一 地理学(geography) 1
地理学(geography) 1
地理学思想史(history of geographical thought) 3
地理学哲学(geographical philosophy) 4
理论地理学(theoretical geography) 5
元地理学(metageography) 6
统一地理学(unified geography) 6
地理学二元论(geographical dualism) 7
系统地理学(systems geography) 8
实验地理学(experimental geography) 9
应用地理学(applied geography) 10
建设地理学(reconstruction geography) 11
全息地理学(holographic geography) 11
地球表层学(epigeosphere science) 12
行星地理学(planetary geography) 13
人类地理学(anthropogeography) 13
人类生态学(human ecology) 14
计量地理学(quantitative geography) 15
数量地理学(quantitative geography),参见“计量地理学” 15
统计地理学(statistical geography) 15
数理地理学(mathematical geography) 15
地理学方法论(geographical methodology) 16
比较地理学(comparative geography) 18
时间地理学(time geography) 18
区域地理学(regional geography) 19
地志学(chorography) 20
景观学(landscape science) 21
生态地理学(ecogeography) 22
驯化地理学(geography of domestication) 23
部门地理学(sectorial geography) 23
自然地理学(physical geography) 88
气候学(ciimatology) 116
地貌学(geomorphology) 169
水文地理学(hydrogeography) 253
生物地理学(biogeography) 311
土壤地理学(pedogeography) 346
环境地理学(environmental geography) 368
化学地理学(chemical geography) 388
医学地理学(medical geography) 408
海洋地理学(marine geography) 421
灾害地理学(hazard geography) 24
古地理学(paleogeography) 443
人文地理学(human geography) 468
资源地理学(geography of resources) 505
经济地理学(economic geography) 469
人口地理学(population geography) 658
聚落地理学(settlement geography) 671
旅游地理学(geography of tourism) 702
政治地理学(political geography) 719
军事地理学(military geography) 722
社会地理学(social geography) 725
民族地理学(ethnic geography) 727
文化地理学(cultural geography) 729
历史地理学(historical geography) 735
行为地理学(behavioural geography) 25
感应地理学(perception geography) 26
地图学(cartography) 741
地名学(toponomanistics) 804
遥感(remote sensing) 806
地理信息系统(geographical information system) 844
地理学教育(geographical education) 26
地理环境决定论(environmental determinism) 27
二 理论地理学(theoretical geography) 29
地理因子(geographical factors) 29
地理单元(geographical unit) 29
地理空间(geographical space) 29
地理过程(geographical process) 29
地理结构(geographical structure) 30
地理模型(geographical model) 30
地理模拟(geographical simulation) 30
地理预测(geographical forecasting) 30
地理风险决策(risk decision-making in geography) 31
地理优化(geographical optimization) 31
地理集(geographical set) 31
地理质量(geographical quality) 31
地理因果律(Law of causation in geography) 31
地理熵(geographical entropy) 32
地理流(geographical flow) 32
地理势(geographical potential) 32
地理矩(geographical moment) 32
地理谱(geographical spectrum) 33
宏观地域结构(macroscepic structure of region) 33
微观地域结构(microseopic structure of region) 33
地理场(geographical field) 33
地理空间效应(spatial effect in geography) 34
地理有序性(geographical ordering) 34
地理环境应力(stress of geographical environment) 34
地理等级包容(ordering serie in geosystem) 34
区域生产潜力(productive potential of region) 35
地理耗散结构(geographical dissipative structure) 35
地理拓扑空间(topological space in geography) 35
地理网络(geographical network) 35
地理同异互补论(complementation of similarity and wariability in geography) 36
地理连续过渡说(continuity theory of geography) 36
地理趋稳性(trend to stability in geography) 36
地理节律性(geographical rhythm) 36
空间地理方程(spatial equation in geography) 36
地理时空耦合(temporal and spatial coupling in geography) 37
“竞分三故”论(three categories of resource competition) 37
地理“二难”论(geographical dilemma) 37
地理边缘效应(boundary effect in geography) 37
地理迟滞效应(retarding effect in geography) 38
地理中心效应(central effect in geography) 38
地理循环(geographical cycle) 38
地理空间对策(spatial strategy in geography) 38
对抗性原理(principle of antagonism) 38
地理界线(geographical boundary) 39
三 系统地理学(systems geography) 39
地理系统(geosystem) 39
地理功能(geographical function) 39
地理系统黑箱分析(black-box analysis of geosystem) 39
地理灰色系统(grey geosystem) 40
地理分室模型(compartment model of geosystem) 40
地理反馈(geographical feedback) 40
地理系统分类(classification of geosystem) 41
地理动态系统(dynamic geosystem) 41
地理系统识别(discernment of geosysten) 41
地理仿真(geographical simulation) 42
生命支持系统(life-support system) 42
区域承载力(load bearing capacity of region) 42
地理系统边界(boundary of geosystem) 42
地理阈值(geographical threshold) 43
局域平衡(local equilibrium) 43
地理系统稳定性(stability of geosystem) 43
地理系统敏感性(sensitivity of geosystem) 43
地理奇异吸引子(strange attractor of geosystem) 44
地理突变论(geographical catastrophe) 44
地理协同论(geographical synergetics) 44
地理系统检验(examination of geosystem) 44
地理参数(geographical parameter) 45
地理状态变量(state variable of geosystem) 45
地理系统的连锁反应(chain reaction of geosystem) 45
地理系统的冗余水平(redundant level of geosystem) 45
地理形状指标(shape index in geography) 46
四 实验地理学(experimental geography) 46
土壤—植物—大气连续系统(soil-plant-atmosphere continue system) 46
流域实验网络(catchment experiment net) 46
地理数据采集系统(geographical data-logging system) 46
地理定位实验研究(geographical experimental study with a fixed location) 47
地理定位站(geographical fixed position station) 48
地理实验原理(principle of geographical experiment) 48
五 应用地理学(applied geography) 49
