Chapter 1·How Criminology Can Contribute to Understanding Police Misconduct 3
The Criminal Career Paradigm 7
Controversy over the Criminal Career Paradigm 8
Life-Course Theory and Developmental Criminology 13
The Risk Factor Prevention Paradigm 16
Enhancing Our Understanding of Police Misconduct 18
Theoretical Lessons 18
Methodological Lessons 22
Conclusion 27
Chapter 2·Towards a Developmental View of Police Misconduct 29
Defining Police Misconduct 31
How Experience Shapes Misconduct 35
The Experience-Misconduct Curve 49
Possible Trajectories of Police Misconduct 50
The Advantages of Using a Developmental Framework 57
Conclusion 68
Chapter 3·The Early Intervention System Project 71
Research Questions and Related Objectives 71
Data Collection 73
Cohorts 74
Attrition 76
Variables 79
Indicators of Misconduct 79
Personnel Complaints 79
Citizen Complaints 80
Internal Complaints 83
Independent Variables 83
Correlates of Misconduct 84
Use of Force 84
Civil Litigation 85
Secondary Arrests 85
Control Variables 87
Sick Leave 87
Assignment 88
Productivity 89
Analyses 90
Conclusion 90
Chapter 4·The Experience-Misconduct Curves 95
Misconduct Career Elements 103
Conclusion 113
Chapter 5·Trajectories of Citizen Complaints 115
Trajectory Analyses Using the Semiparametric,Group-Based Approach 116
Trajectories of Citizen Complaints for the Late 1980s Cohort 118
Profiles of Citizen Complaints for the Late 1980s Cohort 125
Correlates of Citizen Complaint Trajectories for the Late 1980s Cohort 130
Trajectories of Citizen Complaints: Early 1990s Cohort 136
Profiles of Citizen Complaint Trajectories: Early 1990s Cohort 140
Correlates of Citizen Complaint Trajectories for the Early 1990s Cohort 142
Comparison of Citizen Complaint Patterns 144
Conclusion 145
Chapter 6·Trajectories of Internal Complaints 151
Trajectories of Internal Complaints for the Late 1980s Cohort 152
Profiles of Internal Complaint Trajectories for the Late 1980s Cohort 156
Comparing Citizen Complaint and Internal Complaint Trajectories for the Late 1980s Cohort 159
Internal Complaint Trajectories: Early 1990s Cohort 160
Conclusion 161
Chapter 7·Implications for Policy and Priorities for Research 165
A Brief Review of the Empirical Results 166
Theoretical Implications 170
Policy Implications 171
Research Implications 175
Future Research 179
Conclusion 182
Bibliography 185
Index 195