SECTION Ⅷ PARASITIC DISEASES 1
Chapter 87 GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF MAN＆LEE S．MONROE 3
INTRODUCTION:IMPORTANCE OF THE PROBLEM 5
INTESTINAL PROTOZOA 5
Amebas 5
Flagellates 5
Coccidia 8
Ciliates 8
INTESTINAL HELMINTHS 9
Nematodes 9
Cestodes 22
Trematodes 31
Acanthocephala 37
TECHNIQUES OF EXAMINATION FOR INTESTINAL PARASITES 38
THERAPY OF INTESTINAL PARASITISM 41
Chapter 88 THE SCHISTOSOMIASES＆T．FIGUEIREDO MENDES 52
DEFINITION 53
HISTORY 53
MEDICAL IMPORTANCE 53
SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI 54
SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA 72
SCHISTOSOMIASIS HAEMATOBIA 77
SECTION Ⅸ THE LIVER 85
Chapter 89 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE LIVER＆HARRIS R．CLEARFIELD 87
Part Ⅰ Anatomy of the liver 88
Part Ⅱ Physiology of the Liver 99
HEPATECTOMY AND REGENERATION 99
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AND THE LIVER 100
PROTEIN METABOLISM AND THE LIVER 103
LIPID METABOLISM AND THE LIVER 105
BILE 109
ALCOHOL METABOLISM 111
STEROID HORMONE METABOLISM AND THE LIVER 113
COAGULATION FACTORS AND THE LIVER 114
DETOXIFICATION MECHANISMS 116
Chapter 90 ANOMALIES OF THE LIVER＆HARRIS R．CLEARFIELD 124
Chapter 91 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES IN THE EVALUATION OF HEPATIC DISEASE 129
Part Ⅰ Liver Function Tests and Other Diagnostic Procedures＆EDWIN M．COHN 129
LIVER FUNCTION TESTS 131
Tests Based on Bilirubin Metabolism 131
Tests Based on Protein Metabolism 135
Tests Based on Carbohydrate Metabolism 147
Tests Based on Lipid Metabolism 148
Tests Based on Detoxification 150
Dye Excretion Tests 150
Tests Based on Serum Enzyme Determinations 156
Serum Iron 162
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES 163
Liver Biopsy 163
Vascular Procedures 167
Portal Venography 167
Measurement of Portal Venous Pressure 173
Hepatic Vein Catheterization 174
Hemagglutination Test in Hepatic Disease 175
SUMMARY 176
Part Ⅱ Radioisotope Visualization of the Liver＆EMANUEL G．TULSKY 178
Chapter 92 JAUNDICE:METABOLISM OF BILIRUBIN:PATHOGENESIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF JAUNDICE＆HENRY J．TUMEN 191
METABOLISM OF BILIRUBIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES 191
PATHOGENESIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF JAUNDICE 200
Chapter 93 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF JAUNDICE＆EDWIN O．POLISH 208
Chapter 94 JAUNDICE OF HEMOLYTIC ORIGIN＆LAWRENCE H．BEIZER 221
Chapter 95 OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE＆LEROY H．STAHLGREN 233
Chapter 96 VIRAL HEPATITIS＆HENRY J．TUMEN and EDWIN M．COHN 245
HISTORICAL NOTE 246
ETIOLOGY 246
EPIDEMIOLOGY 248
INCUBATION PERIOD 253
CLINICAL FEATURES 254
ACUTE (ICTERIC) VIRAL HEPATITIS 254
CHOLESTATIC HEPATITIS 258
NONICTERIC VIRAL HEPATITIS 258
FULMINANT HEPATITIS 259
VIRAL HEPATITIS IN PREGNANCY 260
NEONATAL AND INFANTILE HEPATITIS 261
LUPOID HEPATITIS 262
DIAGNOSIS 263
PROGNOSIS 265
PROPHYLAXIS 267
TREATMENT 270
Chapter 97 ACUTE LIVER INJURY INDUCED BY CHEMICALS AND DRUGS＆WILLIAM S．HAUBRICH 277
TYPES OF ACUTE LIVER INJURY 278
CLINICAL FEATURES 281
DIAGNOSIS 282
TREATMENT 283
PROGNOSIS 284
EXEMPLI GRATIA 285
True hepatotoxins 285
Hypersensitivity Reactions 286
Miscellaneous Adverse Reactions 288
CHECKLIST OF POTENTIALLY INJURIOUS SUBSTANCES 290
