INTRODUCTION 1
The policy shift 6
The attractive city 8
A divided society 10
Structure of this book 12
PART 1：THE ORIGINS 19
CHAPTER 1 The flight from the city 19
The golden age of cities 19
The industrial city 22
The great escape 24
The inner city 27
American experience 29
Continental experience 29
The UK urban renaissance 33
CHAPTER 2 Lost Utopias 37
The garden city pioneers 37
The modernist reformers 41
Paradise lost 45
CHAPTER 3 The taming of the city 47
Comprehensive redevelopment 49
The neighbourhood unit 50
The free flow of traffic 50
The benefits of open space 52
The curse of overcrowding 52
Postwar plan making 56
The lost urban vision 57
The suburban conspiracy 59
New planning disasters 59
CHAPTER 4 The shaping of the English home 61
The 19th century home 61
Middle-class suburbs 63
The development of flats 66
The 20th century home 66
Housing since 1945 69
Private housing since 1980 74
Social housing since 1980 78
Towards the 21st century 80
PART 2：THE INFLUENCES 83
CHAPTER 5 Climate change：Environmental pressures on future settlements 83
The environment and the shape of settlements 84
The rise of environmental awareness 86
The impact of global warming 88
Other environmental issues 91
The impact on development 95
The stranglehold of the car 97
CHAPTER 6 Choice：Changing household characteristics and the 21st century home 101
Changing household composition 103
The mechanisms of demographic change 106
Changing social and economic trends 110
The impact on cities 111
CHAPTER 7 Community：Social sustainability in the suburb and city 115
The value of community 116
Communities are good for you 117
Different types of community 120
CHAPTER 8 Cost：The economy of urban development 125
Innovation and cost 125
Continental approaches to cost 126
Market constraints 127
Location 129
The development industry 129
Land value 130
Cost constraints in social housing 132
The future inuence of cost 133
PART 3：THE SUSTRINABLE URBAN NEIGHBOURHOOD 143
CHAPTER 9 Urban repopulation 143
Government policy to stem dispersal 143
The people-where will they go？ 147
Urban density and gasoline consumption 148
Protecting our green and pleasant land 150
The regeneration of our cities 151
There is not the space 152
The lost populations 153
Brown field land 154
Other sources of urban housing capacity 156
The ‘curse’of town cramming 161
Will people return to cities？ 163
CHAPTER 10 The eco-neighbourhood 167
What is urban sustainability？ 167
Sustainability and the city 169
The eco-neighbourhood 172
Energy use 179
Urban recycling 183
Water and sewage 186
Green space 187
CHAPTER 11 Urban building blocks 191
The importance of the street 192
A framework of streets 201
Hierarchies 201
The urban block 206
Urban grain 211
Places not spaces 212
The identity of urban areas 220
A critical mass of activity 223
A rich mix of uses 224
CHAPTER 12 The sociable neighbourhood 227
The challenge of creating sustainable communities 228
Continuity 232
Balance 233
Neighbourhood-based development 233
Robust urban development 235
Secure places 237
Community and stewardship 239
Balanced incremental development 241
CHAPTER 13 A model neighbourhood？ 243
The development of Hulme 243
The great urban experiment 247
A model neighbourhood？ 251
Autonomous urban development 257
The sustainable urban block 262
CHAPTER 14 The process of urban generation and regeneration 267
The natural process of urban growth 269
Emergent cities 270
Self-organising urbanism 271
How we lost the art of city building 273
Is planning the problem？ 275
New rules 277
The role of masterplanning 280
New life for urban Britain 283