Chapter One 1
WOUND HEALING＆In collaboration with J．Englebert Dunphy,M．D． 1
Chapter Two 22
WOUND MANAGEMENT 22
Chapter Three 47
GRAFTING AND SUBSTITUTION＆In collaboration with Richard E．Wilson,M．D．,and Joseph E．Murray,M．D． 47
Chapter Four 74
THE SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF TRAUMA＆In collaboration with Francis D．Moore,M．D． 74
Chapter Five 100
VISCERAL DISEASE IN SURGICAL PATIENTS 100
Gastrointestinal Tract 100
Respiratory Tract 126
Cardiovascular System 139
Liver 145
Endocrine System 149
Urinary Tract 158
Coagulation Mechanism 166
Chapter Six 176
THERAPY:ENTERAL AND PARENTERAL＆In collaboration with Francis D．Moore,M．D． 176
Chapter Seven 203
BURNS＆In collaboration with Francis D．Moore,M．D． 203
Chapter Eight 221
INFECTIONS 221
Chapter Nine 251
TUMORS 251
Chapter Ten 276
ANESTHESIA＆In collaboration with Leroy D．Vandam,M．D． 276
Chapter Eleven 314
THE BRAIN＆Contributed by William H．Sweet,M．D． 314
Chapter Twelve 370
THE SPINAL CORD＆Contributed by Donald D．Matson,M．D． 370
Chapter Thirteen 403
THE PERIPHERAL NERVES＆Contributed by Donald D．Matson,M．D． 403
Chapter Fourteen 420
PAIN＆Contributed by James C．White,M．D． 420
Chapter Fifteen 442
THE EYE＆Contributed by Garrett L．Sullivan,M．D． 442
Chapter Sixteen 472
THE EAR＆Contributed by Donald K．Lewis,M．D． 472
Chapter Seventeen 498
THE NOSE,SINUSES,AND NASOPHARYNX＆Contributed by John R．Richardson,M．D． 498
Chapter Eighteen 518
THE PHARYNX,HYPOPHARYNX,AND LARYNX＆Contributed by George F．Reed,M．D． 518
Chapter Nineteen 542
THE FACE,MOUTH,AND JAWS＆Contributed by Joseph E．Murray,M．D． 542
Chapter Twenty 563
THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID＆Contributed by Oliver Cope,M．D． 563
The Thyroid 563
The Parathyroid 581
Chapter Twenty-One 598
CHEST WALL,LUNGS,AND MEDIASTINUM＆Contributed by J．Gordon Scannell,M．D． 598
Chapter Twenty-Two 650
THE HEART 650
Chapter Twenty-Three 691
THE ESOPHAGUS AND DIAPHRAGM＆Contributed by George L．Nardi,M．D． 691
The Esophagus 691
The Diaphragm 710
Chapter Twenty-Four 717
THE BREAST＆Contributed by Andrew G．Jessiman,M．D． 717
Chapter Twenty-Five 744
THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND THE ACUTE ABDOMEN＆Contributed by Francis D．Moore,M．D． 744
Chapter Twenty-Six 824
LIVER,BILIARY TRACT,PANCREAS,AND SPLEEN＆Contributed by William V．McDermott,M．D． 824
Liver 824
Biliary Tract 840
Pancreas 852
Spleen 867
Chapter Twenty-Seven 879
HERNIA AND THE ABDOMINAL WALL 879
Chapter Twenty-Eight 901
THE GENITOURINARY TRACT AND ADRENALS＆Contributed by J．Hartwell Harrison,M．D． 901
Genitourinary Tract 901
Adrenal Gland 948
Chapter Twenty-Nine 960
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT＆Contributed by Somers H．Sturgis,M．D． 960
Chapter Thirty 1002
ARTERIES,VEINS,AND LYMPHATICS 1002
Arteries 1005
Veins 1038
Lymphatics 1048
Chapter Thirty-One 1058
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM＆Contributed by William T．Green,M．D．,and Mihran O．Tachdjian,M．D． 1058
Orthopedic Principles and Methods 1058
Congenital Deformities 1075
Bone 1087
Joints 1121
Muscles,Tendons,Bursae,and the Neuromuscular System 1143
The Hand 1166
The Spine and Pelvis 1189
The Foot 1199
Chapter Thirty-Two 1217
FRACTURES,DISLOCATIONS,AND SPRAINS＆Contributed by Thomas B．Quigley,M．D． 1217
Chapter Thirty-Three 1267
EXTENSIVE TRAUMA 1267
