PREFACE 1
INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER 1 THE ROTATION OF RIGID BODIES 6
1.1 Vectors—Scalar Product and Vector Product 6
1.2 Torque 11
1.3 Angular Variables 16
1.4 Newton's Laws for Rotational Motion 19
1.5 Kinetic Energy of Rotational Motion 24
1.6 Angular Momentum and Angular Impulse 26
1.7 Conservation of Angular Momentum 28
Problems 31
CHAPTER 2 ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 34
2.1 Stress and Strain 34
2.2 Modulus of Elasticity 40
2.3 Flexion and Torsion 45
Problems 51
CHAPTER 3 THE MOTION OF FLUIDS 53
3.1 Steady Flow of Ideal Fluid 53
3.2 Bernoulli's Equation 56
3.3 Applications of Bernoulli's Equation 60
3.4 Viscous Fluid Flow 67
3.5 Blood Flow 79
Problems 82
CHAPTER 4 PHENOMENA ON LIQUID SURFACES 85
4.1 Surface Energy and Surface Tension 85
4.2 The Additional Pressure of a Curved Surface of Liquid 90
4.3 Capillary Action 95
4.4 Surfactant.Adsorption 101
Problems 104
CHAPTER 5 VIBRATIONAL MOTION AND WAVES 106
5.1 Simple Harmonic Motion 106
5.2 Damped Vibration,Forced Vibration and Resonance 115
5.3 The Combinations of Simple Harmonic Motions 119
5.4 The Effects of Vibration on Humans 124
5.5 Equation of Wave Motion 126
5.6 Energy in Waves,Intensity 131
5.7 Huygens' Principle 134
5.8 Superposition of Waves 139
Problems 145
CHAPTER 6 SOUND 150
6.1 Sound Wave 150
6.2 Intensity and Intensity Level 155
6.3 Doppler Effect 161
6.4 Ultrasound and Its Applications in Medicine 165
Problems 175
CHAPTER 7 MOLECULAR PHYSICS 178
7.1 Molecular Theory of Matter,Ideal Gas Law 178
7.2 Pressure and Energy Formula of An Ideal Gas 181
7.3 The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law 187
7.4 Transport Phenomena 192
7.5 Liquid Crystal and Its Applications in Medicine 201
Problems 206
CHAPTER 8 THERMODYNAMICS 209
8.1 Thermodynamic System 209
8.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics 212
8.3 Thermodynamic Processes 215
8.4 Heat Capacities and Adiabatic Process of An Ideal Gas 217
8.5 Human Metabolism 222
8.6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 225
8.7 Entropy 228
8.8 Life Process and Second Law 233
Problems 235
CHAPTER 9 STATIC ELECTRIC FIELD 239
9.1 The Electric Field 239
9.2 Gauss's Law 245
9.3 Potential 250
9.4 Capacitance 258
9.5 Dielectrics 261
9.6 Membrane Potential and Charge Distribution in a Nerve Cell 265
9.7 Dipole Moment of the Heart as a Function of Time 270
9.8 The Electrocardiogram 275
Problems 277
CHAPTER 10 EIECTRIC CURRENT 281
10.1 Electric Current Intensity and Electric Current Density 281
10.2 Ohm's Law,Conductivity,Energy Dissipation 284
10.3 Electromotive Force 287
10.4 Calculation of Circuits 290
10.5 Kirchhoff's Laws 293
10.6 Circuits Contaning Resistance and Capacitance 296
10.7 Leakage Current Across the Cell Membrane 299
10.8 Electrophoresis and Electroosmosis 302
10.9 The Effects of Direct Current on the Human Body 305
Problems 309
CHAPTER 11 ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA 312
11.1 Magnetic Fields 312
11.2 The Motion of a Charged Particle in Magnetic Field 320
11.3 The Magnetic Force on a Current Carrying Wire 325
11.4 Magnetic Substance 331
11.5 The Application of Magnetism in Biology 339
11.6 Electromagnetic Induced Phenomena 344
11.7 Electromagnetic Waves 351
Problems 360
CHAPTER 12 THE DETECTION OF BIOLOGICAL SIGNAL 363
12.1 Composition of Detecting System 363
12.2 Bioelectric Signals 365
12.3 Electrode and Transducer 371
12.4 The Amplification and Processing of Signal 383
12.5 The Display and Record of Signal 393
12.6 Electrical Safety 396
Problems 399
CHAPTER 13 WAVE PROPERTIES OF LIGHT 402
13.1 Interference of Light 402
13.2 Diffraction of Light 409
13.3 Polarization of Light 421
13.4 Birefringence(Double Refraction) 431
13.5 Circular and Elliptical Polarization 434
13.6 Optical Activity 437
Problems 440
CHAPTER 14 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS 443
14.1 Refraction at a Spherical Surface 443
14.2 The Thin Lens 445
14.3 The Thick Lens 449
14.4 Lens Aberrations 451
14.5 The Eye 454
14.6 Defects of Vision 458
14.7 Microscope 461
14.8 The Resolving Power of Microscope 464
14.9 Polarizing Microscopes Phase Contrast Microscopes and Fiberscopes 467
Problems 472
CHAPTER 15 RADIATION,PHOTON AND MATTER WAVE 475
15.1 Thermal Radiation 475
15.2 Infrared and Ultraviolet Radiation 481
15.3 Luminescence 485
15.4 Photometry 488
15.5 The Absorption of Light 492
15.6 The Photon 495
15.7 Matter Wave 501
Problems 505
CHAPTER 16 ATOMS,MOLECULES,AND SPECTRA 507
16.1 The Bohr Atom 507
16.2 The Outline of Quantum Mechanics 513
16.3 Hydrogen Atom Wave Function 520
16.4 The Exclusion Principle and Atomic Structure 523
16.5 Atomic Energy Level and Atomic Spectra 528
16.6 Molecular Energy Level and Molecular Spectra 531
16.7 The Laser 536
Problems 541
CHAPTER 17 X-RAYS 543
17.1 Equipment Generating X-Rays 543
17.2 X-ray Spectra 546
17.3 The Intensity and Hardness of X-ray 550
17.4 X-ray Diffraction and the Structure of Biological Molecules 552
17.5 Interaction of X-ray with Matter 556
17.6 The Absorption of X-ray 559
17.7 The Applications of X-ray in Medicine 562
Problems 568
CHAPTER 18 NUCLEAR PHYSICS 570
18.1 Nuclear Structure 570
18.2 Nuclear Decay 576
18.3 The Rules of Nuclear Decay 581
18.4 The Interaction of Radiation with Matter 588
18.5 Radiation Dose 594
18.6 Radiation Detection and Measurement 599
18.7 Radiation in Medicine 603
18.8 Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 607
Problems 618
APPENDIX A 620
APPENDIX B 622
APPENDIX C 624
APPENDIX D 625
APPENDIX E 629