Overhydration(Water Intoxication) 41
Acidosis and Alkalosis 42
Electrolyte Disturbances 43
Hypocalcemia(Tetany) 43
Hypercalcemia 45
Hypokalemia(Hypopotassemia) 45
Hyperkalemia(Hyperpotassemia) 46
Sodium 46
Hypernatremia 46
Hyponatremia 47
Chloride 48
Hyperchloremia 48
Hypochloremia 48
Vomiting 48
Diarrhea 50
Diabetic Acidosis and Coma 54
Dangers of Parenteral Therapy 60
CHAPTER Ⅲ GENITOURINARY EMERGENCIES 62
Cessation of Micturition(Including Uremia) 62
Urinary Retention 62
Anuria and Oliguria;Uremia 64
Hematuria 68
Total Hematuria 69
Injuries 70
Kidney 70
Bladder 72
Urethra 73
Penis 74
Scrotum 75
Testis 75
Mass in Abdomen 76
Unilateral 76
Wilms＇Tumor 76
Hydronephrosis 77
Neuroblastoma of Adrenal 78
Hepatomas and Retroperitoneal Tumors 78
Bilateral 78
Polycystic Disease of the Kidneys 78
Low Midline 79
Acute Inflammatory Conditions 79
Miscellaneous Conditions 79
Foreign Bodies in Urethra or Bladder 79
Encircling Objects About the Penis 79
Phimosis 79
Paraphimosis 80
Neonatal Scrotal Edema 80
Torsion of the Testis 80
CHAPTER Ⅳ NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES 81
Convulsions 81
Craniocerebral Injuries(Head Injury) 93
Coma 101
Head Injury 101
Meningitis 101
Acute Encephalitis 113
Uremia 114
Diabetes and Hypoglycemia 114
Acute Infectious Diseases(Such as Brain Abscesses and Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis 114
Poisons 114
Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Newborn 114
Subdural Hematoma 115
Extradural Hematoma 116
CHAPTER Ⅴ RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES 120
Group 120
Specific(Diphtheria) 120
Laryngotracheobronchitis 123
Asthma 127
Pneumonia 131
Foreign Bodies and Tumors 131
Angioneurotic Edema 132
Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane 132
Choanal Atresia 133
Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula 133
Acute Bronchiolitis(Pneumonitis)of Infancy 134
Massive Atelectasis 136
Mediastinal Emphysema 137
Pulmonary Edema 138
Pneumothorax 139
Resuscitation of the Newborn Infant 140
Smoke Inhalation 145
CHAPTER Ⅵ RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS IN POLIOMYELITIS 147
Paresis or Paralysis of Intercostals,Diaphragm,and/or Abdominals 147
Bulbar Poliomyelitis 150
Respiratory Paralysis in Poliomyelitis 150
CHAPTER Ⅶ CARE OF THE PREMATURE INFANT 158
Introduction 158
Care in the Nursery 162
CHAPTER Ⅷ MISCELLANEOUS EMERGENCIES 168
Bites 168
Snake Bites 168
Dog Bites 170
Human Bites 171
Insect Bites(Mosquitoes,Biting Flies,Fleas,Human Lice,Bedbugs,and Mites) 173
Ant Bites,Bee Stings(Apis Mellifica L),and Wasp Stings(Vespa Germanica) 174
Tick Bite 175
Black Widow Spider Bite(Lactrodectus Mactans) 176
Burns 177
Thermal Burn 177
Electric Shock 184
Eye Injuries 185
Traumatized Eye 185
Contusion 186
Foreign Bodies 186
Chemical Burns 186
Radiation Eye Injuries 187
Frostbite-or Tissue Necrosis Produced by Cold 187
Epistaxis 190
Toothache 192
Hiccough 193
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 194
Foreign Bodies in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Respiratory Tract 195
Acute Surgical Abdomen 196
Heat and Sun Cramps 196
Heat Exhaustion 197
Heatstroke and Sunstroke 198
Sunburn 199
Hemorrhage 200
Pediatric Anesthesia 203
Food in the Stomach 203
Secretions 203
Tracheotomy 204
Subglottic Edema 204
Respiratory Depression 205
Preoperative Medication and Preparations 205
Intraoperative and Postoperative Reactions Due to Blood Transfusion 208
Convulsions During Anesthesia 208
Circulatory Emergencies 209
Serum Reactions 209
Shock 210
Transfusion Reactions 214
Conditions Associated With Matching of Blood and Storage of Blood and Condition of Donor 214
Conditions Resulting From Transfusion Techniques Briefly Mentioned 217
CHAPTER Ⅸ PEDIATRIC PROCEDURES 221
Introduction 221
Antecubital Vein Puncture 223
External Jugular Vein Puncture 226
Femoral Vein Puncture 229
Internal Jugular Vein Puncture 229
Hand Vein Puncture 233
Scalp Vein Puncture 234
Cannulization Technique for Continuous Intravenous Medication 237
Hypodermoclysis 243
＂Push＂Clysis in Infants 243
Venoclysis 246
Constant Drip Venoclysis 246
Rapid Infusion or Pump Method 247
Gastric Lavage 250
Lumbar Puncture 251
Subdural Tap 252
Abdominal Paracentesis 257
Pericardial Paracentesis 258
Thoracentesis 259
Tracheotomy 262
Bone Marrow Puncture 265
Oxygen Therapy 270
Oxygen Tent 270
Open Top Oxygen Tent 272
Oropharyngeal Catheter 273
Aerosol Therapy 274
CHAPTER Ⅹ DROWNING 278
CHAPTER Ⅺ POISONING 290
Introduction 290
Immediate Management 291
Specific Management of Poisoning by Various Agents 297
Poisoning by Ingredients Found in Household Articles 297
Poisoning Due to Drugs 316
Food Poisoning 329
CHAPTER Ⅻ ACCIDENT AND POISON PREVENTION 331
APPENDIX APPENDIX 335