目录 1
Nouns 1
1．technique，technology 1
2．test，experiment，experimentation 5
3．speed，velocity，rate 8
4．difference，differentiation 11
5．problem，question，query 12
6．base，basis，foundation，fundamentals 15
7．number，amount，sum，quantity，total，figure，digit 18
8．error，mistake，fault，defect，flaw，drawback 22
9．material，matter，stuff，substance 25
10．cycle．circle 28
11．sound，voice，noise 31
12．area，field，region，sector，zone 34
13．process，procedure，step 38
14．assumption，presumption，supposition，hypothesis 41
15．result，effect，consequence，outcome 44
16．change，variation，variant，modification，conversion，transformation 48
17．information，data，message，material 52
18．universe，space，cosmos 55
19．molecule，particle，atom，speck，grain 58
20．air，gas，atmosphere，humidity，steam，moisture，fume，vapour 62
21．characteristic，feature，property，attribute，perform-ance 66
22．motion，movement，mobility 70
23．article，body，object，thing 73
24．pipe，tube，duct，rod 76
25．structure，construction，framework，building 78
26．fertilizer，manure，dung，compost 82
27．star，planet，meteor，meteorite，comet，constellation 84
28．world，earth，globe，sphere 88
29．formula，equation 91
30．rate，ratio，proportion 93
31．use，usage，utilization，usefulness 95
32．content，constitituent，composition，component，in gredient．element 98
33．weather，climate 102
34．kind，type，sort，variety，class，category 103
35．sequence，series，succession，order，course 107
36．shaft，axis，bearing，axle，spindle 111
37．piece，portion，part，assembly 114
38．limit，limitation，restriction 116
39．function，duty，task 118
40．method，means，way，approach 120
41．size，dimension，volume，magnitude 123
42．wheel，impeller，gear 125
43．product，production，produce 128
44．purpose，aim，object 130
45．machine，machinery，mechanism 132
46．apparatus，instrument，device，equipment，tool，im-plement，installation，appliance 134
47．state，condition，status 138
48．stage，phase，period，level，grade 140
49．liquid，fluid 143
50．plant，works，mill，shop，yard，complex，factory 144
51．degree，extent 149
52．agreement，accord，accordance，conformity，consist ency 151
53．design，plan，project，scheme，draft 154
54．ability，capacity，capability，power 157
55．pitch，tar，asphalt，bitumen 160
56．batch，lot，stock，group，shipment 163
57．repair，maintenance，upkeep，overhaul，fix 166
58．source，origin，derivation 168
59．place，space，site，spot，position，location 171
60．engine，motor，dynamo，generator 174
61．center，core，hub，heart，middle 177
62．power，strength，energy，force，vigor 180
63．section，segment 182
64．form，shape，figure，configuration，contour，outline，profile 184
65．mould，model，mode，module 188
66．sample，specimen，pattern 190
67．example，instance，case 192
68．smell，odour，perfume 194
69．computer，calculator 196
70．identity，similarity，coincidence 197
71．coordinate，ordinate，abscissa 199
72．tendency，trend，current 201
73．investigation，probe，inquest，inquisition，inquiry，en-quiry，study，research，exploration 203
74．idea，concept，conception，thought，notion 206
75．price，cost，expense，value，charge，expenditure 209
76．cause，reason，occasion，motive，antecedent，determi-nant 212
77．reasoning，deduction，inference 216
78．range，reach，scope，sphere 218
79．standard，criterion，gauge，yardstick，scale，meter 221
80．remains，residue，remainder 224
81．chart，graph，diagram 226
Verbs 228
1．use，employ，exploit，utilize 228
2．discover，invent 231
3．vibrate，oscillate，fluctuate 232
4．change，vary，alter，modify，convert，transform，turn 234
5．prove，show，demonstrate，verify 238
6．examine，test，experiment 240
7．rise，raise，lift，elevate 243
8．be composed of，consist of，（be）made up of，com-prise，include，contain 245
9．molten，melted，smelted 248
10．form，shape，frame，mould 250
11．fracture，crack，split，cleave 252
12．build，establish，set，up，found 255
13．lower，reduce，decrease，diminish，lessen 257
14．turn，rotate，revolve，circle，spin，whirl，twirl 260
15．assemble，install，mount，fix，fit 265
16．reflect，refract 267
17．regulate，adjust，adapt，modify 269
18．grow，increase，accelerate 271
19．enlarge，magnify，expand，inflate，amplify，intensify 272
20．extend，lengthen，draw out，elongate，prolong 276
21．colour，dye，paint，stain，tinge，tint 279
22．supply，equip，furnish，provide，accommodate 282
23．decay，decompose，rot 285
24．mix，blend，combine，compound，amalgamate，synthe-size 287
25．discriminate，discern，distinguish，differentiate 291
26．add，attach，append，supplement 293
