Introduction 1
1 Defining a crime 6
Definitional difficulties 7
UN Genocide Convention definition 10
Genocidal intent 19
Democide 21
Politicide 24
Classicide 25
Gendercide 25
Precursors and atrocity crimes 26
Conclusions 27
2 States and genocide Ⅰ: state crime and war 28
The myth of spontaneity 28
State crime 29
States of exception 33
States and violence 35
Genocidal states 41
Revolutionary states 44
Genocidal motives 46
Conclusions 48
3 States and genocide Ⅱ: legitimacy and ideology 49
Legitimacy and hegemony 49
Authority 51
Ideology and genocide 57
Defining ideology 58
Nationalism 62
Past victimization 64
Dehumanization 66
Scapegoating 68
Absolutist worlclview 70
Utopianism 72
Conclusions 73
4 Perpetrators Ⅰ: the organizational context 74
Military and paramilitary perpetrators 75
Paramilitary groups 78
Arkan's Tigers 80
Interahamwe 82
Deniability 85
Force multiplier 87
Violence without limits 88
Bureaucracies 92
Professional socialization and conformity 93
Routinization 95
Bureaucratic complexity 96
State-corporate crime and profit 97
Conclusions 99
5 Perpetrators Ⅱ: the individual context 100
Beyond imagination 100
Myth of monsters 103
Resistance to violence 112
Techniques of neutralization 115
Authorization, routinization, and dehumanization 119
Shame 122
Conclusions 124
6 An end to genocide? 125
Present and future 125
Climate change and genocide 127
Sea level rise 128
Drought 131
Milosevic and The Hague 134
International law 136
The United Nations 137
International criminal tribunals 138
The International Criminal Court 139
Responsibility to protect 142
NOTES 145
BIBLIOGRAPHY 175
INDEX 195