1．High Up in the North 2
1．THE SETTING OF THE STAGE 3
2．It Rained Incessantly 4
3．The Ascent of Man 5
4．The Plants Leave the Sea 6
2．OUR EARLIEST ANCESTORS 9
5．The Growth of the Human Skull 9
6．Pre-history and History 11
3．PREHISTORIC MAN BEGINS TO MAKE THINGS FOR HIMSELF 13
7．Prehistoric Europe 15
4．THE EGYPTIANS INVENT THE ART OF WRITING AND THE RECORD OF HIS-TORY BEGINS 17
5．THE BEGINNING OF CIVILISATION IN THE VALLEY OF THE NILE 22
8．The Valley of Egypt 23
9．The Building of the Pyramids 25
6．THE RISE AND FALL OF EGYPT 27
7．MESOPOTAMIA-THE SECOND CENTRE OF EASTERN CIVILISATION 29
10．Mesopotamia, the Melting-pot of the Ancient World 30
8．THE SUMERIAN NALL WRITERS, WHOSE CLAY TABLETS TELL US THE STORY OF ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA, THE GREAT SEMITIC MELTING-POT 32
11．A Tower of babel 34
12．Nineveh 35
13．The Holy City of Babylon 36
9．THE STORY OF MOSES, THE LEADER OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE 38
14．The Wanderings of the Jews 39
15．Moses Sees the Holy Land 41
16．The Phoenician Trader 42
10．THE PHCENICIANS, WHO GAVE US OUR ALPHABET 42
11．THE INDO-EUROPEAN PERSIANS CONQUER THE SEMITIC AND THE EGYPTIAN WORLD 44
17．The Story of a Word 45
18．The Indo-Europeans and Their Neighbours 46
19．The Trojan Horse 48
12．THE PEOPLE OF THE ? GEAN SEA CARRIED THE CIVIISATION OF OLD ASIA INTO THE WILDERNESS OF EUROPE 48
20．Schliemann Digs for Troy 49
21．Mycen ? in Argolis 50
22．The ?gean Sea 51
23．The Island-Bridges Between Asia and Europe 52
13．MEANWHILE THE INDO-EUROPEAN TRIBE OF THE HELLENES WAS TAKING POSSESSION OF GREECE 54
24．An ?gean City on the Greek Mainland 54
25．The Ach ?ans Take an ?gean City 55
26．The Fall of Cnossus 56
14．THE GREEK CITIES THAT WERE REALLY STATES 58
27．Mount Olympus, Where the Gods Lived 59
15．THE GREEKS WERE THE FIRST PEOPLE TO TRY THE DIFFICULT EXPERIMENT OF SELF-GOVERNMENT 62
28．A Greek City-State 63
16．HOW THE GREEKS LIVED 66
29．Greak Society 67
17．THE ORIGINS OF THE THEATRE, THE FIRST FORM OF PUBLIC AMUSEMENT 71
18．HOW THE GREEKS DEFENDEP EUROPE AGAINST AX ASIATIC INVASION AND DROVE THE PERSIANS BACK ACROSS THE ? GEAN SEA 74
30．The Persian Fleet is Destroyed Near Mount Athos 75
31．The Battle of Marathon 76
32．Thermopyl? 77
33．The Battle of Thermopyl? 78
34．The Persians Burn Athens 79
19．HOW ATHENS AND SPARTA FOUGHT A LONG AND DISASTROUS WAR FOR THE LEADERSHIP OF GREECE 81
20．ALEXANDER THE MACEDONIAN ESTABLISHES A GREEK WORLD-EMPIRE, AND WHAT BECAME OF THIS HIGH AMBITION 83
21．A SHORT SUMMARY OF CHAPTERS 1 TO 20 86
22．THE SEMITIC COLONY OF CARTHAGE ON THE NORTHERN COAST OF AFRICA AND THE INDO-EUROPEAN CITY OF ROME ON THE WEST COAST OF ITALY FOUGHT EACH OTHER FOR THE POSSESSION OF THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AND CARTHAGE WAS DESTROYED 89
35．Carthage 90
36．Spheres of Influence 91
37．How the City of Rome Happened 93
38．A Fast Roman Warship 98
39．Hannibal Crosses the Alps 100
40．Hannibal and the CEF 102
41．The Death of Hannibal 103
23．HOW ROME HAPPENED 105
42．How Rome Heppened 105
43．Civilisation Goes Westward 107
24．HOW THE REPUBLIC OF ROME , AFTER CENTURIES OF UNREST AND REVOLUTION, BECAME AN EMPIRE 109
44．C?sar Goes West 114
45．The Great Roman Empire 116
