Ⅰ INTRODUCTION 3
1 The Global Dimensions of Intellectual Property Rights in Science and Technology 3
2 Intellectual Property Institutions and the Panda's Thumb:Patents,Copyrights,and Trade Secrets in Economic Theory and History&Paul A.David 19
Ⅱ THE CASE FOR AND AGAINST A UNIFORM WORLDWIDE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS SYSTEM 65
Introduction 65
3 Why a Uniform Intellectual Property System Makes Sense for the World&Robert M.Sherwood 68
4 Harmonization Versus Differentiation in Intellectual Property Right Regimes&Claudio R.Frischtak 89
5 Unauthorized Use of Intellectual Property:Effects on Investment,Technology Transfer,and Innovation&Edwin Mansfield 107
Discussion 146
Ⅲ NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 151
Introduction 151
6 Comparative National Approaches to Intellectual Property Rights: 155
JAPAN,&James E.Armstrong III 155
THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY,&Bryan Harris 158
INDIA,&Deepak Nayyar 162
THE NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZING ECONOMIES,&Carlos Alberto Primo Braga 168
7 Update on International Negotiations on Intellectual Property Rights&Jacques J.Gorlin 175
Discussion 183
Ⅳ SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 189
Introduction 189
8 Trends in Global Science and Technology and What They Mean for Intellectual Property Systems&John A.Armstrong 192
9 Sectoral Views: 208
THE RESEARCH UNIVERSITY,&John T.Preston 208
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT,&Bruce Merrifield 214
U.S.INDUSTRY,&George W.McKinney III 217
10 Intellectual Property Rights and Competitive Strategy: 221
A MULTINATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL FIRM&Otto A.Stamm 221
A MULTINATIONAL ELECTRONICS FIRM&Michiyuki Uenohara 228
THE MEXICAN SOFTWARE INDUSTRY&Antonio Medina Mora Icaza 232
A MULTINATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS FIRM&William L.Keefauver 236
Discussion 241
Ⅴ ADAPTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS TO NEW TECHNOLOGIES 249
Introduction 249
11 Adapting the Intellectual Property System to New Technologies&John H.Barton 256
12 A Case Study on Computer Programs&Pamela Samuelson 284
13 Biotechnology Case Study&George B.Rathmann 319
14 Semiconductor Chip Protection as a Case Study&Morton David Goldberg 329
15 Optoelectronics&Eugene I.Gordon 339
Discussion 351
Ⅵ GLOBAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ISSUES IN PERSPECTIVE 357
Introduction 357
16 Global Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Perspective:A Concluding Panel Discussion&Robert E.Evenson 360
David C.Mowery 368
Michael Borrus 373
Robert W.Lucky 377
Eugene B.Skolnikoff 380
Discussion 384
Moderator's Summation 388
Coda:Issues for Future Research 391
Ⅶ APPENDIXES 397
A.Conference Agenda 397
B.Biographies of Contributors 401
Index 419