Introduction 1
Ⅰ.CYBERSPACE AS A LAWFUL SPACE 5
1.Command and Control 5
Cyberlibertarianism 5
Cyberpaternalism 8
Law as a System of Control? 10
The Limits of Control in Cyberspace 11
Escaping Control 16
2.The Route to Lawfulness 17
Applicability and Legitimate Authority 17
Respect-worthy Laws 20
Is Cyberspace Special? 25
Ⅱ.LAW-MAKING AUTHORITY 29
3.Extraterritoriality 29
Legitimate AuthoritY and Extraterritoriality 30
Masterly Inactity? 34
Avoiding Unintended Extraterritoriality 36
Irreconcilable Public Policies 44
Making Choices 47
4.Enforcing Law in Cyberspace 49
Enforcement against Individuals 50
Enforcement at the Macro Level 54
Where Next? 67
5.Sources ofAuthority 69
Applicability and Authority Distinguished 69
Power 74
Legitimacy 77
Community Membership 79
Individualized Authority 82
6.Authoritative Law-making 85
A Subject Rule of Recognition 85
Authority and Law-making 92
Competing Claims to Authority 100
Ⅲ.RESPECT-WORTHY LAWS 105
7.Cyberspace Communities and Cyberspace Norms 105
Transposing Offline Legal Norms to Cyberspace 106
Internal Norms of Cyberspace Communities 121
8.Three Ways to Make Meaningless Law 129
Over-complexity 130
Contradictory Rules 132
Precision 134
Making Meaningful Law 149
9.Mismatch with Cyber Reality 151
The Regulation of Proxies 152
Embedded Business Models 156
10.Aims and Effectiveness 179
Principles of Effectiveness 180
Empirical Testing 182
Reasons for Ineffectiveness 185
Cyberspace Law-making Aims 188
11.Future-proofing 189
Technology Neutrality 189
Can Technology Neutrality Achieve its Aims? 199
Non-future-proof Laws 202
Ⅳ.LAW-MAKING 207
12.Revisiting the Modalities of Regulation 207
The Interplay between the Modalities of Regulation 208
The Limits of Code’s Control 211
Law’s Limits 215
13.Making Laws for Cyberspace 219
Recognizing Limits 219
Starting Points 221
Regulating a Community 223
Norms and the Content of Law 226
‘Good’ Cyberspace Laws 229
Certainty and the Normative Trade-off 241
Epilogue 243
Index 245