PART 1：PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL PRACTICE 第1篇：医疗实践原则 1
SECTION Ⅰ：HUMANISM AND ETHICS 第Ⅰ部分 人道主义和伦理观 2
1 Introduction to Internal Medicine as a Discipline 作为一门学科引入内科学 2
2 Clinical Medicine，Clinical Ethics and Physicians'Professionalism 临床医学、临床伦理学和内科医师的职业特性 4
SECTION Ⅱ：BASIC MECHANISMS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE 第Ⅱ部分 健康和疾病的基础机制 9
3 The Genome Project and Molecular Diagnosis 基因组表达和分子诊断 9
4 Cell Growth，Differentiation，and Death 细胞生长、分化和死亡 11
5 Principles of the Immune Response 免疫应答的原理 14
6 Inflammation：Cells，Cytokines，and Other Mediators 炎症：细胞、细胞因子和其他介质 22
7 Mechanisms of Hormone Action 激素作用的机制 25
8 Principles of Nutrition 营养学原理 33
9 Principles of the Renal Regulation of Fluid and Electrolytes 肾脏调节体液和电解质的原理 47
10 Pulmonary Gas Exchange 肺的气体交换 54
11 Vascular Biology 血管生物学 67
12 Disorders of Lipid Metabolism 脂质代谢病 72
13 Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化的发病机制 94
14 Some Functional Pathways in the Central Nervous System 中枢神经系统中的若干功能性通路 99
15 Biology and Genetics of Aging and Longevity 高龄与长寿的生物学和遗传学 108
16 Clinical Physiology of Aging 高龄患者的临床生理学 118
17 Healthcare Implications of an Aging Society 老龄社会卫生保健问题 127
18 Host-Microbe Interaction 宿主-微生物交互作用 136
19 Etiology of Malignant Disease 恶性疾病的病因学 141
20 Molecular and Cell Biology of Neoplasia 肿瘤的分子生物学和细胞生物学 147
21 Epidemiology of Malignant Disease 恶性疾病的流行病学 152
22 Prevention of Neoplasia 肿瘤的预防 155
23 Transplantation Immunology 移植免疫学 159
SECTION Ⅲ：APPROACH TO COMMON PRIMARY CARE ISSUES 第Ⅲ部分 公共初级保健问题的研究 164
24 Periodic Health Evaluation 定期健康评价 164
25 Preoperative Medical Evaluation 术前医学评价 168
26 Immunizations 免疫法 169
27 Infectious Disease Prevention in the International Traveler 国际旅客传染病的预防 174
28 Cancer Screening and Early Detection 癌症筛选和早期检测 179
29 Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease 心血管疾病的流行病学和预防 182
30 Systemic Hypertension 系统性高血压 191
31 Approaches to Hypercholesterolemia and Other Abnormal Lipid Profiles 高胆固醇血症和其他脂廓清障碍疾病的处理 201
32 Approach to the Patient With Chest Pain(Cardiac and Non-Cardiac) 胸痛(心源性和非心源性)病人的处理 214
33 Smoking and Smoking Cessation 吸烟和戒烟 219
34 Approach to the Problem of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence 酗酒和酒精依赖问题的处理 224
35 Approach to the Problem of Substance Abuse 精神作用物质滥用问题的处理 229
36 Obesity 肥胖 233
37 Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorders 神经性厌食和进食障碍 242
38 Approach to the Patient With Unintentional Weight Loss 无意识体重下降病人的处理 245
39 Depression，Anxiety，and Other Psychiatric Disorders 抑郁、焦虑和其他心理性疾病 247
40 Care of the Dying Patient 濒死病人的护理 251
SECTION Ⅳ：PRINCIPLES OF CLINICAL EVALUATION 第Ⅳ部分 临床评估的原则 255
41 The Clinical Approach to the Patient 对病人的临床处理 255
42 Principles of Clinical Epidemiology 临床流行病学原则 257
43 Evidence-Based Medicine 循证医学 260
44 Computers in Support of Clinical Decision Making 临床判定的计算机支持 264
45 Quality Improvement and Clinical Outcomes Assessment 质量提高和临床效果评定 268