Chapter 98 CIRRHOSIS＆HENRY J．TUMEN and EDWIN M．COHN 299
HISTORY 301
DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION 302
Portal Cirrhosis 304
Postnecrotic Cirrhosis 304
Biliary Cirrhosis 304
ETIOLOGY 304
PATHOGENESIS 311
PATHOLOGY 312
STATISTICAL FEATURES 313
CLINICAL FEATURES 314
ASCITES 315
HYDROTHORAX 321
EDEMA 322
RENAL DISTURBANCES IN CIRRHOSIS 322
JAUNDICE 324
SKIN LESIONS 325
ENDOCRINE DISTURBANCES IN CIRRHOSIS 326
CARDIOVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES IN CIRRHOSIS 328
HEMATOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES IN CIRRHOSIS 329
PEPTIC ULCER 332
MISCELLANEOUS CLINICAL FEATURES OF CIRRHOSIS 333
PHYSICAL FINDINGS IN CIRRHOSIS 335
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES 336
TREATMENT 336
CAUSES OF DEATH AND PROGNOSIS 344
PORTAL HYPERTENSION 345
HEPATIC COMA 364
＂PRIMARY＂BILIARY CIRRHOSIS 378
Chapter 99 HEMOCHROMATOSIS＆J．EDWARD BERK and ROBERT J．PRIEST 403
CLASSIFICATION 404
PREVALENCE 404
ETIOLOGY 404
PATHOLOGY 408
CLINICAL FEATURES 412
LABORATORY FINDINGS 413
DIAGNOSIS 414
COMPLICATIONS 415
TREATMENT 416
PROGNOSIS 417
Chapter 100 PERIHEPATITIS AND CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS＆MAURICE MENSH and ROLAND W．BANKS 420
ACUTE PERIHEPATITIS 420
ACUTE GONOCOCCAL PERIHEPATITIS 421
CHRONIC PERIHEPATITIS 423
CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS (PICK＇S SYNDROME) 425
Chapter 101 DISEASES OF THE HEPATIC BLOOD VESSELS＆CHARLES A．JONES 428
DISEASES OF THE HEPATIC ARTERY 429
DISEASES OF THE HEPATIC VEINS 435
DISEASES OF THE PORTAL VEIN 441
CRUVEILHIER-BAUMGARTEN SYNDROME 452
Chapter 102 SPECIFIC INFECTIONS OF THE LIVER 460
Part Ⅰ Syphilis，Tuberculosis，and Actinomycosis＆B．WISSMER 461
Part Ⅱ Weil＇s Disease (Leptospirosis)＆F．VILARDELL 473
Chapter 103 PYOGENIC (NONAMEBIC) ABSCESS OF THE LIVER＆JOHN H．WILLARD 487
Chapter 104 TUMORS OF THE LIVER＆J．EDWARD BERK and ROBERT J．PRIEST 502
BENIGN TUMORS 503
MALIGNANT TUMORS 506
Primary Malignant Tumors 506
Metastatic Tumors 517
THE LIVER IN HODGKIN＇S DISEASE 522
LEUKEMIC AND OTHER HEPATIC INFILTRATIONS 524
Chapter 105 NONPARASITIC CYSTS OF THE LIVER＆J．EDWARD BERK and ROBERT J．PRIEST 530
Chapter 106 METABOLIC DISORDERS AND THE LIVER＆V．TACHDJIAN 539
GLYCOGENOSIS (Von Gierke＇s Disease，Glycogen Storage Disease，Hepatonephromegalia Glycogenica) 539
GALACTOSEMIA 543
AMYLOID DISEASE 545
THE LIPIDOSES 548
Gaucher＇s Disease (Reticular and Histiocytic Cerebrosidosis) 548
Niemann-Pick Disease (Reticular and Histiocytic Sphingomyelosis) 550
Histiocytosis X (Hand-Schüller-Christian Disease，Letterer-Siwe Disease，and Eosinophilic Granuloma 551
THE LIVER IN DIABETES MELLITUS 553
THE LIVER IN DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND 556
SECTION Ⅹ AFFECTIONS OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS 565
Chapter 107 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS＆MAURICE M．ROTHMAN 567
Chapter 108 ANOMALIES OF THE GALLBLADDER，BILE DUCTS，AND THEIR BLOOD VESSELS＆MAURICE M．ROTHMAN 590
ANOMALIES OF THE GALLBLADDER 591
MALPOSITION OF THE GALLBLADDER 598
AGENESIS OF THE GALLBLADDER 599
MISCELLANEOUS ANOMALIES OF THE GALLBLADDER 599
ANOMALIES AND ABNORMALITIES OF THE COMMON BILE DUCT 600
OTHER ANOMALIES OF THE BILE DUCTS 601
ANOMALIES OF THE BLOOD VESSELS 606
Chapter 109 DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES IN AFFECTIONS OF GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS 609