区域开发(regional development) 49
地理评价(geographical appraisal) 50
区域管理(regional management) 50
区域优化(regional optimization) 51
区域决策(regional decision-making) 51
区域形状指数(regional shape index) 51
六 数量地理学(quantitative geography) 52
地理计量革命(quantitative revolution in geography) 52
地理计量方法(quantitation technique in geography) 52
地理多元统计分析(multivariate statistics in geography) 52
生命历程模型(life process model) 53
质量衰减模型(quality decay model) 53
距离衰减函数(distance decay function) 54
蒙特卡洛模拟(Monte-Carlo simulation) 54
随机步行规则(rules of random walks) 54
周期过程分析(periodic process analysis) 55
马尔可夫(链)过程(Markov process) 55
地理空间自相关(spatial autocorrelation in geography) 55
趋势面分析(trend-surface analysis) 56
主成分分析(principal components analysis) 56
决策树分析(decision tree analysis) 57
多目标分析(multi-objective analysis) 57
判别分析(discriminating analysis) 58
聚类分析(clustering analysis) 58
地理近邻分析(nearest-neigh bour analysis in geography) 58
地理网络优化(geographical network optimization) 58
地理引力模型(gravity models in geography) 59
投入—产出模型(input-output model) 60
成本—效益分析(cost-benefit analysis) 60
点状空间分布测度(measures of point patternspatial distribution) 61
七 地理发现与地理探险(great discoveries of geography and geographical explore)地理大发现(great discoveries of geography) 61
丝绸之路(Silk Road) 62
南极探险(Antarctic exploration) 62
北极探险(Arctic exploration) 63
张骞(Zhang Qian) 64
郑和(Zheng He) 64
《法显传》(Biography of Fa Xian) 64
《大唐西域记》(Da Tang Xi Yu Ji) 64
马可·波罗(Marco Polo) 65
伊本·巴图塔(Ibn-Batuta) 65
哥伦布(Christoforo Colombus) 65
亚美利哥(Vespucci Amerigo) 66
麦哲伦(Ferdinand Magellan) 66
库克(James Cook) 66
八地理著作与地理学家(geographers and geographical works) 67
裴秀(Pei Xiu) 67
贾耽(Jia Dan) 67
徐霞客(Xu Xiake) 67
刘献廷(Liu Xianting) 68
孙兰(Sun Lan) 68
杨守敬(Yang Shoujing) 69
张相文(Zhang Xiangwen) 69
竺可桢(Zhu Kezhen) 69
埃拉托色尼(Eratosthenes) 69
托勒密(Claudius Ptolemaeus) 70
伊德里西(Al-Idrisi) 70
希罗多德(Herodotus) 70
墨卡托(Gerhardus Mercator) 71
瓦伦纽斯(Bernhardus Varenius) 71
洪堡(Alexander von Humboldt) 72
李特尔(Carl Ritter) 73
道库恰也夫(Vasiliy Vasilyevich Dokuchayev) 73
柯本(Wladimir Peter K?ppen) 73
戴维斯(William Morris Davis) 74
阿·彭克(Albrecht Penck) 74
赫特纳(Alfred Hettner) 75
麦金德(Halford Mackinder) 75
白吕纳(Jean Brunhes) 76
马东南(Emmanual de Martonne) 76
贝尔格(Lev Simenovich Berg) 76
鲍曼(Isaiah Bowman) 77
索尔(Carl Sauer) 77
巴朗斯基(Nikolay Nikolaevich Baranskiy) 77
瓦·彭克(Walther Penck) 78
哈特向(Richard Hartshorne) 78
萨乌什金(Yulian Glebovich Saushkin) 79
格拉西莫夫(Innoketiy Petrovich Gerasimov) 79
乔莱(Richard John Chorley) 80
《山海经》(Shan Hai Jing) 80
《五藏山经》(Wu Zang Shan Jing) 80
《禹贡》(Yu Gong) 81
《管子·地员篇》(Agriculture,Chapter of Guan Zi) 81
《汉书·地理志》(Han Shu,Di Li Zhi) 81
《水经注》(Shui Jing Zhu,Notes to the book of rivers) 81
《元和郡县志》(Yuan He Jun Xian Zhi,Records of Jun and Xian during the Yuan He period) 82
《天下郡国利病书》(Tian Xia Jun Guo Li Bing Shu) 82
《读史方舆纪要》(Du Shi Fang Yu Ji Yao) 83
《海国图志》(Hai Guo Tu Zhi) 83
《华夷图》(Hua Yi Map) 83
《禹迹图》(Yu Ji Map) 84
《宇宙》(Cosmos:Skeich of a physical Description of the 84
Universe) 84
《比较地理学》(Comparative Geography) 84
《历史的地理枢纽》(The Geographical Pivot of History) 85
《地理学,它的历史、性质和方法》(Die Geographie,ihre Geschichte,ihr Wesen und ihre Methoden) 85
《地理学的性质》(Nature of Geography) 85
《地理学性质的透视》(Perspective on the Nature of Geography) 86
《地理学思想史》(All Possible Worlds,A History of Geographical Ideas) 86
《地理学的解释》(Explanation in Geography) 86
自然地理学(physical geography) 88
一 综合自然地理学(integrated physical geography) 88
自然地理学(physical geography) 88
综合自然地理学(integrated physical geography) 89
普通自然地理学(general physical geography) 89
地理壳(geographical crust) 89
景观壳(landscape crust) 90
表成地圈(epigeosphere) 90
智能圈(noosphere) 90
自然地理环境(physical geographic environment) 90
自然综合体(natural complex) 91
地域自然综合体(territorial natural complex),参见“自然综合体” 91
自然—技术地理系统(natural-technical geosystem) 91
自然地理结构(physical geographic structure) 91
自然地理动态(physical geographic dynamics) 91
自然地理过程(physical geographic process) 92
自然地理界线(physical geographic boundary) 92
自然地理尺度(scale in physical geography) 92
自然地域分异规律(rule of regional differentiation) 92
地理地带性周期律(the periodic law of geographical zonality) 93
地表物质迁移(matter migration on earth surface) 93
地表能量转换(energy transformation on earth surface) 94
热量水分平衡(heat and water balance) 94
地表物质循环(matter cycle on earth surface) 95
地生态学(geoecology) 96
生态系统(ecosystem) 96
生物地理群落(biogeocoenosis) 96
生物圈中的营养级(trophic levels in the biosphere) 97
生态平衡(ecological balance) 97
净第一性生产力(net primary productivity) 98
农业生产潜力(agricultural potential productivity) 99
生物生产力(biological productivity) 100
作物—气候生产潜力(crop-climatical potential productivity) 100
光合潜力(photosynthetic potential productivity) 101
光温潜力(photosynthesis-temperature potential productivity) 101
光能利用率(utilization ratio of sunlight energy) 102
自然灾害(natural hazard) 102
自然保护(nature conservation) 103
自然保护区(nature reserve) 103
荒漠化(desertification) 103
区域自然地理学(regional physicogeography) 104
