Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Glossary 1
1.3 Abbreviations 8
Chapter 2 Tools and Techniques 9
2.1 At what stage of exploration or production can the tools be applied？ 9
2.2 How reliable are the tools？ 9
2.3 Further reading 9
Chapter 3 Diagenesis of Clastic and Carbonate Rocks 16
3.1 Introduction 16
3.2 Clastic diagenesis 17
3.3 Carbonate diagenesis 61
Chapter 4 Rock Mechanics Related to Reservoir 130
4.1 Underground stresses 130
4.2 Pore pressure 140
4.3 Sedimentological aspects 144
4.4 Mechanical properties of sedimentary rocks 150
Chapter 5 Lithofacies 160
5.1 Why consider lithofacies？ 160
5.2 What is lithofacies？ 161
5.3 How does sandstone composition affect reservoir quality？ 162
5.4 How does texture affect porosity？ 162
5.5 How does texture affect permeability？ 163
5.6 What is the effect of fabric on reservoir quality？ 163
5.7 What are the effects of bedding and sedimentary structures on reservoir quality？ 164
5.8 How are depositional environments， primary lithofacies and K-φ related？ 166
5.9 Conclusions 171
Chapter 6 Carbonate Sequences 173
6.1 What are the most important controls on reservoir quality in carbonate sequences？ 173
6.2 Sulphates 181
6.3 Karstification 181
6.4 Compaction 183
6.5 Fractures 183
6.6 Predicting reservoir quality in limestones 184
6.7 How can we predict permeability？ 189
Chapter 7 Compaction 194
7.1 What is compaction？ 194
7.2 How does compaction affect reservoir quality？ 194
7.3 How does compaction operate？ 195
7.4 What are the controls on compaction？ 196
Chapter 8 Quartz 199
8.1 How does quartz cement affect reservoir quality？ 199
8.2 What is quartz？ 202
8.3 How to identify quartz cements？ 204
8.4 Where does quartz cement come from？ 204
8.5 What controls quartz cement distribution？ 207
8.6 Amount of quartz cement 209
8.7 What controls quartz cement precipitation？ 209
8.8 Analyzing quartz cement 211
8.9 Summary 214
Chapter 9 Clays 216
9.1 What are clay minerals？ 216
9.2 How do we distinguish between detrital and diagenetic clays？ 216
9.3 Effect of clay minerals on reservoir quality 218
9.4 Illite 219
9.5 Chlorite 220
9.6 Kaolinite 223
9.7 Smectite 224
9.8 Other clays 226
Chapter 10 Carbonate Cements in Clastics 230
10.1 What is carbonate cements？ 231
10.2 What is the form of carbonate cementation？ 231
10.3 How does carbonate cement effect reservoir quality？ 233
10.4 Tools and techniques for use with carbonate cements 234
10.5 Source of carbonate cements 236
10.6 Timing of cementation 237
10.7 Reservoir connectivity 238
10.8 Depositional environments and carbonate cements 238
Chapter 11 Secondary Porosity 241
11.1 What causes secondary porosity？ 241
11.2 Types of secondary pores 242
11.3 How does secondary porosity affect reservoir quality？ 242
11.4 What views do other oil companies have on secondary porosity？ 244
11.5 Possible mechanisms of secondary porosity generation 245
11.6 How can we recognize secondary porosity？ 246
11.7 Conclusions 247
Chapter 12 Faults and Fractures 249
12.1 The effects of faults and fractures on reservoir quality 249
12.2 Where are we most likely to encounter faults and fractures？ 250
12.3 How do faults and factures affect reservoir quality？ 250
12.4 What makes a fracture or fault non-conductive？ 251
12.5 Fault and fracture cementation 252
12.6 Timing and source of cementation 253
12.7 Fracture conductivity with the host matrix 254
12.8 The importance of fracture porosity 255
12.9 The importance of fracture permeability 259
12.10 Fault sealing 262
12.11 Conclusions 263
The Strengths 263
The Weaknesses 263
Appendix 264
Chapter 13 How Can We Predict Porosity？ 266
13.1 Principles 266
13.2 Porosity data 268
13.3 Statistics 269
13.4 Case History 270
13.5 How to use this information to predict porosity？ 274
13.6 Effects of diagenesis and porosity modification on net pay 278
Chapter 14 How Can We Predict Permeability？ 281
14.1 What is permeability？ 281
14.2 Empirical prediction of permeability 283
14.3 Limitations of empirical approaches 285
14.4 What’s the effect of compaction？ 285
14.5 How to predict permeablity？ 291
14.6 Where next？ 292
Chapter 15 How Can We Predict Reservoir Connectivity and Compartmentalization 293
15.1 Reservoir compartmentalization 293
15.2 Types of compartmentalization 294
15.3 What can fluid composition tell us about reservoir compartment alization？ 295
15.4 Conclusions 302
References 303