CHAPTER 1—FUNDAMENTALS OF INVESTIGATIONS 1
Overview of Methods 1
Corpus Delicti 2
Crime Scene and Identification of Suspect 3
Arrest of Suspect 6
Spontaneous Remarks 6
Interrogation of Suspect 7
Recovery of Property 8
Identification of Suspect 8
Presentation of Case to Prosecutor 9
Presentation of Case to Grand Jury or Court 10
Summary 12
Discussion Questions 14
CHAPTER 2—CHARACTERISTICS OF INVESTIGATORS 17
Development of Characteristics 17
Bias and Prejudice 22
Patience and Courtesy 22
Summary 24
Discussion Questions 25
CHAPTER 3—NOTES AND REPORTS 27
Notes 27
Reports 28
Principles of Reporting 29
Modus Operandi 31
Description of Property 35
Summary 36
Discussion Questions 37
CHAPTER 4—INTERVIEWING 39
Age and Sex Factors 39
Motivation Factors 41
Untrained Observer Factors 42
The Interview 47
Kinesics 48
Neighborhood Canvass for Witnesses 48
Summary 50
Discussion Questions 51
CHAPTER 5—THE CRIME SCENE 53
First Officer at Scene 53
Isolating and Protecting Crime Scene 57
Selection of Search Method 58
Technical Search Equipment 61
Crime Scene Walk-through 65
Pre-search Photography of Crime Scene 67
Crime Scene Search 67
Photography Guidelines 69
Crime Scene Sketching 70
Collection, Recording and Preservation of Evidence 75
Fingerprints—Discovery and Preservation 77
Foot and Tire Prints and Imprints 81
Blood Stains 87
Seminal Stains 90
Fibers and Threads 91
Hair Strands 92
Tool Marks 94
Firearm Evidence 96
Marking Evidence 99
Preserving Evidence 100
Summary 103
Discussion Questions 108
CHAPTER 6—THE CRIMINALISTICS LABORATORY 109
Firearms Section 109
Trace Analysis Section 115
Serology Section 116
Blood-Alcohol Section 118
Toxicology Section 119
Narcotics Section 119
Voice Identification Section 121
Latent Print Section 123
Questioned Document Section 123
Forensic Photography Section 125
Polygraph Section 125
Composite Artist Section 131
Summary 132
Discussion Questions 135
CHAPTER 7—USE OF POLICE RECORDS 137
Organization of Records Section 138
Crime and Reports Section 139
Criminal Records Section 139
Warrant and Teletype Section 141
Automated Records Section 142
Kick-Back or Rap Sheets 145
Investigators Final Report 145
Summary 150
Discussion Questions 150
CHAPTER 8—SOURCES OF INFORMATION 153
Methods of Acquiring Information 153
How Sources are Developed and Maintained 157
Informant Motivation 162
Non-Police Sources of Information 166
Summary 170
Discussion Questions 172
CHAPTER 9—SURVEILLANCE AND UNDERCOVER INVESTIGATION 173
Types of Surveillance 174
Preparation for Surveillance 180
Special Techniques 181
Undercover Assignments 184
Summary 190
Discussion Questions 192
CHAPTER 10—INTERROGATION PRINCIPLES 195
Special Considerations and Legal Constraints 195
The Miranda Admonition 196
Miranda Public Safety Execptions 196
When to Interrogate 198
Principles of Interrogation 200
Selected Suspects and Techniques 208
Summary 214
Discussion Questions 215
CHAPTER 11—WRITTEN STATEMENTS AND CONFESSIONS 217
Guidelines for Written Statements and Confessions 217
Format For Written Statements 218
Reviewing the Statement 219
Signing the Statement 219
Dying Declarations 220
Summary 220
Discussion Questions 221
CHAPTER 12—GUIDELINES FOR SELECTED CRIMES AND SCENES 223
Death Scenes 223
Determining Cause of Death 227
Coroner's Autopsy 229
Identification of the Deceased 230
Identification of Wounds 232
Homicide, Suicide, Accident Investigation 234
Estimating Time of Death 236
Post-Mortem Protocol 237
Robbery Investigation 241
Burglary Investigation 245
Vehicle Theft Investigation 251
Investigative Guidelines 253
Forcible Rape Investigation 255
Attitude Toward Victim 256
Suspect Motivation 256
Investigative Guidelines 258
Abused Child Investigation 261
Child Abuser Profile 268
Arson Investigation 275
Investigative Guidelines 280
Computer Crime 282
Summary 283
Discussion Questions 285
CHAPTER 13—NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS 287
Extent of Problem 288
Opium and Derivatives 288
Methadone 291
Depressants 292
Tranquilizers 294
Stimulants 295
Cocaine 295
Amphetamines 296
Hallucinogens 297
Marijuana and Hashish 302
Drug Investigation Techniques 304
Investigative Guidelines 306
Model Forfeiture Law 311
Posse Comitatus 312
Designer Drugs 312
Summary 313
Discussion Questions 313
CHAPTER 14—TERRORISM—BOMBING—HOSTAGE INCIDENTS 315
Terrorism 316
Profile of a Terrorist 317
Bombings 319
Types of Explosives 319
Types of Bombs 320
Hostage Incidents 322
Crisis Negotiation Team 329
Bomb Disposal 332
Bomb Threats 335
Summary 336
Discussion Questions 337
CHAPTER 15—CASE PREPARATION 339
Preparing Case for Prosecutor 340
Presenting Case to Grand Jury 342
Statute of Limitations 342
Specialized Investigators 346
Plea Bargaining 347
Terminating an Investigation 348
Summary 349
Discussion Questions 350
CHAPTER 16—COURT DEMEANOR AND TESTIMONY 351
First Impressions 352
Demeanor-Conduct-Attitude 352
Practices to Avoid 355
Defense Tactics 356
The Expert Witness 357
Cross Examination 360
Redirect and Rebuttal Testimony 361
Summary 362
Discussion Questions 363
CHAPTER 17—INNOVATIONS IN INVESTIGATIVE TECHNOLOGY 365
Rockwell's "Printrak 250S" 366
Hughes' "Probeye" Infrared Viewers 371
Investigative Hypnosis 373
Psychological Profiling 374
DNA "Fingerprints" 375
Summary 376
Discussion Questions 377
Endnotes Page 379
Glossary 383
Index 391