Chapter Thirty-Four 1283
NEONATAL SURGERY＆Contributed by W．Hardy Hendren,M．D． 1283
INDEX OF NAMES 1347
INDEX OF SUBJECTS 1365
List of Jllustrations 3
Figure 1．Granulation tissue 3
Figure 2．Rate of epithelization 4
Figure 3．Gillman＇s concept of epithelial migration 5
Figure 4．Wound contraction 6
Figure 5．Hexosamine,chondroitin sulfate and collagen formation in the healing wound 9
Figure 6．Tensile strength of experimental wounds in different tissues 10
Figure 7．Structural process of bone healing 12
Figure 8．Wallerian degeneration 12
Figure 9．Effect of methionine on wounds in protein-starved rats 16
Figure 10．Keloid formation 18
Figure 11．Types of wound 25
Figure 12．Cavitation in missile tract 26
Figure 13．Contrecoup trauma 26
Figure 14．Wound excision 29
Figure 15．Delayed primary closure 30
Figure 16．Secondary closure 32
Figure 17．Methods of suturing certain tissues 36
Figure 18．Z-plasty 38
Figure 19．Skin grafts 40
Figure 20．Pedicle flap 41
Figure 21．One type of dressing for a skin graft 43
Figure 22．Dressing technique 44
Figure 23．The transplanted kidney in situ 50
Figure 24．Immunologic principles of skin homograft rejection in man 52
Figure 25．Demonstration of＂cell-bound＂antibodies 57
Figure 26．Acquired tolerance and-adoptive immunity 59
Figure 27．Homograft rejection reaction 60
Figure 28．The millipore filter chamber in vivo 64
Figure 29．Homograft take in irradiated rabbit 65
Figure 30．Closed elective soft tissue operation of moderate severity 76
Figure 31．Nitrogen balance,caloric intake,and weight following trauma 77
Figure 32．Weight-curves in several settings 80
Figure 33．Alterations in coagulation factors postoperatively 82
Figure 34．Varying degrees of trauma 85
Figure 35．Activation of volume conservation 86
Figure 36．The various stages of progression of shock 90
Figure 37．Factors affecting contractility and irritability in heart and artery 96
Figure 38．Effect of definitive operation on severe injury 96
Figure 39．Blood supply to the intestinal wall 103
Figure 40．Sites of fluid loss in intestinal obstruction 103
Figure 41．Visible peristalsis 107
Figure 42．Distribution of gas shadows in small and large intestinal obstruction 109
Figure 43．Intestinal intubation 110
Figure 44．Two forms of small bowel obstruction 112
Figure 45．Duodenal fistula 118
Figure 46．Appearance of experimental starvation 120
Figure 47．Lung volumes 127
Figure 48．Emphysema and barrel chest 130
Figure 49．Relationship of vital capacity to maximum breathing capacity 131
Figure 50．Estimate of＂operative risk＂on the basis of pulmonary function 132
Figure 51．Cardiorespiratory factors associated with operation 133
Figure 52．Causes of retained secretions 134
Figure 53．Effects of tracheostomy on ventilatory factors 136
Figure 54．Intermittent positive pressure breathing with tracheostomy 137
Figure 55．Electrocardiographic evidence of changes in serum potassium 141
Figure 56．Some cardiac arrhythmias occurring after operation 143
Figure 57．Hepatic failure 147
Figure 58．Adrenocortical steroids 149
Figure 59．Adrenal failure 152
Figure 60．Arterial calcification in the diabetic 156
Figure 61．Pathogenesis of renal failure 161
Figure 62．Calcific embolus to kidney 162
Figure 63．Acute renal failure 162
Figure 64．The artificial kidney 164
Figure 65．The coagulation mechanism 170
