1 THE SCOPE OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1
Part One The Major Constituents of Cells 9
2 THE CARBOHYDRATES.Ⅰ 9
Monosaccharides 9
3 THE CARBOHYDRATES.Ⅱ 40
Oligosaccharides 40
Polysaccharides 43
4 THE LIPIDS 57
5 THE PROTEINS.Ⅰ 87
Amino Acids 88
Peptides 107
6 THE PROTEINS.Ⅱ 116
Physical and Chemical Properties 118
Purity and Purification 134
7 THE PROTEINS.Ⅲ 138
Amino Acid Sequences and Conformation 138
8 THE PROTEINS.Ⅳ 166
Hemoproteins and Porphyrins 166
9 NUCLEIC ACIDS AND NUCLEOPROTEINS 181
Part Two Catalysis 208
10 ENZYMES.Ⅰ 208
Nature and Classification 208
11 ENZYMES.Ⅱ 223
Kinetics 224
Inhibition 236
Metabolic Inhibitors 240
Control of Enzymic Activity 242
12 ENZYMES.Ⅲ 247
Specificity of Enzymes 247
Nature of Active Enzymic Sites 252
Mechanism of Enzymic Action 258
Part Three Metabolism 275
13 INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM 275
Regulatory Mechanisms 276
Experimental Approaches to the Study of Metabolism 280
14 GENERAL METABOLISM 291
Energy Considerations 291
15 BIOLOGICAL OXIDATIONS.Ⅰ 302
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 304
High Energy Phosphate Compounds 314
16 BIOLOGICAL OXIDATIONS.Ⅱ 321
Citric Acid Cycle 325
The Mitochondrion 335
Electron Transport 335
Oxidative Phosphorylation 343
17 BIOLOGICAL OXIDATIONS.Ⅲ 355
Oxidative Enzymes，Coenzymes，and Carriers 355
18 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM.Ⅰ 386
Digestion and Absorption 386
Glycolysis 392
Anaplerosis 407
Reversal of Glycolysis 409
The Phosphogluconate Oxidative Pathway 415
19 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM.Ⅱ 422
Hexose Interconversions 422
Polysaccharides 431
Glycogen Metabolism and the Control of Carbohydrate Metabolism 436
20 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM.Ⅲ 453
Photosynthesis 453
21 LIPID METABOLISM.Ⅰ 470
Digestion and Absorption 470
Blood Lipids and Lipemia 475
Body Lipids 476
Oxidation of Fatty Acids 479
Synthesis of Fatty Acids 484
Fatty Acid Interconversions 492
Synthesis of Triglycerides 496
Regulation of Lipid Metabolism 497
22 LIPID METABOLISM.Ⅱ 507
Phospholipids 507
Sphingolipids 514
Sterol Metabolism and Its Control 516
Disturbances of Lipid Metabolism 525
23 AMINO ACID METABOLISM.Ⅰ 531
Digestion of Protein 531
Absorption of Amino Acids 534
Utilization of Inorganic Nitrogen 535
General Aspects of Amino Acid Synthesis 538
Essential Amino Acids 540
Synthesis of Nonessential Amino Acids 541
Regulation of Nitrogen Metabolism 554
24 AMINO ACID METABOLISM.Ⅱ 563
Synthesis of Essential Amino Acids 563
25 AMINO ACID METABOLISM.Ⅲ 578
Synthesis of Peptides and Amides 578
Transamidination 581
Transmethylation 582
Porphyrin Synthesis 584
Amino Acid Decarboxylation 585
Polyamine Synthesis 591
26 AMINO ACID METABOLISM.Ⅳ 594
Glycogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids 594
Metabolic Fates of Individual Amino Acids 595
27 METABOLISM OF PURINES，PYRIMIDINES AND NUCLEOTIDES 619
28 GENETIC ASPECTS OF METABOLISM.Ⅰ 645
Nature of the Gene 645
DNA Synthesis 649
Relation of DNA Sequence to Protein Sequence and Structure 656
29 GENETIC ASPECTS OF METABOLISM.Ⅱ 661
The Gene and Protein Synthesis 661
Other Aspects of RNA Synthesis 671
The Amino Acid Code 673
Control of Protein Synthesis 683
30 GENETIC ASPECTS OF METABOLISM.Ⅲ 688
Genetic Variation of Protein Structure 688
Evolution of Proteins 694
Hereditary Disorders of Metabolism 699
Part Four Body Fluids and Specialized Tissues 705
31 BLOOD 705
Composition of Blood Plasma 705
Plasma Proteins 707
Blood Clotting 724
Erythrocyte and Iron Metabolism 734
Leukocyte Composition and Metabolism 753
32 CHEMISTRY OF RESPIRATION 758
33 REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTE，WATER，AND ACID-BASE BALANCE 777
Fluid Compartments and Composition 777
Active Transport Processes 780
Control of Extracellular Fluid 784
Metabolism of Cellular Electrolytes 800
34 SPECIALIZED EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS 806
35 RENAL FUNCTION AND THE COMPOSITION OF URINE 828
36 MUSCLE 848
37 NERVOUS TISSUE 858
38 CONNECTIVE TISSUE 871
39 BONE； CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM 887
40 THE EYE 898
41 CELL WALLS OF PLANTS AND MICROORGANISMS 908
Part Five Biochemistry of the Endocrine Glands 917
42 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS 917
43 THE THYROID AND PARATHYROIDS 922
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine 922
Calcitonin 932
Parathormone 932
44 THE GONADS 937
Androgens 937
Estrogens 944
45 THE ADRENALS 953
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine 953
Adrenal Cortical Hormones 958
46 THE PANCREAS 973
Insulin 973
Glucagon 977
47 THE HYPOPHYSIS 980
The Neurohypophysis 981
Regulatory Role of the Adenohypophysis 985
Control of Secretion of the Adenohypophysis 985
Thyrotropin 986
Adrenocorticotropin 989
Gonadotropins 992
Somatotropin 995
The Sexual Cycle 998
Part Six Nutrition 1002
48 THE MAJOR NUTRIENTS 1002
49 THE WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS 1018
50 THE LIPID-SOLUBLE VITAMINS 1048
Index 1065