地带性(zonality) 104
非地带性(azonality) 104
垂直地带性(altitudinal zonality) 105
三维地带性(three dimensional zonality) 105
山体效应(mountain mass effect) 105
自然区划(physicogeographical regionalization) 105
自然区划等级系统(hierarchic system of physicalgeographic regionalization) 106
自然地带(physicalgeographic zone) 106
荒漠(desert) 107
戈壁(gobi) 107
草原(steppe) 107
苔原(tundra) 107
沼泽(swamp) 108
高位沼泽(raised bog) 108
中位沼泽(transitional mire) 108
低位沼泽(fen) 109
泥炭沼泽(peat bog) 109
潜育沼泽(glei bog) 109
景观学(landscape science) 21
景观(landscape) 109
地方(mestnost) 109
限区(urochishche) 109
相(facies) 110
自然景观(natural landscape) 110
文化景观(cultural landscape) 730
景观形态(landscape morphology) 110
景观结构(landscape structure) 110
景观功能(landscape function) 110
景观诊断(landscape diagnosis) 110
景观动态(landscape dynamics),参见“自然地理动态” 111
景观生态学(landscape ecology) 111
景观生态规划(landscape ecological planning) 111
景观预测(landscape prognosis) 111
土地(land,terrain) 111
土地系统(land system) 112
土地生态系统(land ecosystem) 112
土地分级(land level) 112
土地分类(land classification) 112
土地类型(land type),参见“土地分类” 113
土地单元(land unit) 113
土地相(land phase) 113
土地链(land catena) 113
土地资源(land resource) 507
土地资源分类(land resource classification) 113
土地适宜性(land suitability) 114
土地限制性(land limitativity) 114
土地质量(land quality) 114
土地自然属性(natural attribute of land) 114
土地社会经济属性(social ecoromic attribute of land) 114
土地生产力(land productivity) 115
土地评价(land evaluation) 115
土地规划(land planning) 115
土地调查(land survey) 115
土地退化(land degradation) 116
土地改良(land amelioration) 116
土地潜在人口承载力(land potential capacity for carrying population) 116
二 气候学(climatology) 116
通论(generals) 116
气候学(climatology) 116
天气气候学(synoptic climatology) 117
物理动力气候学(physico-dynamical climatology) 117
生物气候学(bioclimatology) 117
应用气候学(applied climatology) 118
农业气候学(agricultural climatology,agroclimatology) 118
卫星气候学(satellite climatology) 118
区域气候学(regional climatology) 118
统计气候学(statistical clinmtology) 118
高空气候学(aeroclimatology) 119
综合气候学(complex climatology) 119
海洋气候学(marine climatology) 119
地形气候学(topoclimatology) 119
环境气候学(environmental climatology) 120
物候学(phenology) 120
年轮气候学(dendroclimatology) 121
气候(climate) 121
气候(climate) 121
天文气候(solar climate) 121
大气候(macroclimate) 122
中气候(mesoclimate) 122
山地气候(mountain climate) 122
城市气候(urban climate) 122
小气候(microclimate) 122
农田小气候(field microclimate) 123
人工小气候(artificial microclimate) 123
气候系统(climate system) 123
气候要素(climatic element) 123
气候预报(climatic forecast) 124
气候诊断(climatic diagnosis) 124
气候灾害(climatic hazard) 124
干热风(dry-hot wind) 124
冻害(freezing injury) 125
冷害(cool injury) 125
气候分类(climatic classifcation) 125
柯本气候分类(K?ppen's climatic classification) 125
气候区划(climatic regionalization) 126
湿润系数(moisture coefficient) 127
干燥度(aridity) 127
大陆度(continentality) 127
气候指标(climatic index) 128
气候带(climatic zone) 128
荒漠气候(desert climate) 128
冰雪气候(nival climate) 128
极地气候(polar climate) 129
地中海气候(Mediterranean climate) 129
热带雨林气候(tropical rainforest climate) 129
热带稀树草原气候(savanna climate) 129
草原气候(steppe climate) 129
森林气候(forest climate) 130
高原气候(plateau climate) 130
季风气候(monsoon climate) 130
季风指数(monsoon index) 130
季风爆发(monsoon burst,monsoon onset) 130
冬季风(winter monsoon) 130
夏季风(summer monsoon) 131
西南季风(southwest monsoon) 131
高原季风(plateau monsoon) 131
南亚高压(South Asia high) 131
气候型(climatic type) 131
大陆性气候(continental climate) 132
海洋性气候(maritime climate) 132
湿润气候(humid climate) 132
干旱气候(arid climate) 132
气候地带性(climatic zonality) 132
气候垂直地带性(vertical climatic zonality) 133
气候志(climatography) 133
天气气候(weather climate) 133
天气(weather) 133
自然天气季节(natural synoptic season) 133
大气环流(general atmospheric circulation) 134
季风(monsoon) 134
山谷风(mountain-valley breeze) 135
海陆风(sea-land breeze) 135
焚风(foehn) 135
局地环流(local circulation) 135
大气活动中心(atmospheric centres of action) 135
纬向环流(zonal circulation) 136
经向环流(meridional circulation) 136
东风波(easterly wave) 136
西风带(westerlies) 137
热带辐合带(intertropical convergence zone) 137
副热带高压(subtropical high) 137
阻塞高压(blocking high) 138
切断低压(cut-off low) 138
天气系统(weather system) 139
气团(air mass) 139
锋(front) 139
冷锋(cold front) 139
暖锋(warm front) 140
锢囚锋(occluded front) 140
准静止锋(quasi-stationary front) 140
行星风系(planetary wind system) 140
信风(trades) 140
梅雨(Meiyu,plum rain) 141
台风(typhoon) 141
寒潮(cold wave) 142
风暴(storm) 143
尘暴(dust storm) 143
雷暴(thunderstorm) 143
逆温(temperature inversion) 143
空气湿度(atmospheric humidity) 143
气旋(cyclone) 143
反气旋(anticyclone) 144
切变线(shear line) 144
飑线(squall line) 144
龙卷(tornado) 144
急流(jet stream) 145
冻雨(freezing rain) 145
毛毛雨(drizzle) 145
连阴雨(protracted rain,successive raining days) 145
霾(haze) 145
能见度(visibility) 146
雾凇(rime) 146
霰(graupel) 146
日照(sunshine) 146
雨影区(rain shadow region) 146
雨幡(rain virga) 147
蒲福风级(Beaufort wind scale) 147
气象卫星(meteorological satellite) 147
卫星云图(satellite cloud picture) 148
物理气候(physical climate) 148