25．THE STORY OF JOSHUA OF NAZARETH, WHOM THE GREEKS CALLED JESUS 119
46．The Holy Land 121
26．THE TWILIGHT OF ROME 124
47．When the Barbarians Got Through With a Roman City 126
48．The Invasions of the Barbarians 129
27．HOW ROME BECAME THE CENTRE OF THE CHRISTIAN WORLD 131
49．A Cloister 133
50．The Goths Are Coming! 134
28．AHMED, THE CAMEL DRIVER, WHO BECAME THE PROPHET OF THE ARABIAN DESERT, AND WHOSE FOLLOWERS ALMOST CONQUERED THE ENTIRE KNOWX WORLD FOR THE GREATER GLORY OF ALLAH, THE“ONLY TRUE GOD 138
51．The Flight of Mohammed 139
52．The Struggle Between the Cross and the Crescent 143
29．HOW CHARLEMAGEN, THE KING OF THE FRANKS, CAME TO BEAR THE TITLE OF EMPEROR AND TRIED TO REVIVE THE OLD IDEAL OF WORLD-EMPIRE 144
53．The Holy Roman Empire of German Nationality 148
30．WHY THE PEOPLE OF THE TENTH CENTURY PRAYED THE LORD TO PROTECT THEM FROM THE FURY OF THE NORSEMEN 151
54．The Home of the Norsemen 152
55．The Norsemen Go to Russia 153
56．The Normans Look Across the Channel 153
57．The World of the Norsemen 154
31．HOW CENTRAL EUROPE, ATTACKED FROM THREE SIDES, BECAME AN ARMED CAMP AND WHY EUROPE WOULD HAVE PERISHED WITHOUT THOSE PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS AND ADMINISTRATORS WHO WERE PART OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM 156
32．CHIVAIRY 161
33．THE STRANGE DOUBLE LOYALTY OF THE PEOPLE OF THE MIDDLE AGES, AND HOW IT LED TO ENDLESS QUARRELS BETWEEN THE POPES AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS 164
58．Henry IV at Canossa 168
34．BUT ALL THESE DIFFERENT QUARRELS WERE FORGOTTEN WHEN THE TURKS TOOKTHE HOLY LAND, DESECRATED THE HOLY PLACES AND INTERFERED SERIOWSLY WITH THE TRADE FROM EAST TO WEST EUROPE WENT CRUSADING 171
59．The First Crusade 173
60．The World of the Crusaders 174
61．The Crusaders Take Jerusalem 175
62．The Crusader s Grave 176
35．WHY THE PEOPLE OF THE MIDDLE AGES SAID THAT CITY AIR IS FREE AIR 177
63．The Castle and the City 182
64．The Belfry 186
65．Gunpowder 187
36．HOW THE PEOPLE OF THE CITIES ASSERTED THEIR RIGHT TO BE HEARD IN THE ROYAL COUNCILS OF THEIR COUNTRY 188
66．The Spreading of the Idea of Popular Sovereignty 189
67．The Home of Swiss Liberty 192
68．The Abjuration of Philip II 193
37．WHAT THE PEOPLE OF THE MIDDLE AGES THOUGHT OF THE WORLD IN WHICH THEY HAPPENED TO LIVE 194
38．HOW THE CRUSADES ONCE MORE MADE THE MEDITERRANEAN A BUSY CENTRE OF TRADE AND HOW THE CITIES OF THE ITALIAN PENINSULA BECAME THE GREAT DISTRIBUTING CENTRE FOR THE COMMERCE WITH ASIA AND AFRICA 202
69．Medi?val Trade 203
70．Great Nowgorod 206
71．The Hansa Ship 208
39．PEOPLE ONCE MORE DARED TO BE HAPPY JUST BECAUSE THEY WERE ALIVE THEY TRIED TO SAVE THE REMAINS OF THE OLDER AND MORE AGREEABLE CIVILISATION OF ROME AND GREECE AND THEY WERE SO PROUD OF THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS THAT THEY SPOKE Ok A RENAISSANC 210
72．The Medi?val Laboratory 213
73．The Renaissance 214
74．Dante 216
40．THE PEOPLE BEGAN TO FEEL THE NEED OF GIVING EXPRESSION TO THEIR NEWLY DISCOVERED JOY OF LIVING. THEY EXPRESSED THEIR HAPPINESS IN POETRY AND IN SCULPTURE AND IN ARCHITECTURE AND PAINTING, AND IN THE BOOKS THEY PRINTED 222
75．John Huss 223
76．The Manuscript and the Printed Book 226
