Foreword 1
1．Introduction 3
What Is an Interpreter? 3
What Is Conference Interpreting? 4
The Context of the Conference Interpreter's Work 6
Definitions and Examples Used in this Book 8
2．The Basic Principles of Consecutive Interpreting 11
Understanding 11
Analysis 14
Analysis of Speech Type 14
Identification of Main Ideas 21
Analysis of Links 28
Memory 29
Re-expression 33
3．Note-taking in Consecutive Interpreting 39
Practical Points for Note-taking 40
What to Note 41
How to Note 44
Abbreviations and Symbols 49
The Language in Which to Note 60
When to Note 61
How to Read Back Notes 64
4．Simultaneous Interpreting 66
The Acoustic Difficulties of Simultaneous Interpreting 67
The Technique of Simultaneous Interpreting 72
When to Start Speaking? 72
Reformulation 80
The Salami Technique 91
Efficiency in Reformulation 95
Simplification 98
Generalization 101
Omission(Under Duress)and Fast Speakers 102
Summarizing and Recapitulation 104
Explanation 104
Anticipation 105
What if I Make a Clear Mistake? 107
What if the Speaker Makes a Mistake? 108
Avoiding Committing Yourself 110
Metaphors and Sayings 112
Using'Pat phrases' 114
Intonation,Stress and Pauses 115
Numbers 117
'Retour' 120
Relay 122
Concluding Remarks on Simultaneous Technique 124
5．The Pleasure of Interpreting 128
Glossary 131
Further Reading 134
Index 139