太阳辐射(solar radiation) 148
太阳常数(solar constant) 148
天文辐射(extraterrestrial solar radiation) 148
总辐射(global radiation) 149
漫射辐射(diffuse radiation) 149
地面辐射(radiation of the earth's surface) 149
海面辐射(sea surface radiation) 149
地面有效辐射(effective radiation of the earth's surface) 150
反照率(albedo) 150
海面反照率(sea surface albedo) 150
辐射平衡(radiation balance) 150
辐射通量密度(radiant flux density) 151
黑体辐射(black body radiation) 151
辐射吸收率(radiant absorptivity) 151
比辐射率(relative emissivity) 151
地表面热量平衡(heat balance of the earth's surface) 151
气候模拟(climatic simulation) 151
温室效应(greenhouse effect) 152
层结稳定度(stratification stability) 152
大气湍流(atmospheric turbulence) 153
大气边界层(atmospheric boundary layer) 153
粗糙度(roughness length) 153
零面位移高度(zero-plane displacement level) 153
包文比(Bowen ratio) 154
紫外辐射(ultra-violet radiation) 154
红外辐射(infrared radiation) 154
可见光辐射(visible radiation) 154
大气效应(atmospheric effect) 154
大气窗(atmospheric window) 155
地—气相互作用(air-land interaction) 155
太阳活动(solar activity) 155
太阳黑子周期(sunspot cycle) 155
大气潮汐(atmospheric tides) 156
太阳黑子相对数(relative sunspot number) 156
大气辐射传输(radiation transfer in atmosphere) 156
大气透明度(atmospheric transparency) 156
大气浑浊度(atmospheric turbidity) 157
热岛效应(heat island effect) 157
生物气候(biological climate) 158
二十四节气(twenty-four solar terms) 158
七十二候(seventy-two Penthemerons) 159
生物气候定律(bioclimatic law) 159
自然历(natural calender) 159
物候谱(phenospectrum) 159
自然物候(natural seasonal phenomena) 160
积温(accumulated temperature) 160
无霜期(frost-free period) 160
气候资源(climatic resourccs) 507
气候生产潜力(climatic potential productivity) 160
历史气候(historical climate) 160
历史气候(historical climate) 160
古气候(paleoclimate) 161
异常气候(anomalous climate) 161
气候趋势(climatic trend) 161
气候决定论(climatic determinism) 162
气候温暖期(Altithermal) 162
小冰期(little ice age) 162
气候变迁(climatic change) 162
米兰柯维奇假说(Milankovitch hypothesis) 163
年轮交叉定年(crossdating at tree rings) 164
年轮指数(tree-ring index) 164
年轮密度测定(tree-ring densitometry) 164
敏感年轮序列(sensitive tree-ring series) 164
限制气候因子(limiting climatic factor) 165
海洋气候(maritime climate) 165
海—气相互作用(air-sea interaction,ASI) 165
南方涛动(southern oscillation,so) 166
厄尔尼诺(E1 Ni?o) 166
冷洋流(cold current) 166
暖洋流(warm current) 166
升降流(up-and downwelling) 166
风暴潮(storm surge) 167
海啸(tsunami) 167
瓦克环流(Walker circulation) 167
海洋环流(oceanic general circulation) 167
海洋锋(ocean front) 168
温跃层(thermocline) 168
海流(ocean current) 169
马纬度(horse latitudes) 169
三 地貌学(geomorphology) 169
通论(generals) 169
地貌学(geomorphology) 169
构造地貌学(tectonic geomorphology) 170
气候地貌学(climatic geomorphology) 170
动力地貌学(dynamic geomorphology) 171
区域地貌学(regional geomorphology),参见“地貌学” 171
数量地貌学(quantitative geomorphology) 171
实验地貌学(experimental geomorphology) 172
地貌年代学(geomorphochronology),参见“地貌学” 172
地文学(physiography) 172
历史地貌学(historical geomorphology) 173
应用地貌学(applied geomorphology),参见“地貌学” 173
环境地貌(environmental landform) 173
人为地貌(anthropogenic landform) 174
地貌形成作用(landform formation) 174
风化作用(weathering) 174
剥蚀作用(denudation) 175
侵蚀作用(erosion) 175
搬运作用(transportation) 175
沉积作用(sedimentation) 176
陆相沉积(continental sedimentation,continental facies sedimentation) 176
海相沉积(marine deposit,marine facies sedimentation) 177
相关沉积(correlating sediments),参见“沉积作用” 177
均夷作用(planation) 177
地貌过程(geomorphological processes) 177
地貌演化(geomorphic evolution) 178
地文期(physiographic period),参见“地貌演化” 178
侵蚀循环学说(theory of the cycle of erosion) 178
山麓剥夷面说(theory of large-scale pediplanation) 179
山前梯地说(theory of piedmonttreppen) 179
地貌水准面学说(theory of geomorphological level surface) 180
地貌均变论(geomorphic uniformitariamism) 180
地貌突变论(geomorphic catastrophism) 180
地貌临界说(theory of geomorphic thresholds) 181
地貌系统(geomorphic system) 181
地貌均衡(geomorphic equilibrium) 182
复杂响应(complex response) 182
地貌最小功原理(theory of minimum energy dissipation in geomorphology) 182
地貌熵(entropy in geomorphology) 183
地貌反馈机制(geomorphic feedback mechanism) 184
地貌空代时假定(ergodic assumption in geomorphology) 184
地貌物理模型试验(physical modelling in geomorphology) 184
地貌数学模拟(mathematical simulation in geomorphology) 185
地貌预测(geomorphic prediction) 185
地貌分类体系(system of geomorphic classification) 185
地貌类型隶属函数(membership function of geomorphic types) 186
山地(mountain),参见“地貌类型隶属函数” 187
山麓剥蚀面(pediment) 187
准平原(peneplain) 187
夷平面(planation surface) 187
流水地貌(fluvial landform) 187
流水地貌学(running water geomorphology,fluvial geomorphology) 187
水系(river system) 268
水系结构定律(laws of drainage composition) 188
河流系统(fluvial system) 189
河流作用(river action) 189
泥沙输移比(sediment delivery ratio) 189
侵蚀基准面(erosion base level) 190
溯源侵蚀(headward-erosion) 190
无显露侵蚀带(belt of no erosion) 190
河流均衡剖面(equilibrium profile of river) 191
河流袭夺(stream capture,stream pirate) 191
裂点(knick point),参见“溯源侵蚀” 191
风口(wind gap),参见“河流袭夺” 191
河流阶地(river terrace) 191
河漫滩(flood plain) 192
河流沉积(fluvial deposits) 192
