Introduction 1
John Dryden：from the preface to his translation of Ovid's Epistles 1 2
Anne Dacier：from the introduction to her translation of the Iliad 10
ContentsPreface 11
Acknowledgments 13
1 The role of ideology in the shaping of a translation 14
Flaccus Quintus Horatius：from the“Letter to the Pisones，”also known as the Ars Poetica 15
Aurelius Augustinus（Saint Augustine）：from“On the Christian Doctrine”；from the“Letter to Saint Jerome” 15
Martin Luther：from the“Circular Letter on Translation” 16
August Wilhelm Schlegel：from the“History of Romantic Literature” 17
Anne Louise Germaine de Staёl：from the Writings 17
Victor Hugo：from the preface to the New Shakespeare Translation 18
2 The power of patronage 19
John of Trevisa：from the“Dialogue between a Lord and a Clerk upon Translation，”printed as the preface to his translation of the Polychronicon 20
Jean de Brèche，called de Tours：from the preface to his translation of Hippocrates 21
Joachim Du Bellay：from the Défense et illustration de la langue fran？aise 22
Philemon Holland：from the preface to his translation of Pliny's The Historie of the World 22
Johann Wolfgang yon Goethe：from the“Writings on Literature” 24
John Dryden：from the“Dedication”to his translation of the Aeneid 24
3 Poetics 26
Etienne Dolet：from“On the Way of Translating Well from One Language into Another” 27
Antoine Houdar de la Motte：from the preface to his translation of the Iliad 28
Voltaire（Fran？ois-Marie Arouet）：from a letter to Anne Dacier 30
August Wilhelm Schlegel：from“Something About William Shakespeare on the Occasion of Wilhelm Meister” 30
Edward Fitzgerald：from the preface to the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam 32
Ulrich von Willamowitz-Moellendorff：from“The Art of Translation” 33
4 Universe of Discourse 35
Nicolas Perrot d'Ablancourt：from the preface to his translation of Lucian 35
Jacques Delille：from the preface to his translation of Virgil's Georgics 37
Pierre le Tourneur：from the preface to his translation of Young's Night Thoughts 39
Antoine Prévost，better known as Abbé Prévost：from the preface to his translation of Richardson's Pamela 39
Voltaire（Fran？ois-Marie Arouet）：from the preface to his translation of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar 40
John Hookham Frere：from the preface to his translation of Aristophanes 40
Dillon Wentworth，Earl of Roscommon：from the Essay on Translated Verse 43
5 Translation，the development of language，and education 46
Marcus Tullius Cicero：from“On the Orator”；from“On the Limits of Good and Evil” 46
Hieronymus（Saint Jerome）：from the“Letter to Pammachius” 47
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus：from the“Guide to Rhetoric” 47
Roger Bacon：from“On the Knowledge of Languages” 49
Juan Luis Vives：from“Versions or Translations” 50
Jacques Pelletier du Mans：from his“Poetics” 52
August Wilhelm Schlegel：from“The Works of Homer by Johann Heinrich Voss” 54
Percy Bysshe Shelley：from“A Defence of Poetry” 56
Gaius Caecilius Plinius Secundus：from the “Letters” 56
Johann Christoph Gottsched：from the“Critical Poetics” 57
Thomas Carlyle：from“The State of German Literature” 57
6 The technique of translating 59
Desiderius Erasmus：from the“Letter to William Warham” 60
Antoine Lemaistre：from the“Rules of French Translation” 60
George Chapman：from the prefatory texts to his translation of the Iliad 62
Alexander Pope：from the preface to his translation of the Iliad 64
August Wilhelm Schlegel：from the“Letter to Herrn Reimer” 66
Dante Gabriel Rossetti：from Dante and His Circle 67
Matthew Arnold：from“On Translating Homer” 68
7 Central texts and central cultures 70
Sir Thomas More：from the Confutation of Tyndale's Answer 71
Anonymous：from“The Translators to the Reader，”the preface to the Authorized Version 72
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe：from“Poetry and Truth”；from the“Book of West and East”；from the“Writings on Literature” 74
Johann Gottfried Herder：from the“Fragments” 74
August Wilhelm Schlegel：from the“Argument Between Languages”；from the“History of Classical Literature” 78
Edward Fitzgerald：from a letter to E．B．Cowell 80
8 Longer statements 81
Leonardo Bruni，called Aretino：from“The Right Way to Translate” 81
Petrus Danielus Huetius：from“Two Books on Translation” 86
Jean le Rond d'Alembert：from“Remarks on the Art of Translating，”printed as the preface to his translation of Tacitus 105
Charles Batteux：from“Principles of Literature” 116
Gaspard de Tende，sieur de l'Estaing：from the“Rules of Translation” 120
Johann Jakob Bodmer：from the“Ninety-Fourth Letter”in his“Painter of Morals” 124
Alexander Fraser Tytler，Lord Woodhouselee：from the Essay on the Principles of Translation 128
Wilhelm von Humboldt：from the preface to his translation of Aeschylus'Agamemnon 135
Friedrich Schleiermacher：from“On the Different Methods of Translating” 141
Ulrich von Willamowitz-Moellendorff：from “What is Translation？”，originally written as the preface to his translation of Euripides'Hippolytus 166
Bibliographical references 172
Index 175