Chapter 1: The Biotechnology Industry 2
What Is Biotechnology? 3
Who Uses Biotechnology? 5
Biotechnology Industry and Research 13
Governmental Regulation of Biotechnology 15
Industry Practices 17
Careers in Biotechnology 19
Chapter 1 Essay Questions 20
Additional Resources 21
Chapter 1 Vignettes 3
Bioethics Biotechnology: Good or Bad? 3
Biotech In The Real World: Bio-Rad: Then and Now 12
How To... Write an SOP 17
Careers In Biotech:Annabelle Tinoco, Quality Assurance Manager 18
Chapter 2: Laboratory Skills 22
Laboratory Safety 23
Laboratory Notebooks 25
Laboratory Equipment 26
Numerical Data 33
Significant Figures 33
Scientific Notation 34
Units of Measure 35
Preparing Solutions 35
Percent Solutions 35
Using Stock Solutions Given in Terms of “x” 36
Molar Solutions 37
Chapter 2 Essay Questions 39
Additional Resources 39
Chapter 2 Laboratory Activities 40
Activity 2.1 DNA Extraction and Precipitation 40
Activity 2.2 Pipetting 42
Activity 2.3 Kool-Aid Column Chromatography 46
Activity 2.4 Making Solutions 49
Activity 2.5 Titration 54
Activity 2.6 Writing a Standard Operating Procedure 56
Chapter 2 Extension Activities 56
Chapter 2 Vignettes 24
Bioethics: Waste Disposal 24
Biotech In The Real World: Who Invented Claritin? How Laboratory Notebooks Played Their Part 26
Careers In Biotech:Katie Dalpozzo, Laboratory Research Associate 27
How To... Use an Adjustable-Volume Micropipet 29
Chapter 3: Microbiology and Cell Culture 58
Microbiology and Cell Biology 59
Three Domains of Life 59
Microorganisms and History 59
Bacteria 61
Uses of Bacteria in Biotechnology 62
Culturing Bacteria in the Laboratory 63
Microbiological Techniques 64
Eukaryotic Cells 69
Uses of Eukaryotic Cells in Biotechnology 71
Eukaryotic Cell Culture 72
Chapter 3 Essay Questions 74
Additional Resources 74
Chapter 3 Laboratory Activities 75
Activity 3.1 Making Microbiology Media 75
Activity 3.2 Disk Diffusion Test （Modified Kirby-Bauer Test） 83
Activity 3.3 Microbes and Health:An Illustration of Koch's Postulates 86
Activity 3.4 Gram Staining 92
Activity 3.5 Quantifying Bacterial Numbers 95
Activity 3.6 Staining Eukaryotic Cells 98
Chapter 3 Extension Activities 100
Chapter 3 Vignettes 65
How To... Use Aseptic Technique to Transfer Bacteria 65
Careers In Biotech:Mihaela Sabau, Clinical Laboratory Scientist 67
Bioethics:Should Human Embryos Be Used for Research? 72
Biotech In The Real World: Artificial Life! 73
Chapter 4: DNA Structure and Analysis 102
Molecular Biology 103
DNA Structure 103
Recombinant DNA Technology 105
Restriction Enzymes 106
Ligases 107
Horizontal Agarose Gel Electrophoresis 108
Restriction Enzymes as Forensic Tools 112
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms 112
Chapter 4 Essay Questions 113
Additional Resources 113
Chapter 4 Laboratory Activities 114
Activity 4.1 Restriction Site Prediction Using NEBcutter 114
Activity 4.2 Casting Agarose Gels 116
Activity 4.3 Dye Electrophoresis 119
Activity 4.4 Restriction Digestion and Analysis of Lambda DNA 121
Activity 4.5 Forensic DNA Fingerprinting 126
Activity 4.6 Plasmid Mapping 131
Chapter 4 Extension Activities 133
Chapter 4 Vignettes 104
Bioethics: Personal Genetic Information 104
Careers In Biotech: Charles Lo, Commercial Rotation Development Program Associate 106
How To... Set Up a Restriction Digest 108
Biotech In The Real World: Did the Baker Do It? 112
Chapter 5: Bacterial Transformation and Plasmid Purification 134
History of Bacterial Transformation and Plasmids 135
Plasmids: Structure and Function 135
Using Plasmids in Biotechnology 137
Transcriptional Regulation of Plasmids 138
Transforming Cells 140
Selection of Transformed Cells 142
Plasmid Purification 144
DNA Quantitation 147
Chapter 5 Essay Questions 149
Additional Resources 149
Chapter 5 Laboratory Activities 150
Activity 5.1 Bacterial Transformation with S3 Plasmid 150
Activity 5.2 Bacterial Transformation withpGLO Plasmid 155
Activity 5.3 Purification of S3 and pGLO Plasmids 160
Activity 5.4 DNA Quantitation 166
Chapter 5 Extension Activities 172
