Chapter 1 Drinking Drivers and the Criminal Justice System 1
Ways of Studying Drinking and Driving in the Context of the Criminal Justice System 2
Drinking and Driving as Crime 6
Who Is the Drinking Driver? 11
Summary 20
Chapter 2 A Model of the Deterrence Process 22
Deterrence Theory and the Deterrence Doctrine 22
Deterrence, Human Rationality, and Drinking and Driving 31
Measuring Deterrence: Gibbs' "Fundamental Problem" 44
Elaborating the Deterrence Model for Random Breath Testing 47
Elaboration of the Deterrence Model for the Study of Penalties and Reconviction Rates 60
Summary 69
Chapter 3 The Evidence for Deterrence 71
Perceptual Research 72
General Deterrence of the Drinking Driver 82
Studies of Penalties and Reconvictions 94
Summary 104
Chapter 4 Random Breath Testing in Australia 105
Trends in Road Safety 106
Alcohol Use and Drink-Driving in Australia 107
Random Breath Testing 109
RBT Boots and All: Tasmania and New South Wales 113
Summary 124
Chapter 5 The Random Breath Test Study: Research Questions and Method 126
The Research Questions 126
Method 129
Statistical Analysis 143
Chapter 6 Results of the Random Breath Test Study 147
Descriptive Analysis of the April Data 148
The Effects of Police Testing: An Area-Level Analysis 154
The Relationship Between Exposure to RBT and Perceptions of the Chances of Being Randomly Tested and Arrested for Drinking and Driving 160
Influences on Arrest Certainty: Towards a Parsimonious Model. 162
Modifications to Travel and Drinking Behaviors in the April Survey 167
Reasons for Not Drinking and Driving: Fear Versus Conscience 178
The Longitudinal Study: February and April Compared 184
Drink-Driving Between February and April 192
Perceptions and Evaluations of Penalty Severity 194
Summary of Main Results 196
Chapter 7 The Penalties Study: Research Questions and Method 201
The Research Questions 202
The Design of the Penalties Study 203
Relative and Perceived Severity of Penalty 207
Environmental Factors 213
A Typology of Convicted Offenders 214
Chapter 8 Results of the Penalties Study 216
Marginal Specific Deterrence: Reconviction Rates and Relative Severity of Penalties 216
A Typology of the Convicted Drinking Driver 220
Implications of the Penalties Study for the Deterrence Model 229
Chapter 9 Implications of the Research 233
Review of the Random Breath Text Study 233
Review of the Penalties Study 247
An Assessment of the Deterrence Model 256
Implications for Social Policy 262
Conclusion 269
References 273
Appendix 295
Author Index 305
Subject Index 311