二元结构(dual-texture),参见“河流沉积” 192
古河道(paleochannels) 192
河型(river pattern) 193
顺直型河道(straight river channel) 193
分叉型河道(braided river channel) 193
分叉指数(率)(braided ratio),参见“分叉型河道” 194
游荡型河道(wandering braided river channel) 194
婉蜒型河道(meandering river channel) 194
迂回扇(scroll pattern) 194
深切曲流(incised meander) 195
深槽(pool) 195
浅滩(riffle),参见“深槽” 195
河流运动波(kinematic wave of stream) 196
河相关系(fiver hydraulic geometry) 196
冲积平原(alluvial plain) 196
冲积扇(alluvial fan) 196
三角洲(delta) 197
干三角洲(dry delta) 197
湖泊地貌(lacustrine landform) 198
湖泊地貌(lacustrine landform) 198
构造湖(tectonic lake) 198
火口湖(crater lake) 198
堰塞湖(imprisoned lake) 198
海迹湖(relic sea lake) 199
牛轭湖(oxbow lake) 199
冰蚀湖(glacial erosion lake) 199
风蚀湖(wind erosion lake) 199
喀斯特湖(karst lake) 199
湖蚀崖(lacustrine cliff) 199
湖成平原(lacustrine plain) 200
湖成阶地(lacustrine terrace) 200
古湖岸线(paleo-lake strandline) 200
湖相沉积(lacustrine deposit) 200
冰川地貌与冰缘地貌(glacial landform and periglacial landform) 201
冰川学(glaciology) 201
冰川地貌(glacial landform) 201
冰川作用(glaciation) 202
雪蚀作用(nivation) 203
雪线(snow line) 203
冰斗(cirque) 203
冰川槽谷(glaciated trough valley) 204
羊背石(roche moutonnee) 204
冰碛(till) 204
冰水沉积(glacial-fluvial deposits) 205
冰漂砾(glacier boulder),参见“冰碛” 205
鼓丘(drumlin),参见“冰川地貌” 205
蛇形丘(esker),参见“冰水沉积” 205
冰水平原(glacio-fluvial plain),参见“冰水沉积” 205
冰水扇(outwash fan),参见“冰水沉积” 205
冰砾阜(kame),参见“冰水沉积” 205
冰砾泥(boulder clay) 205
冰缘地貌(periglacial landform) 206
冻土学(geocryology,cryopedology) 206
多年冻土(permafrost) 207
多边形土(patterned ground) 207
融冻泥流(solifluction) 208
高夷平阶地(high danudational terrace) 208
冰楔(ice wedge) 208
冰缘岩柱(tor) 208
岩屑坡(block slope) 209
纹泥(laminated clay),参见“冰水沉积” 209
喀斯特(岩溶)地貌(karst landform) 209
喀斯特地貌(karst landform) 209
喀斯特作用(karst process) 210
喀斯特化(karstification),参见“喀斯特作用” 210
喀斯特基准面(karst base level) 210
喀斯特地带性(karst zonalization) 211
生物喀斯特(biologic karst) 211
溶沟—石芽(karren,lapie) 211
石林(stonc forest) 212
峰林(peak forest,fenglin) 212
溶斗(doline) 212
落水洞(sink hole,ponor),参见“喀斯特洼地”、“盲谷”、“波立谷” 213
盲谷(blind valley) 213
喀斯特洼地(karst depression) 213
星状喀斯特(cockpit karst) 213
多边形喀斯特(polygonal karst),参见“星状喀斯特” 213
锥状喀斯特(kegel karst,cone karst),参见“峰林” 213
塔状喀斯特(turm karst,tower karst),参见“峰林” 213
喀斯特残丘(hum),参见“喀斯特地貌” 213
喀斯特孤峰(mogote),参见“喀斯特地貌” 214
喀斯特竖井(shaft),参见“喀斯特地貌” 214
干谷(dry valley),参见“喀斯特地貌” 214
溶蚀盆(uvala),参见“喀斯特洼地” 214
溶蚀谷(polje),参见“波立谷” 214
波立谷(poije) 214
喀斯特平原(karst plain) 214
洞穴学(speleology) 214
洞穴(cave) 215
地下河(underground river),参见“洞穴” 215
流痕(scallops) 215
洞穴沉积(cave sediment) 216
钟乳石(stalactite),参见“洞穴沉积” 216
石笋(stalagmite),参见“洞穴沉积” 216
流石(flowstone),参见“洞穴沉积” 216
卷曲石(helictite),参见“洞穴沉积” 216
黄土地貌与坡地(loess landform and slope) 216
黄土地貌(loess landform) 216
黄土塬(loess yuan,loess tableland) 217
黄土梁(loess liang,loess ridge) 217
黄土峁(loess mao,loess hill) 217
坡地类型(slope type) 218
坡面过程(slope process) 218
侵蚀力(erosivity) 218
抗蚀力(anti-erodibility) 219
溅蚀(rain splash) 219
片蚀(sheet erosion) 219
沟蚀(gully erosion) 219
潜蚀(subsurface erosion) 220
风蚀(wind erosion) 220
重力侵蚀(gravitational erosion),参见“块体运动” 220
蠕移(creep),参见“块体运动” 221
土滑(earthflow),参见“块体运动” 221
自然侵蚀(natural erosion) 221
允许侵蚀量(acceptable erosion) 221
加速侵蚀(accelerated erosion) 221
侵蚀模数(erosive modulus) 221
侵蚀面(erosion surface) 222
沟谷系统(gully system) 222
沟谷密度(density of gully) 222
坡形(slope form) 222
坡度等级(slope grade) 222
重力地貌与泥石流(gravitational landform and debris flow) 223
重力地貌(gravitational landform) 223
重力坡(gravitational slope),参见“坡地类型” 223
块体运动(mass movement) 223
倒石堆(talus) 224
滑坡(landslide) 224
伐尔纳斯滑坡分类(Varnes classification of landslide) 225
泥石流(debris flow) 225
泥石流体界限值(limit value of debris flow) 226
泥石流静力学(statics of debris flow) 226
泥石流体流态(flow pattern of debris flow) 226
泥石流运动力学(kinematic and dynamic of debris flow) 227
泥石流堵塞系数(obstructive coefficient of debris flow) 227
粘性泥石流(viscous debris flow),参见“泥石流体界限值” 227
稀性泥石流(micro-viscous debris flow),参见“泥石流体界限值” 227
水石流(water-rock flow),参见“泥石流体界限值” 227
风成地貌(eolian landform) 227
风积地貌(wind-accumulated landform) 227
纵向沙垅(丘)(longitudinal dune) 228
横向沙丘(transverse dune) 228
新月形沙丘(crescent dune,barkhan),参见“横向沙丘” 229
抛物形沙丘(parabolic dune),参见“横向沙丘” 229
树枝状沙垅(dendritic dune),参见“纵向沙垅” 229
复合型沙丘(compound dunes) 229
星状沙丘(star dune) 229
流动沙丘(shifting dune) 229
固定沙丘(fixed dune) 230
海岸沙丘(coastal dune) 230
海滩脊(beach ridge),参见“海岸沙丘” 230
风积结构(wind-accumulated texture) 230
风蚀地貌(wind-eroded landform) 231
风蚀残丘(wind-eroded yardang landform) 231
风蚀洼地(wind-eroded depression,deflation hollow) 232
雅丹(yardangs) 232
风沙流(wind-drift sand flow) 232
漠漆(desert varnish) 232
构造地貌与岩石地貌(structural landform and rock landform) 233
构造地貌(tectonic landform,structural landform) 233
造山运动(orogeny) 233
造陆运动(epeirogenetic movement) 234
新构造运动(neotectonic movement) 234
岛弧(island arc) 234
边缘海(marginal sea) 235
断层崖(fault scarp) 235
断层线崖(fault-line scarp),参见“断层崖” 235