INTRODUCTION 610
Part Ⅰ Roentgen Examination of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts＆PHILIP J．HODES 611
HISTORICAL DATA 611
SURVEY ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION 612
ORAL CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY 618
CHOLANGIOGRAPHY 637
Part Ⅱ Biliary Drainage Procedures and Other Laboratory Aids 655
DIAGNOSTIC DUODENAL DRAINAGE OF THE BILIARY TRACT (Meltzer-Lyon Technique) 655
TIMED BILIARY DRAINAGE 664
CHOLECYSTOKININ BILIARY DRAINAGE AND COMBINED SECRETIN-CHOLECYSTOKININ TEST 665
SODIUM DEHYDROCHOLATE TEST 668
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF DUODENAL DRAINAGE PROCEDURES 668
OTHER LABORATORY AIDS 671
Chapter 110 MOTOR DISORDERS OF THE BILIARY TRACT (DYSKINESIA，DYSTONIA，DYSSYNERGIA)＆GERALDO SIFFERT 681
Chapter 111 ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS，GALLBLADDER FERFORATION，EMPHYSEMATOUS CHOLECYSTITIS，GALLBLADDER TORSION，AND BILE PERITONITIS＆J．EDWARD BERK and LEE S．MONROE 700
Part Ⅰ Acute Cholecystitis 701
ACUTE FREE PERFORATION OF THE GALLBLADDER 712
Part Ⅱ Emphysematous Cholecystitis 713
Part Ⅲ Torsion of the Gallbladder 716
Part Ⅳ Bile Peritonitis 719
Chapter 112 ALITHIASIC CHOLECYSTOPATHIES，CHRONIC NONCALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS，AND CYSTIC DUCT SYNDROME 731
Part Ⅰ Alithiasic Cholecystopathies and Chronic Noncalculous Cholecystitis＆GERALDO SIFFERT 732
Part Ⅱ Cystic Duct Syndrome＆FRANZ GOLDSTEIN 740
Chapter 113 CHOLELITHIASIS 746
MILD OF CALCIUM BILE 777
Chapter 114 CHOLESTEROSIS OF THE GALLBLADDER＆J．WARREN HUNDLEY 783
Chapter 115 CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS＆J．EDWARD BERK and ALLAN A．KAPLAN 790
Chapter 116 TUMORS OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS＆EDWIN M．COHN 811
BENIGN TUMORS OF THE GALLBLADDER 811
PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER 813
METASTATIC TUMORS OF THE GALLBLADDER 818
SARCOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER 818
BENIGN TUMORS OF THE BILE DUCTS 819
PRIMARY MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS 820
Chapter 117 CHOLANGITIS＆BERNARD WISSMER 827
Chapter 118 ORGANIC ACQUIRED STRICTURE OF BILE DUCTS＆J．WARREN HUNDLEY 837
PRIMARY INFLAMMATORY STRICTURE 838
STRICTURE SECONDARY TO CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS 839
POSTOPERATIVE OR TRAUMATIC STRICTURE 839
Chapter 119 BILIARY FISTULAS:RUPTURE OF BILE DUCTS WITH FREE PERITONITIS＆JOHN H．WILLARD 850
BILIARY FISTULAS 850
Spontaneous Internal Biliary Fistula 851
Spontaneous External Biliary Fistula 858
Postoperative External Biliary Fistula 859
RUPTURE OF BILE DUCT WITH FREE PERITONITIS 861
Chapter 120 SYMPTOMS AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY (POSTCHOLECYSTECTOMY SYNDROME) 865
INTRODUCTION 865
SYMPTOMS UNRELATED TO SURGERY 866
POSTOPERATIVE SEQUELAE 868
FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE BILIARY TRACT (Dyssynergia，Dyskinesia，Dystonia) 871
SECTION Ⅺ THE PANCREAS 875
Chapter 121 EMBRYOLOGY，ANATOMY，AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PANCREAS＆I．J．PINCUS 877
Chapter 122 ANOMALIES OF THE PANCREAS＆I．J．PINCUS 888
Chapter 123 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES IN THE STUDY OF PANCREATIC DISORDERS 892
Part Ⅰ Laboratory Procedures＆H．L．BOCKUS，M．S．LOPUSNIAK，and V．TACHDJIAN 893