27．gather，collect，accumulate，store 296
28．stop，end，finish，conclude，terminate 299
29．begin，start，commence 302
30．erode，corrode 304
31．pollute，contaminate 305
32．work，run，operate，perform，function 307
33．communicate，conduct，convey，transmit 311
34．eject，expel，discharge，exhaust 314
35．force，compel，drive，impel，push 316
36．produce，generate，bring about，give rise to 319
37．withdraw，extract，abstract，absorb 321
38．get，obtain，gain，attain，acquire 324
39．suppose，assume，presume，imagine 326
40．transmit，broadcast，beam 329
41．classify，categorise，group，catalogue 332
42．concentrate，focus，center（centre） 335
43．contain，include，enclose，hold 337
44．show，demonstrate，illustrate，describe，indicate 340
45．depend，rely，rest 343
46．dehydrate，vaporize，evaporate 345
47．happen，occur，take place，appear，come about 347
48．warm，heat 351
49．see，view，inspect，watch，observe 353
50．suggest，propose，recommend 355
51．spread，spray，emit，radiate，diverge 358
52．release，liberate 361
53．choose，select，pick out 362
54．divide，separate 364
55．oppose，resist，withstand 366
56．follow，trace，track 368
57．compare，contrast，balance against 370
58．join，connect，associate 372
59．burn，fire，ignite 375
60．affect，effect，influence 377
Adjectives 379
1．complex，complicated，sophisticated 379
2．accurate，exact，precise 382
3．special，specific，specialized，particular 384
4．efficient，effective，effectual，efficacious 387
5．continuous，continual，constant 390
6．same，similar，identical 392
7．different，dissimilar，various，variable，varied 395
8．reliable，dependable 399
9．basic，fundamental，primary，elementary 401
10．quick，fast，rapid 404
11．possible，probable，potential 407
12．electrical，electric 409
13．equal，equivalent 412
14．appreciable，considerable，material，substantial 414
15．infectious，contagious，communicable 417
16．concrete，definite 418
17．proper，suitable，appropriate 419
18．man-made，artificial，synthetic 421
19．beneficial，advantageous，profitable，favourable，helpful，useful 422
20．additional，extra，supplementary（supplemental） 425
21．false，faulty，incorrect，wrong 428
22．subsequent，succeeding，following，next 430
23．internal，interior，inner，intrinsic（extemal，ex-terior，extrinsic） 433
24．rational，reasonable，logical 436
25．main，principal，chief，primary，major，foremost 438
26．obvious，evident，apparent，plain，clear 441
27．last，final，terminal，ultimate，conclusive 443
28．vertical，perpendicular，plumb，normal，orthogonal，erect 446
29．movable，portable，transportable 449
30．steady，even，uniform，regular，homogeneous，con-sistent，coherent 451
31．relevant，relative，related，correlative 456
32．experimental，empirical 459
33．general，universal，generic 460
34．numerous，innumerable，multiple，manifold，various 462
35．common，normal，ordinary，usual，routine，typical，natural，average 466
36．practical，practicable 470
37．malleable，ductile，plastic 472
Adverbs and Phrases 475
1．completely，entirely，wholly，thoroughly，perfectly，absolutely，fully，totally 475
2．extremely，exceedingly，unusually，exceptionally 478
3．finally，lastly，at last，in the end，in conclusion，even-tually，ultimately 480
4．certainly，of course，indeed，naturally，obviously 484
5．thus，therefore，so，as a result，consequently，as a consequence，for this reason，on this account，hence，accordingly 487
6．frequently，repeatedly，continually，continuously，constantly，regularly 491
7．generally，in general，usually，ordinarily，commonly，normally，universally，as a rule 494
8．greatly，enormously，tremendously，considerably，largely 497
9．hardly，scarcely，barely，rarely，seldom 500
10．in fact，as a matter ofact，actually，really，in real-ity，in effect，practically，in practice 503
11．immediately，instantly，at once，offhand 507
12．to a degree，to some extent，to some degree 510
13．because of，due to，owing to，on account of，thanks to 511
14．in the same way，in a similar way，similarly，likewise 514
15．on the contrary，in contrast，by contrast，con-versely，rather，instead 517
16．but，however，nevertheless，nonetheless，still，yet，in fact 521
17．especially，specially，particularly，specifically 526
18．further，furthermore，moreover，in addition，alterna-tively，also，too，besides，on the other hand，at the same time 528
19．fairly，rather 531
20．possibly，probably，perhaps，likely 533
21．first，firstly，first of all，in the first place，at first 536
22．somewhat，in a way 539
索引 541
本书编写主要参考资料 553