Suggested Reading 7
Author＇s Foreword 8
General Introduction 9
BERNARD LE BOVIER DE FONTENELLE (1657-1757) 21
Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686) 22
The History of Oracles and the Cheats of the Pagan Priests (1687) 30
PIERRE BAYLE (1647-1706) 34
Miscellaneous Thoughts on the Comet (1682) 35
Philosophical Commentary on the Words of Jesus Christ：Compel Them to Come In (1686-1687) 41
FRANCOIS SALIGNAC DE LA MOTHE-FENELON (1651-1715) 45
Letter to Louis ⅩⅣ (1694) 45
VOLTAIRE [FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET] (1694-1778) 52
Letters Concerning the English Nation (1733) 53
Later Economical Reflections 78
CHARLES LOUIS DE SECONDAT，BARON DE LA BREDE ET DE MONTESQUIEU (1689-1755) 83
Persian Letters (1721) 84
Persian Letters (letters no．83，85) 86
The Spirit of Laws (1748) 89
Of Laws Directly Derived from the Nature of Government 91
Of the Principles of the Three Kinds of Government 95
Of the Laws that Form Political Liberty，in Relation to the Subject 112
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778) 121
A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (1755) 122
The Social Contract (1762) 142
The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right 144
Emile：A Treatise on Education (1762) 161
Emile (selection from Bk．Ⅱ) 162
Emile (selection from Bk．Ⅲ) 165
JULIEN OFFRAY DE LA METTRIE (1709-1751) 168
Man a Machine (1747) 168
JEAN LE ROND D＇ALEMBERT (1717-1783) 178
Preliminary Discourse of the Encyclopedia (1751) 179
CLAUDE ADRIEN HELVETTUS (1715-1771) 185
On the Mind (1759) 185
PAUL HENRI THIRY，BARON D＇HOLBACH (1723-1789) 192
Universal Morality (1776) 192
Common Sense (1772) 194
DENIS DIDEROT (1713-1784) 198
The Philosophy of Science 199
Thoughts on the Interpretation of Nature (1754) 200
Conversations Between D＇Alembert and Diderot (1769) 202
D＇Alembert＇s Dream 212
Elements of Physiology 214
Apologue of the Young Mexican (1777) 215
Political Observations 217
Letters of Sophie Volland 220
VOLTAIRE [FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET] (1694-1778) 233
Social and Political Ideas 234
André Destouches in Siam 239
Dialogues Between A，B，and C (1768) 245
A Letter to Jean Jacques Rousseau (1755) 247
Concerning the Horrible Danger of Reading 255
Philosophical and Religious Ideas 258
Treatise on Toleration (1763) 267
Miscellanies 272
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789) 284