PART 1 Theoretical foundations 1
1 Theories of offending 3
Theories of crime and criminal behaviour 3
Level Ⅰ: Society 4
Level Ⅱ: Community 6
Level Ⅲ:Social groups 7
Level Ⅳ: Criminal acts and events 14
Level Ⅴ: Individual level 17
Conclusion 32
2 Theories of offender rehabilitation 33
Features of effective offender rehabilitation 34
The RNR of offender rehabilitation 37
The GLM 41
Conclusion 46
PART 2 From theory to practice 47
3 Theories of behaviour and behaviour change 49
Self determination theory 50
Social cognitive theory 55
Self-regulation theory 58
Behaviour enaction models 63
Cognitive behavioural theory 68
Conclusion 78
4 Forensic assessment and case formulation 80
Psychological assessment 81
Assess the offending behaviour 85
Limitations and ethical issues of a functional analysis approach to risk formulation 100
Case formulation 102
Case example 104
Conclusion 111
PART 3 Practice examples: Working with different groups 113
5 Sex offenders 115
Prevalence of sex offending and sex offenders 115
Aetiology of sexual offending 116
Assessment of sex offenders 117
Sex offender treatment: Current practice 120
Case example 122
6 Violent offenders 129
Understanding violence 129
Violent offender treatment 131
Case example 133
7 Substance use 140
Theoretical explanations of the drug-crime nexus 140
Assessment issues 142
Substance abuse treatment 143
Case example 147
8 Female offenders 152
The aetiology of female offending: Gendered-specific 152
needs and offence pathways 153
Assessment of female offenders 154
Treatment issues for female offenders 156
Ease example 157
9 Young offenders 164
Base rates 164
Assessing risk 165
Interventions 166
Case example 168
10 Mentally disordered offenders 174
The prevalence of mental illness among offenders 174
Treatment of mentally disordered offenders 177
Case example 178
11 Professional practice 184
Codes and guidelines 185
Specific issues for ethical professional praetice 185
Supervision 190
Conclusion 191
Glossary 192
References 199
Index 233