1 RAY OPTICS 1
1.1 Postulates of Ray Optics 3
1.2 Simple Optical Components 6
1.3 Graded-Index Optics 17
1.4 Matrix Optics 24
Reading List 34
Problems 35
2 WAVE OPTICS 38
2.1 Postulates of Wave Optics 40
2.2 Monochromatic Waves 41
2.3 Relation Between Wave Optics and Ray Optics 49
2.4 Simple Optical Components 50
2.5 Interference 58
2.6 Polychromatic and Pulsed Light 66
Reading List 72
Problems 73
3 BEAM OPTICS 74
3.1 The Gaussian Beam 75
3.2 Transmission Through Optical Components 86
3.3 Hermite-Gaussian Beams 94
3.4 Laguerre-Gaussian and Bessel Beams 97
Reading List 100
Problems 100
4 FOURIER OPTICS 102
4.1 Propagation of Light in Free Space 105
4.2 Optical Fourier Transform 116
4.3 Diffraction of Light 121
4.4 Image Formation 127
4.5 Holography 138
Reading List 145
Problems 147
5 ELECTROMAGNETIC OPTICS 150
5.1 Electromagnetic Theory of Light 152
5.2 Electromagnetic Waves in Dielectric Media 156
5.3 Monochromatic Electromagnetic Waves 162
5.4 Elementary Electromagnetic Waves 164
5.5 Absorption and Dispersion 170
5.6 Pulse Propagation in Dispersive Media 184
5.7 Optics of Magnetic Materials and Metamaterials 190
Reading List 193
Problems 195
6 POLARIZATION OPTICS 197
6.1 Polarization of Light 199
6.2 Reflection and Refraction 209
6.3 Optics of Anisotropic Media 215
6.4 Optical Activity and Magneto-Optics 228
6.5 Optics of Liquid Crystals 232
6.6 Polarization Devices 235
Reading List 239
Problems 240
7 PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL OPTICS 243
7.1 Optics of Dielectric Layered Media 246
7.2 One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals 265
7.3 Two-and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals 279
Reading List 286
Problems 288
8 GUIDED-WAVE OPTICS 289
8.1 Planar-Mirror Waveguides 291
8.2 Planar Dielectric Waveguides 299
8.3 Two-Dimensional Waveguides 308
8.4 Photonic-Crystal Waveguides 311
8.5 Optical Coupling in Waveguides 313
8.6 Sub-Wavelength Metal Waveguides (Plasmonics) 321
Reading List 322
Problems 323
9 FIBER OPTICS 325
9.1 Guided Rays 327
9.2 Guided Waves 331
9.3 Attenuation and Dispersion 348
9.4 Holey and Photonic-Crystal Fibers 359
Reading List 362
Problems 363
10 RESONATOR OPTICS 365
10.1 Planar-Mirror Resonators 367
10.2 Spherical-Mirror Resonators 378
10.3 Two-and Three-Dimensional Resonators 390
10.4 Microresonators 394
Reading List 400
Problems 400
11 STATISTICAL OPTICS 403
11.1 Statistical Properties of Random Light 405
11.2 Interference of Partially Coherent Light 419
11.3 Transmission of Partially Coherent Light Through Optical Systems 427
11.4 Partial Polarization 436
Reading List 440
Problems 442
12 PHOTON OPTICS 444
12.1 The Photon 446
12.2 Photon Streams 458
12.3 Quantum States of Light 471
Reading List 476
Problems 478
13 PHOTONS AND ATOMS 482
13.1 Energy Levels 483
13.2 Occupation of Energy Levels 499
13.3 Interactions of Photons with Atoms 501
13.4 Thermal Light 517
13.5 Luminescence and Light Scattering 522
Reading List 528
Problems 530
14 LASER AMPLIFIERS 532
14.1 Theory of Laser Amplification 535
14.2 Amplifier Pumping 539
14.3 Common Laser Amplifiers 547
14.4 Amplifier Nonlinearity 556
14.5 Amplifier Noise 562
Reading List 564
Problems 565
15 LASERS 567
15.1 Theory of Laser Oscillation 569
15.2 Characteristics of the Laser Output 575
15.3 Common Lasers 590
15.4 Pulsed Lasers 605
Reading List 621
Problems 624
16 SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICS 627
16.1 Semiconductors 629
16.2 Interactions of Photons with Charge Carriers 660
Reading List 675
Problems 677
17 SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTON SOURCES 680
17.1 Light-Emitting Diodes 682
17.2 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers 702
17.3 Laser Diodes 716
17.4 Quantum-Confined and Microcavity Lasers 728
Reading List 741
Problems 745
18 SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTON DETECTORS 748
18.1 Photodetectors 749
18.2 Photoconductors 758
18.3 Photodiodes 762
18.4 Avalanche Photodiodes 767
18.5 Array Detectors 775
18.6 Noise in Photodetectors 777
Reading List 798
Problems 800
19 ACOUSTO-OPTICS 804
19.1 Interaction of Light and Sound 806
19.2 Acousto-Optic Devices 819
19.3 Acousto-Optics of Anisotropic Media 828
Reading List 832
Problems 832
20 ELECTRO-OPTICS 834
20.1 Principles of Electro-Optics 836
20.2 Electro-Optics of Anisotropic Media 849
20.3 Electro-Optics of Liquid Crystals 856
20.4 Photorefractivity 863
20.5 Electroabsorption 868
Reading List 869
Problems 871
21 NONLINEAR OPTICS 873
21.1 Nonlinear Optical Media 875
21.2 Second-Order Nonlinear Optics 879
21.3 Third-Order Nonlinear Optics 894
21.4 Second-Order Nonlinear Optics: Coupled-Wave Theory 905
21.5 Third-Order Nonlinear Optics: Coupled-Wave Theory 917
21.6 Anisotropic Nonlinear Media 924
21.7 Dispersive Nonlinear Media 927
Reading List 932
Problems 934
22 ULTRAFAST OPTICS 936
22.1 Pulse Characteristics 937
22.2 Pulse Shaping and Compression 946
22.3 Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers 960
22.4 Ultrafast Linear Optics 973
22.5 Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics 984
22.6 Pulse Detection 999
Reading List 1011
Problems 1013
23 OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS AND SWITCHES 1016
23.1 Optical Interconnects 1018
23.2 Passive Optical Routers 1030
23.3 Photonic Switches 1038
23.4 Optical Gates 1058
Reading List 1069
Problems 1071
24 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS 1072
24.1 Fiber-Optic Components 1074
24.2 Optical Fiber Communication Systems 1084
24.3 Modulation and Multiplexing 1101
24.4 Fiber-Optic Networks 1106
24.5 Coherent Optical Communications 1112
Reading List 1118
Problems 1120
A FOURIER TRANSFORM 1122
A.1 One-Dimensional Fourier Transform 1122
A.2 Time Duration and Spectral Width 1124
A.3 Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform 1128
Reading List 1131
B LINEAR SYSTEMS 1132
B.1 One-Dimensional Linear Systems 1132
B.2 Two-Dimensional Linear Systems 1135
Reading List 1136
C MODES OF LINEAR SYSTEMS 1137
SYMBOLS AND UNITS 1142
AUTHORS 1159
INDEX 1161