PART ONE 1
Chapter 1 Conspectus of Culture 1
1.1 What Is Culture? 1
1.2 Cultural Convergence and Divergence 2
1.3 Relationship Between Culture and Language 5
Chapter 2 Main Differences Between the Two Cultures 8
2.1 National and Cultural Psychology 8
2.2 Esthetic Standards 10
2.3 Different Associations 12
2.4 Ways of Thinking 13
2.5 Other Differences in Culture 15
PART TWO 17
Chapter 3 The Conspectus of Translation 17
3.1 Definition of Translation 17
3.2 Characteristic Features of Translation 18
3.3 Principles／Criteria of Translation 20
Chapter 4 Process of Translation 22
4.1 Comprehending 22
4.2 Expressing 25
4.3 Proofreading 29
Chapter 5 Strategies for Translation 31
5.1 Literal Translation and Idiomatic Translation 31
5.2 Domesticating Translation 37
5.3 Foreignizing Translation 40
5.4 Trend from Domesticating to Foreignizing 42
PART THREE 45
Chapter 6 E—C Sound Comparison＆English Originated Transliterated Words 45
6.1 E—C Sound Comparison 45
6.2 The Formation of English Originated Transliterated Words and the Trend of Hanization 46
Chapter 7 E—C Words Comparison and Translation 53
7.1 The formation of Chinese and English Words 53
7.2 Differences in Word Meaning 55
7.3 Word Translation 58
Chapter 8 E—C Idioms Comparison and Translation 64
8.1 Cultural Characteristic Features of Idioms 64
8.2 Cultural Divergences Reflected in Idioms 68
8.3 The Translation of Idioms 71
Chapter 9 E—C Sentence Comparison and Translation 76
9.1 Sentence Category and Type in the Two Languages 76
9.2 English and Chinese Sentence Structure 79
Chapter 10 E—C Discourse Comparison and Translation 120
10.1 English Discourse Structure 120
10.2 Chinese Discourse Structure 122
10.3 Translation of the English Discourse 123
Chapter 11 E—C Writing Style Comparison and Translation 147
11.1 Features of Practical Writing and Its Translation 147
11.2 Features of Argumentative Writing and Its Translation 164
11.3 Features of News and Its Translation 178
11.4 Features of Novel and Prose and Their Translation 185
PART FOUR 200
Chapter 12 A Brief Introduction to China's Translation History 201
12.1 Translation of Buddhist Sutra 201
12.2 Translation of Science and Technology 204
12.3 Translation of Western Natural and Social Sciences 205
12.4 Translation after the Founding of New China 207
12.5 Translation Theory and Thought in Each Period of China's Translation History 207
Chapter 13 A Brief Introduction to Western Translation History 222
13.1 Translation in Ancient Times 222
13.2 Translation in the Middle Ages 222
13.3 Translation in the Renaissance 223
13.4 Translation in Modern Times 224
13.5 Different Schools and Their Theories 224
Bibliography 236