41．BUT NOW THAT PEOPLE HAD BROKEN THROUGH THE BONDS OF THEIR NARROW MEDI ? VAL LIMITATIONS, THEY HAD TO HAVE MORE ROOM FOR THEIR WANDERINGS. THE EUROPEAN WORLD HAD GROWN TOO SMALL FOR THEIR AMBITIONS. IT WAS THE TIME OF THE GREAT VOYAGES O 228
77．Marco Polo 229
78．How the World Grew Larger 231
79．The World of Columbus 234
80．The Great Discoveries. Western Hemisphere 237
81．The Great Discoveries. Eastern Hemisphere 238
82．Magellan 240
42．CONCERNING BUDDHA AND CONFUCIUS 245
83．The Three Great Religions 247
84．The Great Moral Leaders 254
43．THE PROGRESS OF THE HUMAN RACE IS BEST COMPARED TO A GIGANTIC PENDULUM WIHCH FOREVER SWINGS FORWARD AND BACKWARD THE RELIGIOUS INDIFFERENCE AND THE ARTISTIC AND LITERARY ENTHUSIASM OF THE RENAISSANCE WERE FOLLOWED BY THE ARTISTIC AND LI 256
85．Luther Translates the Bible 262
44．THE AGE OF THE GREAT RELIGIOUS CONTROVERSIES 266
86．The Inquisition 267
87．The Night of St. Bartholomew 272
88．Leyden Delivered by the Cutting of the Dikes 273
89．The Murder of William the Silent 274
90．The Armada is Coming! 275
91．The Death of Hudson 277
92．The Thirty Years War 279
93．Amsterdam in 1648 281
45．HOW THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS AND THE LESS DIVINE BUT MORE REASONABLE RIGHT OF PARLIAMENT ENDED DISASTROUSIY FOR KING CHARLES I 283
94．The English Nation 284
95．The Hundred Years War 285
96．John and Sebastian Cabot See the Coast of Newfoundland 288
97．The Elizabethan Stage 289
46．IN FRANCE, ON THE OTHER HAND, THE DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS CONTINUED WITH GREATER POMP AND SPLENDOR THAN EVER BEFORE AND THE AMBITION OF THE RULER WAS ONLY TEMPERED BY THE NEWLY INVENTED LAW OF THE BALANCE OF POWER 299
98．The Balance of Power 302
47．THE STORY OF THE MYSTERIOUS MUSCOVITE EMPIRE WHICH SUDDENLY BURST UPON THE GRAND POLITICAL STAGE OF EUROPE 304
99．The Origin of Russia 306
100．Peter the Great in the Dutch Shipyard 312
48．RUSSIA AND SWEDEN FIGHT MANY WARS TO DECIDE WHO SHALL BE THE LEADING POWER OF NORTH-EASTERN EUROPE 312
101．Peter the Great Builds His New Capital 314
49．THE PETRAORDINARY RISE OF A LITTLE STATE IN A DREARY PARYT OF NORTHERN GERMANY, CALLED PRUSSIA 317
50．HOW THE NEWLY FOUNDED NATIONAL OF DYNASTIC STATES OF EUROPE TRIED TO MAKE THEMSELVES RICH AND WHAT WAS MEANT BY THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM 321
102．The voyage of the pilgrims 322
103．How Europe Conquered the World 325
104．Sea Power 326
51．AT THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY EUROPE HEARD STRANGE REPORTS OF SOMETHING WHICH HAD HAPPENED IN THE WILDERNESS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT. THE DESCENDANTS OF THE MEN WHO HAD PUNISHED KING CHARLES FOR HIS INSISTENCE UPON HIS D 327
105．The Fight for Liberty 327
106．The Pilgrims 328
107．How the White Man Settled in North America 329
108．In the Cabin of the Mayflower 331
109．The French Explore the West 332
110．The First Winter in New England 334
111．George Washington 336
112．The Great American Revolution 337
52．THE GREAT FRENCH REVOLUTION PROCLAIMS THE PRINCIPLES OF LIBERTY, FRATERNITY AND EQUALITY UNTO ALL THE PEOPLE OF THE EARTH 339
113．The Guillotine 342
114．Louis XVI 344
