SEEKING SECURITY PRE-EMPTING THE COMMISSION OF CRIMINAL HARMSPDF电子书下载

Seeking Security： An Introduction&G R Sullivan and Ian Dennis 1

1 Identification， Surveillance and Profiling： On the Use and Abuse of Citizen Data&Malcolm Thorburn 15

Ⅰ Introduction 15

Ⅱ Population Data versus Personal Data 20

Ⅲ Identification 21

Ⅳ Surveillance 27

Ⅴ Profiling 31

Ⅵ （Tentative） Conclusions 34

2 On the Legitimacy of Imposing Direct and Indirect Obligations to Disclose Information on Non-Suspects&Shlomit Wallerstein 37

Ⅰ The Old Law 39

Ⅱ The Abolition of Misprision of Felony 41

Ⅲ The New Regime and the Exceptions to the General Rule 45

A The General Principle 45

B The First Exception -Money Laundering 48

C The Second Exception - Counter-Terrorism 48

Ⅳ The Justifiability of the New Regime 50

A Distinguishing Direct from Indirect Obligation to Disclose Information 50

B Personal Choice and Participation in Crime 52

C The Objective for which Information is Required 54

D The Severity of the Harm 56

E Special Relationships and the Duty to Disclose 57

3 Prophylactic Crimes&AP Simester 59

Ⅰ A Spectrum of Prophylactic Offences 61

Ⅱ Limited Non-Negotiable Constraints 64

Ⅲ Supplementary Constraints on Prophylactic Crimes 66

A Wrongful Action 66

B A Nexus Requirement 67

C Arbitrary Dispensations 69

Ⅳ Preparatory Offences 69

Ⅴ Possible Constraints on Preparatory Offences 71

A The Attempt-Preparation Divide in Inchoate Offences 72

B Motive-Dependent Wrongfulness？ 73

C A Negotiable Matter？ 75

Ⅵ Necessitous Over-inclusion 76

A Necessity Rather than Self-Defence 76

B Excluded Reasons for Criminalisation： Fundamental Rights？ 77

Ⅶ In Closing 78

4 Harmless Wrongdoing and the Anticipatory Perspective on Criminalisation&Jeremy Horder 79

Ⅰ Introduction 79

Ⅱ Anticipatory and Harm-Done Perspectives on Criminalisation：An Outline 80

Ⅲ Minimalism： Who Really Believes In It？ 85

Ⅳ The Anticipatory Perspective on Criminalisation 92

A Harm Done， Deterrent Value and what Counts against Criminalisation 92

B The Explanatory Power of the Anticipatory Perspective：Direct Harm Risked 95

C The Explanatory Power of the Anticipatory Perspective：Harm Risked Indirectly 96

Ⅴ Conclusion： The Anticipatory Perspective and Criminal Law’s Changing Landscape 100

5 Risk and Inchoate Crimes： Retribution or Prevention？&Larry Alexander and Kimberly Kessler Ferzan 103

Ⅰ Introduction 103

Ⅱ Inchoate Crimes 105

Ⅲ Are Inchoate Crimes Culpable？ 106

A The Centrality of Intending a Culpable Act to the Case for the Culpability of Inchoate Crimes 107

B Is Intending a Culpable Act Itself a Culpable Act？ 110

Ⅳ Inchoate Crimes and Dangerousness 119

6 Risks， Culpability and Criminal Liability&RA Duff 121

Ⅰ Introduction： Inchoate Offences in the Criminal Law 121

Ⅱ Unleashing Risk 126

Ⅲ A Radically Narrowed Criminal Law？ 130

Ⅳ Moral Culpability without Unleashing Risk 132

Ⅴ Criminal Liability and Moral Culpability 139

7 Preventive Detention at the Margins of Autonomy&John Stanton-Ife 143

Ⅰ Introduction 143

Ⅱ Civil Detention of the Mentally Disordered and the Subversion of the Criminal Law 146