Figure 66．Fibrinolytic purpura 171
Figure 67．Intravenous infusion－special techniques 178
Figure 68．Plasma storage 186
Figure 69．Processing of blood for frozen storage 192
Figure 70．Major group crossmatching of blood 193
Figure 71．Flow sheet of safe transfusion 195
Figure 72．Deterioration of blood in the bank 196
Figure 73．Classification of burns according to depth 204
Figure 74．The Rule of Nines 205
Figure 75．Body composition in burns 207
Figure 76．Major burns － weight changes 209
Figure 77．Exposure treatment of the burn wound 213
Figure 78．Metabolic events after an extensive burn 217
Figure 79．Fourth degree burns 218
Figure 80．Loss of function due to infection 227
Figure 81．Fluctuation 230
Figure 82．Testing of sensitivity of organism to antibacterial drugs 232
Figure 83．Carbuncle 234
Figure 84．Four types of temperature chart 236
Figure 85．Pseudomembranous enterocolitis 237
Figure 86．Tetanus 240
Figure 87．Modern autoclave 245
Figure 88．Effect of scrubbing on the bacteria count 246
Figure 89．Experimental cancer 253
Figure 90．Avenues of spread of cancer 255
Figure 91．Classification of grade of cancer 257
Figure 92．Types of biopsy 259
Figure 93．Papanicolaou vaginal smears 260
Figure 94．Radiation dermatitis 265
Figure 95．Radiotherapy of lymphoma 267
Figure 96．Limb perfusion 271
Figure 97．Local infiltration and field block 282
Figure 98．Nerve block 283
Figure 99．Spinal anesthesia 284
Figure 100．Anesthesia machine 286
Figure 101．Endotracheal intubation 287
Figure 102．Static electricity 293
Figure 103．Hypothermia induced by refrigerated blankets 296
Figure 104．Pump oxygenator 298
Figure 105．Signs and stages of anesthesia 305
Figure 106．Cardiac massage (manual systole) 308
Figure 107．Artificial respiration 310
Figure 108．Paravertebral lumbar block 311
Figure 109．Papilledema 316
Figure 110．Herniations of the brain 317
Figure 111．Sites of origin of motor,sensory,and psychic seizures 319
Figure 112．Loudness balance test 324
Figure 113．Changes in skull evoked by increased intracranial pressure 327
Figure 114．Electroencephalographic localization of focal intracranial lesion 328
Figure 115．Isotopic encephalography 330
Figure 116．Normal cerebral angiogram 331
Figure 117．Pneumoencephalogram 332
Figure 118．Ventriculoatriostomy and ventriculocisternostomy 335
Figure 119．Traumatic intracranial hematomas 338
Figure 120．Subdural hematoma 339
Figure 121．Glioblastoma multiforme 343
Figure 122．Craniopharyngioma 346
Figure 123．Acoustic neurinoma 348
Figure 124．Intracranial aneurysm 351
Figure 125．Arteriovenous malformation 353
Figure 126．Position for unconscious patient 362
Figure 127．Lumbar puncture 373
Figure 128．Cistern puncture 374
Figure 129．Spina bifida 376
Figure 130．Arnold-Chiari malformation 378
Figure 131．Preferred position for transporting patient with cervical spine injury 381
Figure 132．Compression fracture of vertebra 383
Figure 133．Fracture-dislocation of C4 and C5 384
Figure 134．Decubitus ulcers 386
Figure 135．Tidal drainage 387
Figure 136．Rehabilitation in paraplegia 388
Figure 137．Patient with ruptured intervertebral disc on left 391
Figure 138．Rupture of intervertebral lumbar disc－myelogram 392
Figure 139．Rupture of intervertebral cervical disc 394
Figure 140．Tumor of cauda equina 396
Figure 141．Extradural sarcoma 398