TESTS FOR PANCREATIC ENZYMES IN THE BLOOD 893
TESTS FOR PANCREATIC ENZYMES IN THE URINE 905
TESTS FOR PANCREATIC SECRETION VIA DUODENAL INTUBATION 906
EXAMINATION OF THE FECES 914
CARBOHYDRATE TESTS 916
OTHER TESTS FOR ALTERATION OF DIGESTIVE CAPACITY AND MISCELLANY 916
CHOICE OF TESTS 916
Part Ⅱ X-Ray Investigation of the Pancreas＆GEORGE N．STEIN 917
INFLAMMATORY INVOLVEMENT 917
TUMORS AND CYSTS 919
OPERATIVE PANCREATOGRAPHY 925
ISOTOPE SCANNING 931
Chapter 124 ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS OF THE PANCREAS＆I．J．PINCUS 937
HISTORICAL REVIEW 937
EMBRYOLOGY OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS 938
HISTOLOGY OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS 938
ALPHA CELL AND GLUCAGON 938
BETA CELL AND INSULIN 941
GAMMA AND DELTA CELL 942
HYPOGLYCEMIA 942
Chapter 125 ACUTE PANCREATITIS 949
PATHOGENESIS 951
ETIOLOGY 955
CLINICAL FEATURES 961
DIAGNOSTIC AIDS 963
THE DIAGNOSIS 967
THERAPY 969
COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELAE 973
PROGNOSIS 975
Edema vs．Necrosis 976
PREVENTION OF RECURRENCES 976
Chapter 126 PANCREATIC INJURIES，POSTOPERATIVE PANCREATITIS AND PANCREATIC FISTULAS＆JOSE MARTINS JOB 983
PANCREATIC INJURIES 983
POSTOPERATIVE PANCREATITIS 986
PANCREATIC FISTULAS 989
Chapter 127 CHRONIC PANCREATITIS，RELAPSING PANCREATITIS，PANCREATIC LITHIASIS，AND CALCIFICATION OF PANCREAS＆ALEXANDER RUSH and H．L．BOCKUS 998
Chapter 128 TUBERCULOSIS AND SYPHILIS OF THE PANCREAS＆ALEXANDER RUSH 1018
Chapter 129 TUMORS OF THE PANCREAS＆J．EDWARD BERK and WILLIAM S．HAUBRICH 1021
CLASSIFICATION 1022
TUMORS OF EXOCRINE ORIGIN 1022
Benign Adenomas 1022
Adenocarcinomas 1023
TUMORS OF ENDOCRINE ORIGIN 1037
Insulin-Producing Islet Cell Tumors 1037
Islet Cell Tumors Associated With Gastric Hypersecretion (Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome) 1041
Other Islet Cell Tumors 1044
NONEPITHELIAL TUMORS 1044
Chapter 130 CYSTS OF THE PANCREAS＆J．EDWARD BERK and WILLIAM S．HAUBRICH 1052
Chapter 131 CYSTIC FIBROSIS＆G．J．BARBERO 1064
SECTION Ⅻ SECONDARY AFFECTIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND MISCELLANY 1077
Chapter 132 PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION AND DISEASE＆HOWARD P．ROME and THOMAS L．BRANNICK 1079
ROLE OF GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 1079
THE SOMATOPSYCHIC THESIS 1081
THE PSYCHOSOMATIC THESIS 1081
ORAL EXPRESSIONS OF BEHAVIOR 1085
ANOREXIA NERVOSA 1086
GLOBUS HYSTERICUS AND ALLIED NEUROSES 1087
PEPTIC ULCER 1088
THE IRRITABLE COLON 1089
CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS 1090
THE PROBLEM OF PAIN 1093
THE＂-OSTOMY＂PATIENT 1095
PSYCHOLOGIC PREPARATION FOR SURGERY 1097
PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF TREATMENT 1100
Chapter 133 ORIENTATION AND MECHANISM OF FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS;CLINICOPHYSIOLOGIC CORRELATION 1108
INTERRELATIONSHIP OF SYMPTOM PATTERNS IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DERANGEMENTS 1109
MECHANISM OF THE SO-CALLED FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS 1110
THE FUTURE OF ORIENTATION OF FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS 1115
COMMON FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT 1116
CLINICAL ORIENTATION 1116
Chapter 134 INTIMATIONS OF AUTOIMMUNITY IN DIGESTIVE DISEASES＆WILLIAM S．HAUBRICH 1119
