Part 1:Development, Structure, and Function 1
1.Overview of the Gastrointestinal System 3
Anatomical overview 3
Functions of the gastrointestinal tract 4
Preface 5
Constituents of food 5
Overall development of the gastrointestinal tract 6
Acknowledgements 7
2.The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 7
Organization of the mouth and oropharynx 9
Dedication 10
Organization of the oesophagus 15
Functions of the mouth, oropharynx, and oesophagus 17
3.The Stomach 23
Organization of the stomach 23
Gastric functions 28
Organization of the liver and biliary tract 35
4.The Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas 35
Metabolic functions of the liver 42
Bile production and function 48
Organization of thepancreas 52
Exocrine pancreatic function 55
5.The Small and Large Intestine 61
Organization of the intestine 61
Cellular functions of the small intestine 69
Digestion and absorption in the small intestine 72
The flora of the gastrointestinal tract 78
Transport and secretion in the large intestine 79
Motility of the large intestine and defecation 82
Part II:Clinical Assessment 85
6.Taking a History 87
Common presenting complaints 88
7.Examination of the Patient 91
General inspection 91
Hands and limbs 92
Head and neck 94
Thorax 97
The abdomen 99
Rectal and genital examination 102
8.Further Investigations 105
Investigations of the gastrointestinal function 105
Routine investigations 107
Imaging of the gastrointestinal system 110
Part III:Basic Pathology 115
The mouth and oropharynx 117
9.Pathology of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 117
The oesophagus 119
The stomach 123
10.Pathology of the Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancras 127
General aspects of hepatic damage 127
Disorders of metabolism 130
Infectious and inflammatory disease 133
Alcohol, drugs, and toxins 136
Circulatory disorders 138
Hepatic disease in pregnancy 139
Disorders of the biliary tract 140
Disorders of the exocrine pancreas 142
11.Pathology of the Small and Large Intestine 147
Congenital abnormalities 147
Infections and enterocolitis 148
Inflammatory disorders of the bowel 151
Malabsorption syndromes 154
Obstruction of the bowel 157
Colonis diverticulosis 159
Vascular disorders 161
Neoplastic disease of the bowel 163
The peritoneum 165
Part IV:Self-Assessment 167
Multiple-choice Questions 169
Short-answer Question 176
Essay Questions 177
MCQ Answers 178
SAQ Answers 179
Index 183