Figure 142．Radial nerve division above elbow 410
Figure 143．Median nerve division above elbow 410
Figure 144．Ulnar nerve division 411
Figure 145．Common peroneal nerve division 412
Figure 146．Tibial nerve division 412
Figure 147．Erb＇s palsy 414
Figure 148．Brachial plexus stretch injury 414
Figure 149．Posterior spinal root section 421
Figure 150．Retrogasserian rhizotomy by temporal approach 422
Figure 151．Sectioning trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves 423
Figure 152．Anterolateral cordotomy 424
Figure 153．The cardiac nerves 431
Figure 154．Upper thoracic sympathetic ganglionectomy 432
Figure 155．Dorsal and lumbar sympathetic ganglionectomy and splanchnicectomy 433
Figure 156．The globus oculi 445
Figure 157．Perforating wound of globe 449
Figure 158．Removal of intraocular foreign body 450
Figure 159．The eyelid 452
Figure 160．Chalazion 453
Figure 161．Basal cell carcinoma of lower lid 454
Figure 162．Pterygium 456
Figure 163．The lacrimal apparatus 458
Figure 164．Glaucoma 462
Figure 165．Cataract 464
Figure 166．Cataract extraction 465
Figure 167．Melanotic sacroma with associated detachment of the retina 466
Figure 168．Medial wall of tympanic cavity 474
Figure 169．Audiogram 478
Figure 170．Acute otitis media 483
Figure 171．Mastoiditis－x-ray 486
Figure 172．Endaural incisions 488
Figure 173．Mastoidectomy 488
Figure 174．Types of tympanoplasty 489
Figure 175．Fenestration operation before closing of cavity 492
Figure 176．Directional forces for mobilizing the stapes 493
Figure 177．Stapedectomy plus prosthetic replacement 494
Figure 178．External nose－structure and relationships 500
Figure 179．Nasal septum 502
Figure 180．Nasal septum － arterial blood supply 503
Figure 181．Posterior nasal plug 505
Figure 182．Lateral nasal wall 506
Figure 183．Lateral nasal wall 508
Figure 184．Coronal section through nose 509
Figure 185．Pathway of spread of infection from acute frontal sinusitis 510
Figure 186．Maxillary sinus 511
Figure 187．Pharyngeal abscesses － typical locations 521
Figure 188．Two views of the larynx 527
Figure 189．Technique of mirror laryngoscopy 527
Figure 190．Emergency tracheostomy 531
Figure 191．Chronic disorders of the larynx 534
Figure 192．Arytenoidectomy 536
Figure 193．Laryngocele 538
Figure 194．Laryngectomy 540
Figure 195．Distribution of cervical lymph nodes 544
Figure 196．Severe complete bilateral harelip 545
Figure 197．Prognathism 546
Figure 198．Hemangioma in a child 546
Figure 199．Macroglossia 547
Figure 200．Usual sites of fracture in the mandible 549
Figure 201．Usual fracture lines of mid-third of face 550
Figure 202．Facial expression lines 553
Figure 203．Malignant melanoma 554
Figure 204．Carcinoma of upper lip 555
Figure 205．Intraoral cancer 556
Figure 206．Metastatic epidemoid carcinoma in neck node 557
Figure 207．Mixed tumor of the parotid 560
Figure 208．The control of thyroid function 565
Figure 209．The motor nerves to the larynx 568
Figure 210．The postulated sequence in development of nodular goiter 574
Figure 211．Lymph node areas 577
Figure 212．Distribution of bony involvement in fibrous dysplasia of bone 588
Figure 213．Distribution of parathyroid glands 590
Figure 214．Water-clear cell hyperplasia 591
Figure 215．Chief-cell hyperplasia 591
Figure 216．Mediastinal parathyroid adenomas 594
Figure 217．Blood serum calcium and phosphorus levels 595