115．The Bastille 347
116．The French Revolution Invades Holland 352
53．NAPOLEON 354
117．The Retreat from Moscow 360
118．The Battle of Waterloo 363
119．Napoleon Goes Into Exile 365
54．AS SOON AS NAPOLEON HAD BEEN SENT TO ST. HELENA, THE RULERS WHO SO OFTEN HAD BEEN DEFEATED BY THE HATED CORSICAN MET AT VIENNA AND TRIED TO UNDO THE MANY CHANGES WHICH HAD BEEN BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 367
120．The Spectre Which Frightened the Holy Alliance 370
121．The Real Congress of Vienna 373
55．THEY TRIED TO ASSURE THE WORLD AN ERA OF UNDISTURBED PEACE BY SUPPRESSING ALL NEW LDEAS. THEY MADE THE POLICESPY THE HIGHEST FUNCTIONARY IN THE STATE AND SOON THE PRISONS OF ALL COUNTRIES WERE FILLED WITH THOSE WHO CLAIMED THAT PEOPLE H 379
56．THE LOVE OF NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, HOWEVER, WAS TOO STRONG TO BE DESTROYED IN THIS WAY. THE SOUTH AMERICANS WERE THE FIRST TO REBEL AGAINST THE REACTIONARY MEASURES OF THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA. GREECE AND BELGIUM AND SPAINAND A LARGE NUMB 387
122．The Monroe Doctrine 391
123．Giuseppe Mazzini 401
57．BUT WHILE THE PEOPLE OF EUROPE WERE FIGHTING FOR THEIR NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, THE WORLD IN WHICH THEY LIVED HAD BEEN ENTIRELY CHANGED BY A SERIES OF INVENTIONS, WHICH HAD MADE THE CLUMSY OLD STEAM-ENGINE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY THE MO 408
124．The First Steamboat 414
125．The Origin of the Steamboat 415
126．The Origin of the Automobile 416
58．THE NEW ENGINES WERE VERY EXPENSIVE AND ONLY PEOPLE OF WEALTH COULD AFFORD THEM. THE OLD CARPENTER OR SHOEMAKER WHO HAD BEEN HIS OWN MASTER IN HIS LITTLE WORKSHOP WAS OBLIGED TO HIRE HIMSELF OUT TO THE OWNERS OF THE BIG MECHANICAL TOOLS 419
127．Man-power and Machine-power 420
128．The Factory 422
59．THE GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF MACHINERY DID NOT BRING ABOUT THE ERA OF HAPPINESS AND PROSPERITY WHICH HAD BEEN PREDICTED BY THE GENERATION WHICH SAW THE STAGE COACH REPLACED BY THE RAILROAD SEVERAL PEMEDIES WERE SUGGESTED, BUT NONE OF THE 425
60．BUT THE WORLD HAD UNDERGONE ANOTHER CHANGE WHICH WAS OF GREATER IMPORTANCE THAN EITHER THE POLITICAL OR THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS. AFTER GENERATIONS OF OPPRESSION AND PERSECUTION, THE SCIENTIST HAD AT LAST GAINED LIBERTY OF ACTION AND 432
129．The Philosopher 432
130．Galileo 434
61．A CHAPTER OF ART 439
131．Gothic Architecture 443
132．The Troubadour 448
62．A CHAPTER WHICH OUGHT TO GIVE YOU A GREAT DEAL OF POLITICAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE LAST FIFTY YEARS, BUT WHICH REALLY CONTALNS SEVERAL EXPLANATIONS AND A FEW APOLOGIES 452
133．The Pioneer 453
134．The Conquest of the West 457
63．THE GREAT WAR WHICH WAS REALLY THE STRUGGLE FOR A NEW AND BETTER WORLD 462
135．War 463
136．The Spread of the Imperial Idea 466
64．AS IT EVER SHALL BE 472
65．AFTER SEVEN YEARS 473
137．A World in Flames 474
138．Sea Power 476
139．Man Power 478
140．Propaganda 480
141．America Goes Abroad 483
142．The Iron Man 484
143-147．Animated Chronology 489
66．ANIMATED CHRONOLOGY 489
67．CONCERNING THE PICTURES 494
68．AN HISTORICAL READING LIST FOR CHILDREN 497