Part Ⅰ Communication and Culture 1
Chapter 1 Intercultural Communication:Interaction in a Changing World 2
Importance of Intercultural Communication 2
The Quantity and Quality of Intercultural Contacts 3
International Contacts 3
Domestic Contacts 9
Approaching Intercultural Communication 15
The Content of Intercultural Communcation 15
A Philosophy of Intercultural Communication 16
Studying Intercultural Communication 17
Individualism 17
Objectivity 19
Preview of the Book 19
Summary 20
Activities 21
Discussion Ideas 21
Chapter 2 Communication and Culture:The Voice and the Echo 22
Defining Communication 22
Complexity of Communication 23
Intentional and Unintentional Behavior 23
Components of Communication 24
Characteristics of Communication 27
No Direct Mind-to-Mind Contact 27
We Can Only Infer 28
We Seek to Define the World 28
Communication Is Self-Reflective 29
The Brain Is an Open Sysrem 29
Communication Has a Consequence 30
We Are Alike and We Are Different 31
Understanding Culture 34
Basic Functions of Culture 34
Definitions of Culture 36
Characteristics of Culture 37
Intercultural Communication 48
A Definition of Intercultural Communication 48
Forms of Intercultural Communication 48
A Preview of Principles 51
Summary 52
Activities 53
Discussion Ideas 54
Part Ⅱ The Influence of Culture 55
Chapter 3 Cultural Diversity in Perception:Alternative Views of Reality 56
Understanding Perception 56
Culture and Perception 57
Beliefs 58
Values 60
Cultural Patterns 60
Dominant American Cultural Patterns 62
Diverse Cultural Patterns 65
Summary 85
Activities 86
Discussion Ideas 86
Chapter 4 The Deep Structure of Culture:Roots of Reality 87
World View 89
Religion as a World View 90
A Comparison of World Views 103
Family 105
Importance,Functions,and Types 105
Culture and Family 106
History 111
United States 112
African Americans 113
Jews 114
Russians 115
Chinese 116
Japanese 117
Summary 118
Activities 118
Discussion Ideas 118
Part Ⅲ From Theory to Practice 119
Chapter 5 Language and Culture:Words and Meanings 120
The Importance of Language 120
Language and Culture 122
Culture and Meaning 123
Culture and the Use of Language 125
Foreign Languages and Translation 131
Problems of Translation and Equivalence 132
Working with a Translator 134
Language Diversity in the United States 136
Argot 136
Co-Cultures and Language Use 139
Summary 144
Activities 145
Discussion Ideas 145
Chapter 6 Nonverbal Communication:The Messages of Action,Space,Time,and Silence 147
The Importance of Nonverbal Communication 147
Defining Nonverbal Communication 149
Functions of Nonverbal Communication 150
Repeating 150
Complementing 150
Substituting 150
Regulating 151
Contradicting 151
Nonverbal Communication:Guidelines and Limitations 151
Nonverbal Communication and Culture 152
Body Behavior 153
Space and Distance 164
Time 167
Silence 170
Summary 173
Activities 174
Discussion Ideas 174
Chapter 7 Cultural Influences on Context:The Business Setting 175
Context and Communication 175
Culture and the Business Context 177
The International Business Context 179
Cultural Views Toward Management and Mangers 179
Culture-Specific Business Practices 182
The Domestic Business Context 192
The Importance of Diversity in Advertising 192
Value Conflicts in the Workforce 193
Summary 196
Activities 197
Discussion Ideas 197
Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context:The Educational Setting 198
Educational Differences 199
Education in Korea 200
Education in Japan 201
Education in Mexico 203
Multicultural Education in the United States 204
Approaches to Multicultural Education 205
Learning Styles 205
Language Diversity 210
Gender,Culture,and the Classroom 214
Multicultural Teaching Competencies 216
Classrooms of the Future:Technology as a Bridge to Culture 218
Summary 219
Activities 221
Discussion Ideas 221
Chapter 9 Cultural Influences on Context:The Health Care Setting 222
Explanations,Treatment,and Prevention of Illness 223
Culrural Variations in the Cause of Illness 224
Cultural Variations in the Treatment of Illness 225
Cultural Variations in the Prevention of Illness 226
Religion,Spirituality,and Health Care 227
Gender Roles and Health Care 229
Male Dominance in the Health Care Setting 229
Female Purity and Modesty 230
Pregnancy and Childbirth 230
The United States:Health Care in a Diverse Patient Population 232
Self-Disclosure 232
Language Barriers 232
Nonverbal Messages 233
Formality 234
Improving the Multicultural Health Care Interaction 235
Summary 236
Activities 237
Discussion Ideas 238
Part Ⅳ Knowledge into Action 239
Chapter 10 Accepting Differences and Appreciating Similarities:A Point of View 240
A Philosophy of Change 241
The Brain Is an Open System 241
We Have Free Choice 242
Potential Problems in Intercultural Communication 243
Seeking Similarities 243
Uncertainty Reduction 244
Diversity of Communication Purposes 245
Stereotyping and Prejudice 246
Power 248
Culture Shock 249
Ethnocentrism 250
Improving Intercultural Communication 251
Know Yourself 253
Consider the Physical and Human Settings 255
Seek to Understand Diverse Message Systems 257
Develop Empathy 259
Encourage Feedback 262
Learn About Cultural Adaptation 263
Ethical Considerations 265
A Definition of Ethics 265
Guidelines for an Intercultural Ethic 267
Summary 271
Activities 272
Discussion Ideas 272
Notes 273
Index 293
文库索引 304