Figure 218．Surface landmarks of chest 600
Figure 219．Funnel chest 602
Figure 220．Pendulum air 604
Figure 221．Traumatic asphyxia 605
Figure 222．Subcutaneous emphysema 606
Figure 223．Two forms of closed chest drainage 607
Figure 224．Model simulating pleural pressures 611
Figure 225．Types of pneumothorax 612
Figure 226．Mechanical forces at play on a localized empyema cavity 613
Figure 227．Segmental anatomy of the lung 617
Figure 228．Lymphatic drainage of the lung 620
Figure 229．Emphysematous blebs and pneumothorax 622
Figure 230．Bronchographic anatomy and bronchiectasis 628
Figure 231．Tuberculosis of the lung 631
Figure 232．Radiologic manifestations of cancer of the lung 638
Figure 233．Distant metastases of cancer of the lung 639
Figure 234．Operability and survival after resection of cancer of lung 642
Figure 235．Neurofibroma of the mediastinum 645
Figure 236．Right heart catheterization 652
Figure 237．Left heart catheterization 652
Figure 238．Pressures and oxygen saturations of the blood in normal heart 653
Figure 239．Pulse contours and pressures in heart chambers 654
Figure 240．X-ray views of the heart 657
Figure 241．Fetal circulation 658
Figure 242．Patent ductus arteriosus unaccompanied by pulmonary arterial hypertension 659
Figure 243．Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary arterial hypertension 659
Figure 244．Heart of 10 mm．embryo 661
Figure 245．Interatrial septal defect 662
Figure 246．Interventricular septal defect of moderately large size 664
Figure 247．Pulmonic valvular stenosis with intact interventricular septum 666
Figure 248．Tetralogy of Fallot－moderate cyanosis 667
Figure 249．Tetralogy of Fallot－characteristic squatting position 667
Figure 250．Tetralogy of Fallot－available operative procedures 668
Figure 251．Congenital valvular aortic stenosis 669
Figure 252．Complete transposition of great arteries 670
Figure 253．Cardiac wound with tamponade 671
Figure 254．Mitral stenosis,moderately severe 672
Figure 255．Mitral stenosis 674
Figure 256．Calcific aortic stenosis 677
Figure 257．Aortic insufficiency 680
Figure 258．Aortic insufficiency 680
Figure 259．Coronary arteriosclerosis 684
Figure 260．Constrictive pericarditis 685
Figure 261．Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus 694
Figure 262．Development of a pharyngeal diverticulum 696
Figure 263．X-ray appearance of pharyngeal diverticulum 697
Figure 264．X-ray appearance of lower esophageal ring 698
Figure 265．Caustic stenosis 699
Figure 266．Types of esophageal reconstruction 700
Figure 267．Leiomyoma of the esophagus 701
Figure 268．Operative removal of leiomyoma of the esophagus 701
Figure 269．Carcinoma of esophagus,x-ray appearance 702
Figure 270．Esophagospasm 704
Figure 271．Gastritis and gastroesophageal reflux 706
Figure 272．Achalasia of the esophagus 707
Figure 273．The Heller procedure 708
Figure 274．Sliding hiatus hernia 711
Figure 275．Sliding hiatus hernia 711
Figure 276．Hormonal factors influencing the breast 719
Figure 277．Examination of the axilla 720
Figure 278．Physical signs of benign and malignant tumors 722
Figure 279．Drainage of breast abscess 724
Figure 280．Spread of breast cancer 729
Figure 281．Histologic types of breast carcinoma 730
Figure 282．Clinical stages 1 and 2 of breast carcinoma 733