断层三角面(fault triangle plane),参见“断层崖” 235
裂谷(rift valley) 235
地堑盆地(graben basin) 236
地垒(horst),参见“地堑盆地”“断块山” 236
向斜盆地(syncline basin) 236
断块山(block mountain) 236
褶皱山(folded mountain) 236
构造适应(structural identify) 237
地形倒置(inversion of relief) 237
水系构造应力场分析(analysis of the drainage pattern for tectonic stress field) 237
火山(volcano) 237
火山带(volcanic zone) 238
泥火山(mud volcano) 238
熔岩台地(lava tableland) 238
花岗岩地貌(granite landform) 239
丹霞地貌(Danxia landform) 239
土林(earth forest) 239
河口与海岸地貌(debouch landform and coastal landform) 240
海岸地貌学(coastal geomorphology) 240
河口(debouch,river mouth) 240
河口拦门沙(estuary bar) 241
河口沙嘴(estuary spit) 241
海岸地貌(coastal landform) 242
海岸均衡剖面(graded profile of coast) 242
海滩(coastal beach) 243
海滩岩(beach rock),参见“海滩” 243
口外海滨(offmouth marine),参见“河口” 243
水下沙堤(subaquatic sandridge) 243
海岸沙嘴(coast spit) 243
陆连岛(tombolo island) 244
湾顶滩(bay head beach) 244
岬角(cape) 245
海蚀崖(sea cliff) 245
海蚀穴(sea notch) 245
海蚀柱(sea stack) 245
海蚀平台(abrasion platform) 246
海成阶地(marine-built terrace) 246
贝壳堤(shell ridge) 246
海岸分类(coastal classification) 246
河口湾(estuary) 247
珊瑚礁岸(coral reef coast),参见“海岸分类” 247
珊瑚岸礁(coral bank reef),参见“珊瑚礁” 247
红树林岸(tidal forest coast),参见“海岸分类” 248
港湾海岸(ecronic coast),参见“海岸分类” 248
原生海岸(primary coast),参见“海岸分类” 248
火山海岸(volcanic coast),参见“海岸分类” 248
海底地貌(submarine topography) 248
海底地貌(submarine topography) 248
大陆架(continental shelf) 248
大陆坡(continental slope) 249
大陆隆(coutinental rise) 249
洋盆(oceanic basin) 249
海岭(oceanic ridge),参见“海底地貌” 250
平顶海山(guyot),参见“海底地貌” 250
海底峡谷(submarine canyon),参见“海底地貌” 250
海沟(trench),参见“海底地貌” 250
海槽(trough),参见“海底地貌” 250
深海平原(abyssal plain) 250
水下古河道(subaqueous palaeochannel) 250
水下阶地(submarine terrace) 250
水下三角洲(subaqueous delta) 251
潮流三角洲(tidal delta) 251
浊流作用(turbidity current) 251
冲磨水下岸坡(abraded offshore slope) 252
冲刷槽(scour channel) 252
深海扇(submarine fan) 252
海釜(caldron) 252
岩礁(rock reef) 253
珊瑚礁(coral reef) 253
四 水文地理学(hydrogeography) 253
通论(generals) 253
水文地理学(hydrogeography) 253
陆地水文学(continental hydrology) 254
比较水文学(comparative hydrology) 254
河流水文学(potamology) 254
湖泊水文学(lake hydrology) 255
湖泊学(limnology),参见“湖泊水文学” 255
森林水文学(forest hydrology) 255
都市水文学(urban hydrology) 256
农业水文学(agricultural hydrology) 256
全球水文(global hydrology) 257
区域水文(regional hydrology) 257
干旱区水文(hydrology in arid region) 257
山地水文(mountain hydrology) 257
平原水文(hydrology of flat area) 258
沼泽水文(hydrology of mires) 258
河口水文(hydrology of estuary) 258
喀斯特水文(karst hydrology) 259
冰川水文(glacier hydrology) 259
环境水文(environmental hydrology) 260
随机水文(stochastic hydrology) 260
水文制图(hydrologic mapping) 260
水文区划(hydrological regionalization) 261
卫星水文学(satellite hydrology) 261
水文年鉴(water yearbook) 262
水文系列(hydrologic series) 262
泰森多边形法(Thiessen polygonal method) 262
水量平衡与水资源(water balance and water resource) 263
水循环(water cycle) 263
水圈(hydrosphere) 263
水量平衡(water balance) 264
六要素水量平衡(water balance of six elements) 264
水资源(water resources) 509
水资源供需平衡(balance between water supply and demand) 264
农业水资源(agricultural water resources) 265
灌溉水有效利用系数(effective coefficient of irrigation water utilization) 265
水土平衡(water and land balance) 265
水土保持(water and soil conservation) 266
工业用水(industrial water use) 266
工业用水重复率(industrial water reuse rate) 266
万元产值用水量(water consumption amount per unit output value of ten thousand yuan) 266
水资源规划(water resources planning) 266
水资源管理(water resources management) 267
地表水(surface water) 267
河流(river) 267
流域(drainage basin) 267
河流类型(river type) 268
水系(river system) 268
河网(drainage networks) 268
外流河(exterior river) 269
内流河(interior river) 269
河川径流(stream runoff) 269
流量(discharge) 269
水位(water stage) 269
径流深度(runoff depth) 270
径流模数(runoff modulus) 270
径流系数(runoff coefficient) 270
径流形成过程(process of runoff formation) 270
河流补给(river feeding) 271
径流过程线(runoff hydrograph) 271
基流(base flow) 271
正常径流(normal flow) 272
年径流变差系数(variation coefficient of annual runoff) 272
径流集中度(index of concentration degree of runoff) 272
径流变化时间序列分析(analysis of time serie? of runoff variation) 272
暴雨径流(storm runoff) 273
枯水(runoff of low water) 273
河冰(river ice) 273
凌汛(ice-jam flood) 274
河流泥沙(river sediments) 274
河流含沙量(river sediment concentration) 274
河流输沙量(river sediment discharge) 274
输沙模数(sediment transport modulus) 275
河流水化学(hydrochemistry of river) 275
离子径流(chemical flow) 275
湖泊(lake) 276
湖泊资源(lake resources) 276
内陆湖(endorheic lake) 276
外流湖(exorheic lake) 277
成水湖(salt-water lake) 277
盐湖(salt lake) 277
湖泊水量平衡(lake water balance) 277
湖流(lake current) 278
水库(reservoir) 278
沼泽水(swamp water) 278
冰川积累(glacier accumulation) 278
冰川消融(glacier ablation) 279
地下水与土壤水(underground water and soil water) 279
地下水(ground water) 279
泉(spring) 279
地下热水(thermal ground water) 280
地下水年龄(ground water age) 280
地下水均衡(ground water balance) 281
地下水补给(ground water replenishment) 281
地下水排泄(ground water discharge) 281