Chapter 5 Vignettes 136
Bioethics: A World without Antibiotics? 136
How To... Transform E. coli Using Electroporation 141
Biotech In The Real World:Plasmids and the Search for Energy 143
How To... Use a Microcentrifuge 146
Careers In Biotech: Denise Gangadharan,Acting Associate Director for Science 148
Chapter 6: The Polymerase Chain Reaction 174
Invention of PCR 175
What Is PCR? 175
PCR and DNA Replication 177
Thermal Cyclers 180
Types of PCR 181
PCR Optimization 183
Techniques Based on PCR 185
Real-World Applications of PCR 187
Chapter 6 Essay Questions 191
Additional Resources 191
Chapter 6 Laboratory Activities 192
Activity 6.1 STR PCR Analysis 192
Activity 6.2 GMO Detection by PCR 197
Activity 6.3 Detection of the Human PV92 Alu Insertion 204
Chapter 6 Extension Activities 211
Chapter 6 Vignettes 180
Careers In Biotech: Stan Hitomi,Math and Science Coordinator and Principal 180
How To... Program a Thermal Cycler 182
Biotech In The Real World: Biotech on the Pharm 188
Bioethics: Forensic DNA Databases—Is Your Privacy Protected? 189
Chapter 7: Protein Structure and Analysis 212
Protein Synthesis 213
Protein Structure 215
Proteins in Biology 217
Proteins in Biotechnology 218
Methods of Protein Analysis 220
Protein Quantitation 220
Protein Electrophoresis 222
Protein Chromatography 225
Bioinformatics 228
Chapter 7 Essay Questions 229
Additional Resources 229
Chapter 7 Laboratory Activities 230
Activity 7.1 Protein Quantitation Using the Bradford Assay 230
Activity 7.2 Size Exclusion Chromatography 234
Activity 7.3 GFP Purification by Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography 237
Activity 7.4 SDS-PAGE of Fish Muscle 243
Activity 7.5 Biofuel Enzyme Assay 252
Activity 7.6 Exploring Bioinformatics with GFP 264
Chapter 7 Extension Activities 269
Chapter 7 Vignettes 218
Bioethics: Food or Fuel? 218
Careers In Biotech: Scott Chilton, Graduate Student 220
How To... Set Up a Vertical Electrophoresis System 224
Biotech In The Real World: Vaccines in Bananas 227
Chapter 8: Immunological Applications 270
The Immune System 271
Antibodies 272
Antibodies as Tools 273
Immunoassays 275
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay （ELISA） 278
Western Blotting 280
Chapter 8 Essay Questions 285
Additional Resources 285
Chapter 8 Laboratory Activities 286
Activity 8.1 Ouchterlony Double Immunodiffusion Assay 286
Activity 8.2 Serum Antibody Detection by ELISA 288
Activity 8.3 Quantitative ELISA 291
Activity 8.4 Western Blotting 296
Chapter 8 Extension Activities 303
Chapter 8 Vignettes 277
How To... Select an Antibody 277
Bioethics: Treatment of HIV Positive People in the Developing World 282
Biotech In The Real World:Using FACS to Diagnose and Treat Cancer 284
Careers In Biotech:Amanda Williams, Clinical Lab Technician 285
Chapter 9: Research Projects 304
What Is Research? 305
Student Research Projects 307
Choosing a Research Project 310
Planning a Project 312
Experimental Design 313
Data Analysis 314
Communicating Research 316
Project Ideas 318
Research Tools and Techniques 319
Agricultural and Animal Research 322
Food Science 326
Humans and Health 328
Forensics 330
Energy and the Environment 331
Considerations and Tips for All Laboratory Projects 333
Chapter 9 Essay Questions 336
Additional Resources 336
Chapter 9 Vignettes 306
Careers In Biotech: Sophy Wong, HIV Specialist 306
Bioethics: The Case of Woo Suk Hwang 307
Biotech In The Real World: Abraham Lincoln High School Takes On the iGEM Challenge 311
How To... Read a Journal Article 313
Appendices 338
Appendix A: Fast Gel Protocol 338
Appendix B: Alternative Staining Methods for Agarose Gels 339
Appendix C:Using the SmartSpec Plus Spectrophotometer 341
Appendix D: Glossary 344
Appendix E: Laboratory Skills Assessment Rubric 351
Appendix F: Laboratory Notebook and Project Rubrics 372
Laboratory Notebook Rubric 372
Project Progress Rubric 373
Project Proposal Rubric 374
Presentation Content Rubric 375
Presentation Style Rubric 376
Appendix G: Trademarks and Legal Notices 377