Figure 283．Radical mastectomy 734
Figure 284．Operative field at the completion of dissection 735
Figure 285．Clinical stage 3 of breast carcinoma 737
Figure 286．Carcinoma of the stomach 752
Figure 287．Carcinoma of the stomach 754
Figure 288．Duodenal ulcer 756
Figure 289．Gastric outlet obstruction 759
Figure 290．Ulcer surgery in search of a rationale 763
Figure 291．The stomach as an＂osmotic shield＂ 768
Figure 292．Large benign gastric ulcer 770
Figure 293．Leiomyoma of the stomach 774
Figure 294．Duodenal polyp 774
Figure 295．Regional enteritis 777
Figure 296．Carcinoid of the small bowel 780
Figure 297．Acute appendicitis 784
Figure 298．Carcinoma of the colon in congenital polyposis 789
Figure 299．Lymphatics of the colon 793
Figure 300．Operations for carcinoma of the colon 794
Figure 301．Ulcerative colitis 799
Figure 302．Exteriorization of the gastrointestinal tract 801
Figure 303．Diverticulitis of the sigmoid 803
Figure 304．Anatomy of anus 807
Figure 305．Hemorrhoids 809
Figure 306．Perianal and perineal fistulas 811
Figure 307．Prolapse of the rectum and enterocele 813
Figure 308．The major types of portal cirrhosis 826
Figure 309．Pathogenesis of ascites 828
Figure 310．Ammonia metabolism 829
Figure 311．Arterial spider 830
Figure 312．Esophageal varices－x-ray 831
Figure 313．Splenoportography 832
Figure 314．Balloon tamponade of esophageal and gastric varices 832
Figure 315．Types of porto-systemic shunt 834
Figure 316．Relief of ascites by portacaval shunt 836
Figure 317．Bilirubin metabolism 841
Figure 318．Pathogenesis of acute cholecystitis 845
Figure 319．Common duct stones 847
Figure 320．Operative cholangiogram 849
Figure 321．Operations for pancreatitis 858
Figure 322．Carcinoma of head of the pancreas 860
Figure 323．Whipple operation (pancreaticoduodenal resection for cancer) 861
Figure 324．The surgical treatment of pseudocyst of the pancreas 863
Figure 325．Traumatic rupture of spleen 868
Figure 326．Platelet response to splenectomy 873
Figure 327．Sites of hernia 881
Figure 328．Sliding hernia 881
Figure 329．Varix simulating hernia 886
Figure 330．Some hernia repairs 889
Figure 331．Reduction of hernia by taxis 890
Figure 332．Incisional hernia 892
Figure 333．Interstitial hernia 892
Figure 334．Langer＇s lines of skin elasticity 895
Figure 335．Abdominal incisions 896
Figure 336．Polycystic disease 904
Figure 337．Horseshoe kidney 905
Figure 338．Ectopic pelvic kidney 905
Figure 339．Congenital hydronephrosis 906
Figure 340．Duplication of ureter and pelvis 907
Figure 341．Trauma to the kidney 909
Figure 342．Pyelonephritis 912
Figure 343．Renal cortical abscess 913
Figure 344．Bilateral urinary calculi 918
Figure 345．Renal carcinoma 920
Figure 346．Renal hypertension 924
Figure 347．Rupture of bladder 926
Figure 348．Lymphatic drainage of pelvic organs 928
Figure 349．Ruptured urethra 931
Figure 350．The hypertrophied prostate 933
Figure 351．Carcinoma of prostate with metastases 936
Figure 352．Hydrocele of tunica vaginalis 943
Figure 353．Torsion of spermatic cord 943
Figure 354．Tumor of the testis 946
Figure 355．Virilizing adrenal tumor 950
Figure 356．Hyperadrenocorticism 952
Figure 357．Common locations for pheochromocytoma 953
Figure 358．Catecholamines in pheochromocytoma 954
Figure 359．Congenital anomalies of the uterus 964
Figure 360．Ovarian dysgenesis 965
