Chapter Ⅰ.Introduction 1
The problems and questions limited and formulated 1
The Outer Space Court-Background and Illustrations 4
Illustrations of other bodies and courts 4
The United Nations Charter's provisions examined 5
The adjudicatory provisions 6
Article 2,paragraph 3 6
Article 33 8
The enforcement provisions-Charter Chapter Ⅶ and Article 94 9
The 1972 Liability Treaty-Preliminary Examination 11
Limitation of subject matter jurisdiction 11
Inadequacy of the substantive provisions 11
Inadequacy of the procedural provisions 12
The amending provisions 13
The method of analysis 14
Notes 15
Chapter Ⅱ.The Background of the 1967 Outer Space and 1972 Liability Treaties 27
Non-governmental writings,conferences,and activities 28
United Nations activities 29
Conclusions 30
Notes 33
Chapter Ⅲ.The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 and Its Inconclusiveness For Legal Liability 41
Analysis of general Treaty language 43
In Articles Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅸ,and ⅩⅢ 43
In Articles Ⅵ and Ⅷ 45
Article Ⅵ 45
Article Ⅷ 49
Analysis of Article Ⅶ 50
The Article's terms 50
A conceivable interpretation 53
Conclusions 54
In general 54
Declaring or creating law 55
The 1967 Treaty as a stop-gap document 57
Analysis of the 1968 Astronaut Rescue Treaty 58
The 1972 Liability Treaty 60
The 1979 Moon Convention 60
Conclusion 61
Notes 61
Chapter Ⅳ.The Liability Treaty of 1972 and Its Inconclusiveness For Legal Liability 69
Declaring or creating law 70
The Preamble 72
The substantive provisions 75
Principles of legal liability and of exoneration 75
Absolute liability 76
Fault liability 80
Exoneration:gross negligence and intent to cause damage 81
A diagrammatic representation 83
An observation 83
Procedural principles-joint and several liability and apportionment of damages 85
The procedural provisions-claims and the Claims Commission 87
Analysis of provisions 87
Formation of a Claims Commission 93
The Secretary-General's equivocal position 94
Award and compensation 96
A diagrammatic representation 97
Notes 99
Chapter Ⅴ.The International Court for Outer Space 121
Introduction 121
Composition of the Court 124
Finality and enforcement of determination as a necessity 126
Jurisdiction 130
Geographical 130
In general 130
In particular 131
Individuals' complaints 133
The desideratum 133
The compromise 134
Immunity of States 134
The several doctrines 135
Sovereign immunity 135
Restrictive immunity:act-of-state 135
Voluntary withdrawal of immunity 136
Two caveats 136
Conclusions 137
Subject matter jurisdiction and principles of liability 137
Preliminary 138
Outline of four aspects of subject matter jurisdiction 141
Possible allocations of subject matter jurisdiction 142
Solely inner space contract or tort problems 144
Solely outer space contract or tort problems 145
Space problems which are questionably solely,related,or combined outer,inner,or dual 150
Notes 154
Chapter Ⅵ.Conclusions and Amendments 190
Amendments and contract jurisdiction 190
Amendments 190
Contract jurisdiction 193
Finality and enforcement 194
The International Court for Outer Space: A Compromise Suggestion 196
Notes 199
Appendices 203
Outlines of Possible Fact Situations for Claims Purposes 203
Ⅰ.Contracts-Delicts (Torts) (Identical Permutations and Combinations) 203
Ⅱ.Outer Space Per Se-Occupation or Possession of 210
Ⅲ.Outer Space Per Se-Occupation or Contamination by Manmade Junk,Debris,Chemicals,Gases,etc. 213
Ⅳ.Celestial Bodies (Excluding Earth),e.g.,The Moon Treaties and Conventions 218
Ⅴ.1976 Outer Space Treaty 219
Ⅵ.1968 Astronaut Rescue Treaty 227
Ⅶ.1972 Liability Treaty 231
Ⅷ.1974 Registration Treaty 242
Ⅸ.1979 Moon Convention 248
Tables 261
Ⅰ.Selected Acronyms 261
Ⅱ.Table of Cases 263
Ⅲ.Treaties-Liability Treaty 1972 265
-Outer Space Treaty 1967 266
-United Nations Charter 266
Selected Bibliography 267
Index 271