达西定律(Darcy's law) 281
承压水(confined ground water) 282
上层滞水(temporary water-bearing) 282
自流盆地(artesian basin) 282
地下水降落漏斗(depression cone of ground water) 282
裂隙水(fissured water) 283
孔隙水(pore water) 283
灌溉回归水(irrigation return water) 283
给水度(specific yield) 284
渗透系数(permeability coefficient) 284
喀斯特地下水(karst ground water) 284
非饱和带(unsaturated zone) 285
地下咸水(saline ground water) 285
土壤水(soil water) 356
土壤水分常数(soil water constants) 285
田间持水量(field moisture capacity) 285
土壤饱和含水量(saturated soil water content) 285
凋萎系数(wilting coefficient) 286
土壤含水量(soil water content) 286
土壤容重(soil bulk density) 287
土壤有效含水量(effective water content of soil) 287
土壤水力传导度(hydraulic conductivity of soil) 287
土壤水分扩散率(soil-water diffusivity) 288
土壤水分通量(soil water flux) 288
土壤给水度(specific yield of soil water) 288
土壤水分特征曲线(soil moisture characteristic curve) 288
土水势(total soil-water potential) 289
零通量面(zero flux plane) 289
土壤层水分平衡(soil water balance) 290
水量转换(interaction between waters) 290
壤中流(interflow) 290
地下水库(ground water reservoir) 291
活塞流(piston flow) 291
水文过程(hydrological process) 291
降水(precipitation) 291
截留(interception) 291
填洼(depression detention) 292
蒸发(evaporation) 292
蒸发力(potential evaporation) 293
总蒸发(evapotranspiration) 293
棵间蒸发(soil evaporation between plants) 294
土壤蒸发(evaporation from soil) 294
蒸腾(transpiration) 294
措水蒸发(evaporation from ground water) 295
水面蒸发(evaporation from water surface) 295
蒸发面(evaporation surface) 295
流域蒸发(basin evaporation) 295
人渗(infiltration) 296
初渗(initial infiltration) 296
稳渗(stable infiltration) 296
超渗产流(runoff resulted from excess rain) 297
蓄满产流(runoff generation under saturated condition) 297
流域汇流(watershed flow concentration) 297
等流时线(equivalent flow durationcontour) 297
单位过程线(unit hydrograph) 297
坡面流(overland flow) 298
河槽集流(concentration of channel flow) 298
明渠不稳定流(unsteady flow in open channel) 298
霍顿入渗公式(Horton formula) 298
菲利浦入渗公式(Philip infiltration formula) 299
艾里定律(Eley's law) 299
科氏力定律(Coriolis force law) 299
过水断面(cross section of stream flow) 299
水力半径(hydraulic radius) 299
径流差积曲线(differential mass curve of flow) 300
彭曼蒸发公式(Penman's evaporation formula) 300
异重流(density currents) 300
水文效应(hydrologic effects) 301
调水水文效应(hydrologic effects of water diversion) 301
森林水文效应(hydrologic effects of forest) 302
农业水文效应(hydrological effects of agricultural activities) 302
水利工程水文效应(hydrologic effects of water resources project) 303
地面沉降(land subsidence) 303
海水入侵含水层(seawater intruded into aquifer) 303
地下水人工回灌(artificial recharge of ground water) 304
地下水位调控(regulation of ground water table) 304
土壤盐渍化地下水临界深度(critical ground water table of soil salinization) 304
洪水(flood) 304
涝(water logging) 305
风暴潮(storm surge) 167
实验水文(experimental hydrology) 305
代表性流域(representative watershed) 305
实验性流域(experimental watershed) 305
同位素水文学(isotope hydrology) 306
流域模型(watershed hydrologic models) 306
水文过程数值模拟(numerical modelling of hydrologic process) 306
系统水文学(systems approach to hydrology) 307
水文地理调查(hydrographical survey) 307
水质数学模型(water quality models) 307
可能最大降水(probablemaximum precipitation) 308
可能最大洪水(probable maximum flood) 308
抑制蒸发(evaporation reduction) 308
蒸发器(evaporation par) 309
水力蒸发器(hydraulic evapotranspirometer) 309
地中渗透仪(infiltration lysimeter) 309
负压计(tensiometer) 310
抽(注)水试验〔pumping(injecting)test〕 310
地下水流模型(ground water flow models) 311
径流试验小区(experiment plots) 311
土面增温剂(agent for increasing soil temperature) 311
五生物地理学(biogeography) 311
通论(generals) 311
生物地理学(biogeography) 311
染色体地理学(chromosomegeography) 340
生物分布(biochore,bio-distribution) 312
生物散布(biotic dispersal) 312
生物迁移(biotic migration) 313
扩散中心(dispersal centre) 313
散布阻限(barrier to dispersal) 313
地理隔离(geographic isolation) 313
生殖隔离(reproductive isolation) 314
岛屿生物地理平衡理论(equilibrium theory of island biogeography) 314
生物分布区(biotic range) 314
分布型(distribution pattern) 315
分布区中心(areal centre) 315
间断分布区(range disjunction) 315
措在分布区(potential area) 315
世界种(cosmopolitan species) 315
本地种(indigenous species,native species) 316
地方种(local species) 316
特有种(endemic species) 316
孑遗种(relic species) 316
替代种(vicarious species) 316
外来种(exotic species) 317
生物区系(biota) 317
生物区系成分(biota element) 317
种相似性系数(similarity coefficient of species) 317
物种形成(speciation) 318
物种演化(species evolution) 318
适应(adaptation) 318
竞争(competition) 319
种类多样性(species diversity) 319
限制因子(limiting factor) 319
生态位(niche) 319
生态幅(ecological amplitude) 320
广生态幅植物(eurytopic plant),参见“生态幅” 320
狭生态幅植物(stenotopic plant),参见“生态幅” 320
最适度(range of optimum) 321
生境(habitat) 321
小生境(microhabitat) 321
生物量(biomass) 321
种群(population) 321
生物群落(biome,biotic community) 322
海洋生物群落(marine biomes) 322
植物地理(phytogeography) 322
植物地理学(phytogeography) 322
植物区系地理学(floristic plant geography),参见“植物地理学” 322
植物生态地理学(ecological plant geography),参见“植物地理学” 322