Figure 361．Female pseudohermaphroditism 966
Figure 362．Congenital eversion of the cervix 967
Figure 363．Retrodisplacement of the uterus 968
Figure 364．Pessaries for retrodisplacement 970
Figure 365．Acute bartholinitis 973
Figure 366．Monilia 975
Figure 367．Endocervical polyp 977
Figure 368．Multiple uterine fibroids 977
Figure 369．Calcified fibroid 978
Figure 370．Schiller test 979
Figure 371．Conization of the cervix 980
Figure 372．League of Nations staging of cancer of cervix 981
Figure 373．Operative specimen of Stage IV cancer of cervix removed by pelvic exenteration 982
Figure 374．Uterogram 982
Figure 375．Culdoscopy 984
Figure 376．The＂fern＂test 990
Figure 377．Stein-Leventhal syndrome 992
Figure 378．Cystic and adenomatous hyperplasia of endometrium 993
Figure 379．Endometriosis as seen at laparotomy 995
Figure 380．Raynaud＇s disease 1006
Figure 381．Skin temperatures in various states of sympathetic tone 1008
Figure 382．Frostbite 1010
Figure 383．Sources of arterial embolism 1012
Figure 384．Sites of arterial embolism 1013
Figure 385．Method of testing for oscillations 1014
Figure 386．Arterial contusion and spasm 1017
Figure 387．False aneurysm 1017
Figure 388．Coarctation of the aorta 1019
Figure 389．Arteriograms 1020
Figure 390．Arteriosclerotic gangrene of the forefoot 1021
Figure 391．Aortopopliteal bypass graft 1022
Figure 392．Stenosis of extracranial internal carotid artery 1024
Figure 393．Phlebitis migrans 1026
Figure 394．Levels of amputation 1029
Figure 395．The Syme amputation 1030
Figure 396．Initial prostheses for below knee and above knee amputations 1031
Figure 397．Abdominal aortic arteriosclerotic aneurysm 1032
Figure 398．Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta 1034
Figure 399．Arteriovenous fistula 1035
Figure 400．Venous circulation in normal and diseased legs 1040
Figure 401．Post-phlebitic syndrome 1041
Figure 402．Tests for function of the deep veins 1042
Figure 403．Superior vena caval syndrome 1043
Figure 404．Loose thrombus in femoral vein 1045
Figure 405．Pulmonary embolus 1047
Figure 406．Congenital lymphedema 1048
Figure 407．Elephantiasis 1049
Figure 408．Lymphangiography 1050
Figure 409．Testing for deformities 1061
Figure 410．Testing for range of motion 1063
Figure 411．Plaster of Paris body cast 1066
Figure 412．Two kinds of brace 1068
Figure 413．Russell traction 1069
Figure 414．Epiphyseal arrest 1071
Figure 415．Congenital muscular torticollis 1076
Figure 416．Sprengel＇s deformity 1077
Figure 417．Talipes equinovarus 1080
Figure 418．Congenital dislocation of left hip 1085
Figure 419．Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 1086
Figure 420．Wolff＇s law 1087
Figure 421．Deformity due to muscle action 1088
Figure 422．Growth prediction chart 1090
Figure 423．Epiphyseal injury 1091
Figure 424．Osteomyelitis 1093
Figure 425．Legg-Perthes disease 1097
Figure 426．Patten bottom brace 1097
Figure 427．Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 1099
Figure 428．Osteochondroma of the proximal tibia 1106
Figure 429．Giant cell tumor of the distal radius 1108
Figure 430．Solitary bone cyst 1109
Figure 431．Osteoid osteoma of the femur 1111
Figure 432．Eosinophilic granuloma of the illium 1112
Figure 433．Osteogenic sarcoma of the femur 1114
Figure 434．Ewing＇s sarcoma 1117
Figure 435．Metastatic carcinoma with pathological feature 1120
