PART Ⅰ: NATIONAL LAW 5
Chapter 1: The Dilemma and its Solutions 5
Chapter 2: The Leipzig Trials 10
PART Ⅱ INTERNATIONAL THEORY 21
Introductory Note 21
Chapter 1: The Manifest Illegality Principle and the Personal Knowledge Principle 26
Chapter 2: The Doctrine of Respondeat Superior 38
1. Oppenheim's Proposition 38
2. Mistake of Law and Compulsion as the Basis of the Doctrine of Respondeat Superior 49
3. The Distinction between the Doctrine of Respondeat Superior and the Acts of State Doctrine 57
Chapter 3: The Doctrine of Absolute Liability 68
Chapter 4: The Mens Rea Principle 76
1. Mistake of Law and Compulsion 76
2. Mistake of Fact vs. Mistake of Law 83
3. A Proposed Solution of the Problem of Obedience to Superior Orders 87
PART Ⅲ: INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION, 1919-1945 93
Chapter 1: Initial Irresolution 93
1. The Peace Conference, 1919 93
2. The Washington Conference, 1922 97
Chapter 2: The Negation of the Plea of Obedience to Superior Orders 104
1. The Deliberations of the Commissions of the United Nations, 1942-1945 104
2. The Charter of the International Military Tribunal, 1945 109
PART Ⅳ. THE CASES 123
Chapter 1: Trials before International Tribunals 123
1. Historical Note 123
2. The Nuremberg Trial 125
3. The Tokyo Trial 156
Chapter 2: Trials before National Courts 160
1. Historical Note 160
2. The 'Subsequent Proceedings' at Nuremberg 162
3. Other Trials of War Criminals 190
Summing-Up of the Cases 214
PART Ⅴ: INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION SINCE 1946 217
Chapter 1: Doubts and Vacillations 217
1. The Genocide Convention, 1948 217
2. The Red Cross Conventions, 1949 223
Chapter 2: The Work of the International Law Commission 226
1. Historical Background 226
2. The Nuremberg Principles 228
3. The Draft Code of Offences against the Peace and Security of Mankind 241
Conclusions 253
Subject Index 255
Name Index 266