Chapter 135 GASTROINTESTINAL ALLERGY＆MERLE M．MILLER and EDMUND L．KEENEY 1131
Chapter 136 COLLAGEN DISEASES AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM＆WILLIAM S．HAUBRICH 1151
SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (Scleroderma) 1152
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS 1155
PERIARTERITIS NODOSA 1156
DERMATOMYOSITIS 1159
Chapter 137 INTERRELATIONSHIP OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS＆SAMUEL BELLET 1163
INNERVATION OF THE HEART AND OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 1163
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS SIMULATING HEART DISEASE 1164
INDIRECT EFFECTS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCES ON THE HEART 1165
COEXISTENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE 1166
HEART DISEASE LEADING TO GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCES 1167
CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS WITH SECONDARY GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS 1168
CARDIAC DRUGS AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 1169
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEART AND GALLBLADDER DISEASE 1169
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ABDOMINAL VS．MYOCARDIAL CATASTROPHE 1171
Chapter 138 ABDOMINAL VASCULAR DISEASE＆PAUL NEMIR，JR． 1174
ANEURYSMS 1174
OCCLUSIVE DISEASE 1181
ABDOMINAL APOPLEXY 1183
Chapter 139 ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ABDOMINAL DISEASE＆STANLEY BAUM 1186
TECHNIQUE OF PERCUTANEOUS SELECTIVE VISCERAL ARTERIOGRAPHY 1187
INDICATIONS AND SELECTION OF PATIENTS 1189
NORMAL ARTERIOGRAM 1189
DISEASE PROCESSES 1191
ARTERIAL MALFORMATIONS AND ANEURYSMS 1213
MESENTERIC ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCY AND OCCLUSION 1213
NEOPLASM OF THE STOMACH，SMALL BOWEL，AND COLON 1221
CONCLUSION 1221
Chapter 140 GASTROINTESTINAL-ENDOCRINAL RELATIONSHIPS 1230
Part Ⅰ Thyroid，Parathyroid，and Pancreas＆C．R．TITTLE，JR． 1231
Part Ⅱ Gonads＆A．E．RAKOFF 1243
Part Ⅲ Pituitary and Adrenals＆DENIS M．ABELSON 1247
Chapter 141 DERMATOLOGIC GASTROINTESTINAL RELATIONSHIPS＆M．H．SAMITZ 1259
AVITAMINOSES 1261
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS RESPONSIBLE FOR OR OCCURRING IN ASSOCIATION WITH SKIN MANIFESTATIONS 1264
Stomach and Intestines 1264
Hepatobiliary Tract 1267
Pancreas 1272
Malignant Neoplasms 1272
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 1273
CONCOMITANT INVOLVEMENT OF SKIN AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN SYSTEMIC DISEASE 1277
Connective Tissue Diseases 1277
Metabolic Disorders 1279
Necrotizing Angiitides 1282
Pigmentary Disorders 1283
Sarcoidosis 1285
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica 1286
Chapter 142 DIGESTIVE SYMPTOMS AND GENITOURINARY AFFECTIONS＆JOHANNES F．PESSEL 1291
Chapter 143 FOOD POISONING＆HENRY WALTER，JR． 1301
MICROBIAL FOOD POISONING 1302
Botulism 1302
Staphylococcic Food Poisoning 1305
Streptococcic Food Poisoning 1307
Clostridium Perfringens Food Poisoning 1307
Bacillus Cereus Food Poisoning 1307
CHEMICAL POISONING 1308
POISONING FROM ANIMALS AND PLANTS 1309
Mushroom Poisoning (Mycetismus) 1309
Favism 1310
Shellfish Poisoning 1310
Fish Poisoning (Ichthyosarcotoxism) 1311
Milk Poisoning 1312
Ergotism 1312
Water Hemlock (Cicuta Maculata) 1312
Rhubarb 1312
INDEX 1317