Figure 436．Pyogenic arthritis 1124
Figure 437．Pott＇s disease 1127
Figure 438．Tuberculosis of the hip 1127
Figure 439．Malum coxae senilis 1131
Figure 440．Internal derangement of the knee 1134
Figure 441．Tear of the medial meniscus 1136
Figure 442．Tear of the cruciate ligaments 1137
Figure 443．Tear of the medial collateral ligament 1138
Figure 444．Volkmann＇s contracture 1147
Figure 445．Calcareous tendonitis 1152
Figure 446．Poliomyelitis － myostatic contractures and fixed deformities 1155
Figure 447．Poliomyelitis － transplantation of peroneus longus tendon 1158
Figure 448．Poliomyelitis － varus deformity 1159
Figure 449．Poliomyelitis－pes planovalgus 1160
Figure 450．Birth palsy 1164
Figure 451．Correct incisions in the hand 1168
Figure 452．Splinting of the hand 1178
Figure 453．Felon 1179
Figure 454．Paronychia 1180
Figure 455．Dupuytren＇s contracture 1185
Figure 456．Posture 1189
Figure 457．Scoliosis 1191
Figure 458．Corsets and braces 1196
Figure 459．Pronated feet 1200
Figure 460．Hallux valgus (bunion) 1203
Figure 461．Types of fracture (open＂compound＂fracture) 1218
Figure 462．Types of fractures－transverse,comminuted,spiral,greenstick 1219
Figure 463．Types of fractures－impacted,compression 1219
Figure 464．The Thomas splint 1222
Figure 465．External skeletal fixation 1226
Figure 466．Fracture of the clavicle 1228
Figure 467．Fracture of the clavicle 1229
Figure 468．Acromioclavicular ligament injury 1230
Figure 469．Dislocation of the shoulder 1232
Figure 470．Fracture of the proximal humerus 1233
Figure 471．Fracture of the shaft of the humerus 1234
Figure 472．Myositis ossificans 1235
Figure 473．Fracture of humerus at elbow 1236
Figure 474．Fracture of the head of the radius 1237
Figure 475．Fracture of olecranon and elbow dislocation 1237
Figure 476．Monteggia fracture and shattered elbow 1238
Figure 477．Fracture of both bones of forearm 1239
Figure 478．Fracture of distal radial epiphysis 1240
Figure 479．Fracture of the scaphoid 1241
Figure 480．Colles＇ fracture 1242
Figure 481．Fracture of the metacarpals 1243
Figure 482．Fracture of the neck of the metacarpal 1244
Figure 483．Compression fracture of the lumbar spine 1246
Figure 484．Fracture of the pelvis 1247
Figure 485．Posterior dislocation of the hip 1249
Figure 486．Fracture of the hip 1251
Figure 487．Fracture of femur 1253
Figure 488．The effect of violent abduction on the knee 1254
Figure 489．Fracture of the patella 1255
Figure 490．Fracture of tibia and fibula 1257
Figure 491．Ankle injuries 1259
Figure 492．Micrognathia 1289
Figure 493．Cystic hygroma 1290
Figure 494．Bronchial compression 1292
Figure 495．Staphylococcal pneumonia 1293
Figure 496．Esophageal atresia and fistula 1295
Figure 497．Esophageal atresia－x-ray 1296
Figure 498．Diaphragmatic hernia 1298
Figure 499．Ileal atresia 1300
Figure 500．Esophageal stenosis 1300
Figure 501．Types of intestinal atresia 1303
Figure 502．Mikulicz resection technique 1305
Figure 503．Malrotation of the intestine 1307
Figure 504．Hirschsprung＇s disease 1309
Figure 505．Ileocecal duplication 1312
Figure 506．Inguinal hernia 1313
Figure 507．Pneumoperitoneum 1314
Figure 508．Large sacrococcygeal teratoma 1317
Figure 509．Torsion of ovarian cyst in newborn 1319
Figure 510．Large omphalocele 1326
Figure 511．Anatomy of adrenogenital syndrome 1332