Ⅲ Three Issues： Autonomy， Unjust Discrimination and the Right to be Irrational 154

A The Diminished Autonomy Justification 155

B Two Conceptions of Minimal Autonomy 156

C The Diminished Autonomy Justification Again 163

D Unjust Discrimination and the Right to be Irrational 164

Ⅳ Conclusion 167

8 Security， Risk and Preventive Orders&Ian Dennis 169

Ⅰ Introduction 169

Ⅱ Why have Preventive Orders become Common Techniques of Crime Control？ 172

Ⅲ Criticisms of Preventive Orders 181

A ProcessIssues 181

B Substantive Issues 183

Ⅳ Reviewing Preventive Orders： Where Do We Go from Here？ 186

Ⅴ Conclusion 190

9 Imprisonment under the Precautionary Principle&Peter Ramsay 193

Ⅰ Imprisonment for Public Protection 195

A The Test of Dangerousness 195

B The Presumption of Dangerousness 197

C Imprisonment under the Precautionary Principle 200

D The Wrong of Dangerousness 204

Ⅱ The Ethics of Precaution 206

A Ignorance as an Ethical Foundation 209

B Precaution as Moral Order 210

Ⅲ After IPP： Extended Determinate Sentences and Mandatory Life 214

Ⅳ Conclusion 217

10 Erring on the Side of Safety： Risk Assessment， Expert Knowledge，and the Criminal Court&Lucia Zedner 219

Ⅰ The Right to be Presumed Free from Harmful Intentions 221

Ⅱ Applying Risk Labels 224

Ⅲ Justifying Intervention on Grounds of Risk 230

Ⅳ Re-Assessing Risk Assessment 232

Ⅴ Who is to Decide？ Psychiatric versus Legal Determinations 234

Ⅵ Conclusion 240

11 The Test for Dangerousness&Martin Wasik 243

Ⅰ Background 243

Ⅱ The Original Dangerous Offender Scheme 244

Ⅲ The Revised Dangerous Offender Scheme 246

Ⅳ The Test for Dangerousness 248

A Significant Risk 248

B Significant Risk of Serious Harm 249

C To Members of the Public 250

D By the Commission by Him of Further Specified Offences 250

Ⅴ The Information Base 251

Ⅵ Three Examples 254

Ⅶ Judges and the Assessment of Risk 257

Ⅷ Thresholds of Risk / Seriousness 258

Ⅸ Conclusion 262

12 Culpability in Self-defence and Crime Prevention&Jonathan Rogers 265

Ⅰ The Rules and Deficiencies in the Criminal Law 268

A Two Problems 272

Ⅱ Self-Defence， Violence and Legal Principles 276

A One Culpable Motivation and One Culpable Attitude 277

B Evidence of the Culpable Motive and Attitude 280

Ⅲ Non-Imminent Offences 284

Ⅳ Stage Agents and Private Citizens 287

Ⅴ Conclusions 291

13 The Hard Treatment of Innocent Persons in State Responses to the Threat of Large Scale， and Imminent Terrorist Violence： Examining the Legal Constraints&G R Sullivan 293

Ⅰ Terrorist Violence： Large Scale and Imminent 293

Ⅱ Innocent Persons and State Action 297

Ⅲ Justification， Excuse and Permissibility 300

Ⅳ Hard Treatment of Innocent Persons 305

A Innocent Persons Harmed due to their Close Proximity to State Interventions Made against Terrorists 305

B Innocent Persons known not to be Terrorists or Complicit with Terrorists but whose Harsh Treatment May Avert or Mitigate Imminent Terrorist Attacks 309

C Persons who are Assumed by Officials to be Terrorists or Complicit with Terrorists but in Fact Have No Terrorist Connection and No Knowledge nor Influence on Future Terrorist Attacks 314

Ⅴ Terrorism in the United Kingdom 319

Ⅵ Conclusion 321

Index 323