Seeking Security： An Introduction&G R Sullivan and Ian Dennis 1
1 Identification， Surveillance and Profiling： On the Use and Abuse of Citizen Data&Malcolm Thorburn 15
Ⅰ Introduction 15
Ⅱ Population Data versus Personal Data 20
Ⅲ Identification 21
Ⅳ Surveillance 27
Ⅴ Profiling 31
Ⅵ （Tentative） Conclusions 34
2 On the Legitimacy of Imposing Direct and Indirect Obligations to Disclose Information on Non-Suspects&Shlomit Wallerstein 37
Ⅰ The Old Law 39
Ⅱ The Abolition of Misprision of Felony 41
Ⅲ The New Regime and the Exceptions to the General Rule 45
A The General Principle 45
B The First Exception -Money Laundering 48
C The Second Exception - Counter-Terrorism 48
Ⅳ The Justifiability of the New Regime 50
A Distinguishing Direct from Indirect Obligation to Disclose Information 50
B Personal Choice and Participation in Crime 52
C The Objective for which Information is Required 54
D The Severity of the Harm 56
E Special Relationships and the Duty to Disclose 57
3 Prophylactic Crimes&AP Simester 59
Ⅰ A Spectrum of Prophylactic Offences 61
Ⅱ Limited Non-Negotiable Constraints 64
Ⅲ Supplementary Constraints on Prophylactic Crimes 66
A Wrongful Action 66
B A Nexus Requirement 67
C Arbitrary Dispensations 69
Ⅳ Preparatory Offences 69
Ⅴ Possible Constraints on Preparatory Offences 71
A The Attempt-Preparation Divide in Inchoate Offences 72
B Motive-Dependent Wrongfulness？ 73
C A Negotiable Matter？ 75
Ⅵ Necessitous Over-inclusion 76
A Necessity Rather than Self-Defence 76
B Excluded Reasons for Criminalisation： Fundamental Rights？ 77
Ⅶ In Closing 78
4 Harmless Wrongdoing and the Anticipatory Perspective on Criminalisation&Jeremy Horder 79
Ⅰ Introduction 79
Ⅱ Anticipatory and Harm-Done Perspectives on Criminalisation：An Outline 80
Ⅲ Minimalism： Who Really Believes In It？ 85
Ⅳ The Anticipatory Perspective on Criminalisation 92
A Harm Done， Deterrent Value and what Counts against Criminalisation 92
B The Explanatory Power of the Anticipatory Perspective：Direct Harm Risked 95
C The Explanatory Power of the Anticipatory Perspective：Harm Risked Indirectly 96
Ⅴ Conclusion： The Anticipatory Perspective and Criminal Law’s Changing Landscape 100
5 Risk and Inchoate Crimes： Retribution or Prevention？&Larry Alexander and Kimberly Kessler Ferzan 103
Ⅰ Introduction 103
Ⅱ Inchoate Crimes 105
Ⅲ Are Inchoate Crimes Culpable？ 106
A The Centrality of Intending a Culpable Act to the Case for the Culpability of Inchoate Crimes 107
B Is Intending a Culpable Act Itself a Culpable Act？ 110
Ⅳ Inchoate Crimes and Dangerousness 119
6 Risks， Culpability and Criminal Liability&RA Duff 121
Ⅰ Introduction： Inchoate Offences in the Criminal Law 121
Ⅱ Unleashing Risk 126
Ⅲ A Radically Narrowed Criminal Law？ 130
Ⅳ Moral Culpability without Unleashing Risk 132
Ⅴ Criminal Liability and Moral Culpability 139
7 Preventive Detention at the Margins of Autonomy&John Stanton-Ife 143
Ⅰ Introduction 143
Ⅱ Civil Detention of the Mentally Disordered and the Subversion of the Criminal Law 146
Ⅲ Three Issues： Autonomy， Unjust Discrimination and the Right to be Irrational 154
A The Diminished Autonomy Justification 155
B Two Conceptions of Minimal Autonomy 156
C The Diminished Autonomy Justification Again 163
D Unjust Discrimination and the Right to be Irrational 164
Ⅳ Conclusion 167
8 Security， Risk and Preventive Orders&Ian Dennis 169
Ⅰ Introduction 169
Ⅱ Why have Preventive Orders become Common Techniques of Crime Control？ 172
Ⅲ Criticisms of Preventive Orders 181
A ProcessIssues 181
B Substantive Issues 183
Ⅳ Reviewing Preventive Orders： Where Do We Go from Here？ 186
Ⅴ Conclusion 190
9 Imprisonment under the Precautionary Principle&Peter Ramsay 193
Ⅰ Imprisonment for Public Protection 195
A The Test of Dangerousness 195
B The Presumption of Dangerousness 197
C Imprisonment under the Precautionary Principle 200
D The Wrong of Dangerousness 204
Ⅱ The Ethics of Precaution 206
A Ignorance as an Ethical Foundation 209
B Precaution as Moral Order 210
Ⅲ After IPP： Extended Determinate Sentences and Mandatory Life 214
Ⅳ Conclusion 217
10 Erring on the Side of Safety： Risk Assessment， Expert Knowledge，and the Criminal Court&Lucia Zedner 219
Ⅰ The Right to be Presumed Free from Harmful Intentions 221
Ⅱ Applying Risk Labels 224
Ⅲ Justifying Intervention on Grounds of Risk 230
Ⅳ Re-Assessing Risk Assessment 232
Ⅴ Who is to Decide？ Psychiatric versus Legal Determinations 234
Ⅵ Conclusion 240
11 The Test for Dangerousness&Martin Wasik 243
Ⅰ Background 243
Ⅱ The Original Dangerous Offender Scheme 244
Ⅲ The Revised Dangerous Offender Scheme 246
Ⅳ The Test for Dangerousness 248
A Significant Risk 248
B Significant Risk of Serious Harm 249
C To Members of the Public 250
D By the Commission by Him of Further Specified Offences 250
Ⅴ The Information Base 251
Ⅵ Three Examples 254
Ⅶ Judges and the Assessment of Risk 257
Ⅷ Thresholds of Risk / Seriousness 258
Ⅸ Conclusion 262
12 Culpability in Self-defence and Crime Prevention&Jonathan Rogers 265
Ⅰ The Rules and Deficiencies in the Criminal Law 268
A Two Problems 272
Ⅱ Self-Defence， Violence and Legal Principles 276
A One Culpable Motivation and One Culpable Attitude 277
B Evidence of the Culpable Motive and Attitude 280
Ⅲ Non-Imminent Offences 284
Ⅳ Stage Agents and Private Citizens 287
Ⅴ Conclusions 291
13 The Hard Treatment of Innocent Persons in State Responses to the Threat of Large Scale， and Imminent Terrorist Violence： Examining the Legal Constraints&G R Sullivan 293
Ⅰ Terrorist Violence： Large Scale and Imminent 293
Ⅱ Innocent Persons and State Action 297
Ⅲ Justification， Excuse and Permissibility 300
Ⅳ Hard Treatment of Innocent Persons 305
A Innocent Persons Harmed due to their Close Proximity to State Interventions Made against Terrorists 305
B Innocent Persons known not to be Terrorists or Complicit with Terrorists but whose Harsh Treatment May Avert or Mitigate Imminent Terrorist Attacks 309
C Persons who are Assumed by Officials to be Terrorists or Complicit with Terrorists but in Fact Have No Terrorist Connection and No Knowledge nor Influence on Future Terrorist Attacks 314
Ⅴ Terrorism in the United Kingdom 319
Ⅵ Conclusion 321
Index 323