历史植物地理学(historical plant geography),参见“植物地理学” 323
植物生活型(plant life form) 323
植物生态型(plant ecotype) 323
植物生态类群(ecological plant group) 324
指示植物(indicator plant) 324
植物群落地理学(phytocoenological geography) 324
地植物学(geobotany) 325
植物群落学(phytocoenology),参见“地植物学” 325
植被(vegetation) 325
植物群落结构(structure of plant community) 325
植物群落(plant community,phytocoenose) 325
植物层片(plant synusia) 326
植物群丛(plant association) 326
植物群系(plant formation) 326
植被型(vegetation type) 326
演替(succession) 327
演替系列(successional series) 327
顶极群落(climax) 327
植被分类(vegetation classification) 327
地带性植被(zonal vegetation) 328
超地带性植被(extrazonal vegetation) 328
非地带性植被(azonal vegetation) 328
天然植被(natural vegetation) 329
栽培植被(cultural vegetation) 329
雨林(rairfforest) 329
热带雨林(tropical rainforest),参见“雨林” 329
季雨林(monsoon forest) 330
红树林(mangrove) 330
常绿阔叶林(evergreen broad-leaved forest) 330
硬叶常绿林(sclerophyllous forest) 330
硬叶常绿阔叶林(sclerorphyllous evergreen broad-leaved forest),参见“硬叶常绿林” 331
夏绿阔叶林(deciduous broad-leaved forest) 331
针阔叶混交林(deciduous broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forests) 331
泰加林(taiga) 331
针叶林(coniferous forest) 331
矮曲林(krummholz) 332
灌丛(shrubs,scrub) 332
草原植被(steppe vegetation) 332
森林草原(forest steppe) 333
高草草原(prairie) 333
潘帕斯草原(pampas) 333
萨瓦纳(savanna) 334
荒漠植被(desert vegetation) 334
苔原植被(tundra vegetation) 334
高山植被(alpine vegetation) 335
草甸(meadow) 335
沼泽植被(bog vegetation) 335
水生植被(hydrophytic vegetation) 335
盐生植被(halophytic vegetation) 336
树线(treeline),参见“森林线” 336
森林上限(upper forost limit),参见“森林线” 336
森林线(timberline) 336
植被垂直带(altitudinal belt of vegetation) 337
植被区划(vegetational regionalization) 337
植物区系(fora) 337
栽培植物区系(cultivated flora) 337
世界植物区系分区(world floristic divisions) 338
泛北极植物区(Holarctic kingdom) 338
古热带植物区(Paleotropic kingdom) 339
新热带植物区(Neotropic kingdom) 339
澳大利亚植物区(Australian kingdom) 340
好望角植物区(Cape kingdom) 340
泛南极植物区(Holantarctic kingdom) 340
动物地理(zoogeography) 340
染色体地理学(chromosome geography) 340
动物地理学(zoogeography) 341
动物分布区(distribution area of animal) 341
华莱士线(Wallace's line) 341
动物群(raunal group) 342
森林动物(forest faunal group) 342
草原动物(steppe faunal group) 342
荒漠动物(desert faunal group) 342
高山动物(alpine faunal group) 343
极地动物(polar faunal group) 343
陆上水域动物(aquatic faunal group on the land) 343
海洋动物(marine faunal group) 343
动物区系(fauna) 343
陆地动物区划(continental faunal regionalization) 344
全北区(Holarctic region) 344
古北区(Paleoarctic region),参见“全北区” 344
新北区(Neoarctic region),参见“全北区” 344
东洋区(Oriental region) 344
热带区(Tropical region) 345
新热带区(Neotropical region) 345
澳大利亚区(Australian region) 345
南极区(Antarctic region) 346
六 土壤地理学(pedogeography) 346
土壤地理学(pedogeography) 346
土壤形成(soil formation) 346
土壤系统(soil system) 347
成土因素(factors of soil formation) 347
成土过程(pedogenic processes) 348
原始成土过程(initial pedogenic process) 348
腐殖质化过程(humification) 349
粘化过程(argillation) 349
灰化作用(podzolization) 349
铁铝化过程(ferrallitization) 349
钙化过程(calcification) 350
盐化过程(salinization) 350
碱化过程(alkalization) 350
白浆化过程(leucinization) 350
潜育化过程(gleization) 351
土壤熟化过程(cultivation) 351
土壤演化(soil evolution) 351
土壤年龄(soil age) 352
古土壤(paleosols) 352
土壤剖面(soil profile) 352
土壤发生层(soil forming horizon) 352
土壤形态(soil morphology) 353
土壤微形态(soil micromorphology) 353
土壤组成(soil composition) 353
土壤母质(soil parent material) 353
土壤矿物(soil minerals) 354
土壤质地(soil texture) 354
土壤结构(soil structure) 354
土壤生物(soil organism) 354
土壤有机质(soil organic matter) 354
土壤物理性质(soil physical property) 355
土壤化学(soil chemistry) 355
土壤物理化学(soil physical chemistry) 355
土壤养分(soil nutrient) 355
土壤水(soil water) 356
土壤溶液(soil solution) 356
土壤肥力(soil fertility) 356
土壤分析(soil analysis) 357
土壤分类(soil classification) 357
红壤系列(red soil sequence) 358
棕壤系列(burozem sequence) 358
褐土系列(drab soil sequence) 358
黑土系列(chernozem sequence) 359
栗钙土系列(chestnut soil sequence) 359
荒漠土系列(desert soil sequence) 360
灌淤土系列(irrigated soil sequence) 360
水稻土系列(paddy soil sequonce) 360
湿土系列(wet soil sequence) 361
盐碱土系列(alkali-saline soil sequence) 361
岩性土系列(regosol seguence) 361
高山土系列(alpine soil sequence) 361
新成土(entisol) 362
变性土(vertisol) 362
始成土(inceptisol) 362
旱成土(aridisol) 362
软土(mollisol) 363
灰土(spodosol) 363
淋溶土(alfisol) 363
老成土(ultisol) 363
氧化土(oxisol) 364
有机土(histosol) 364
土壤地带性(soil zonality) 364
地带性土壤(zonal soil) 364
土壤区划(soil regionalization) 365
土壤复区(soil complex) 365
土链(soil catena) 365
七被(soil mantle) 365
土壤利用(soil utilization) 366
土壤改良(amelioration of soils) 366
土壤肥力递减律(law of diminishing soil fertility) 366
土壤侵蚀(soil erosion) 366
土壤风蚀(soil deflation) 367
土壤沙化(soit sandification) 367
土壤抗蚀性(soil resistance to erosion) 367
土壤保持(soil conservation) 368
七 环境地理学(environmental geography) 368
环境地理学(environmental geography) 368
环境地学(environmental geoscience) 369
环境气候学(environmental meteorology) 120
环境水文学(environmental hydrology) 369
环境污染化学(environmental pollution chemistry