46 Assessment of Physician Performance in the New Health Care Environment 在新的保健环境下医师工作的评定 272
47 Medical Malpractice and Risk Management 医疗差错和风险的处理措施 275
SECTION Ⅴ：RELATED MEDICAL DISCIPLINES 第Ⅴ部分 相关的医疗学科 278
48 Adolescent Medicine 青少年医学 278
49 Principles of Occupational Medicine 职业病医学原理 282
50 Medical Ophthalmology 眼科医学 288
51 Medical Otolaryngology 耳鼻喉医学 291
52 Principles of Women's Medicine 妇科医学原理 299
53 Principles of Sports Medicine 运动医学原理 303
54 Principles of Rehabilitation Medicine 康复医学原理 308
55 Principles of Clinical Pharmacology 临床药理学原理 311
56 Alternative Medicine：Prevalence，Cost，and Usefulness 选择性医疗：流行、费用和有用性 319
SECTION Ⅵ ：SELECTED MEDICAL EMERGENCIES 第Ⅵ部分 选择性急症医学 324
57 General Principles in the Approach to the Patient with an Acute Emergency 急症病人一般处理原则 324
58 Animal Bites and Stings 动物叮咬 335
59 Near Drowning 淹溺 339
60 Treatment of Anaphylaxis 过敏的治疗 342
61 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 心肺复苏 345
62 Hyperthermia and Hypothermia 高体温和低体温 349
63 Ionizing Radiation Injuries 离子辐射损伤 352
PART 2：CARDIOLOGY 第2篇 心脏病学 359
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS 第1部分 心血管病病人的处理 360
64 Essential Features of the Cardiac History and Physical Examination 心脏病病史及体检的基本特点 360
65 Approach to the Patient With Chest Pain 胸痛病人的处理 368
66 Approach to the Patient With Heart Failure 心衰病人的处理 374
67 Approach to the Patient With Cardiac Arrhythmias 心律失常病人的处理 381
68 Approach to the Patient With Heart Murmurs 心脏杂音病人的处理 389
69 Approach to the Patient With Syncope 晕厥病人的处理 396
70 Approach to the Pregnant Patient With Heart Disease 有心脏病妊娠病人的处理 406
71 Approach to the Patient With Hypotension and Shock 低血压和休克病人的处理 415
SECTION Ⅱ：DISORDERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 第Ⅱ部分 心血管系统疾病 428
72 Coronary Artery Disease 冠状动脉疾病 428
73 Acute Myocardial Infarction 急性心肌梗死 448
74 Myocardial Diseases 心肌疾病 464
75 Tumors of the Heart 心脏肿瘤 474
76 Cardiac Arrhythmias 心律失常 481
77 Valvular Heart Disease 心脏瓣膜疾病 503
78 Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult 成人的先天性心脏病 521
79 Pericardial Diseases 心包疾病 540
80 Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale 肺动脉高压和心肺疾病 547
81 Vascular Medicine 血管病医学 554
82 Genetics of the Cardiovascular System 心血管系统的遗传学 569
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 第Ⅲ部分 心血管疾病的诊断和治疗方式 579
83 Cardiovascular Radiology 心血管放射学 579
84 Electrocardiography，Exercise Stress Testing，and Ambulatory Monitoring 心电图、运动应激试验和移动监测 584
85 Echocardiography 超声心动图 597
86 Radionuclide and Magnetic Resonance Techniques 核放射和核共振技术 610
87 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Catheterization 诊断性和治疗性导管插入术 623
88 Electrophysiologic Testing 电生理学试验 635
89 Principles of Cardiac Conditioning and Rehabilitation 心脏条件反射和康复的原理 644
90 Clinical Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Drugs 心血管药物的临床药理学 651
91 Use of Anticoagulant Drugs 抗凝药物的使用 673
92 Principles and Applications of Cardiac Surgery 心脏外科的原理及应用 684
93 Medical Management of the Cardiac Transplant Patient 心脏移植病人的药物治疗 691
PART 3：GASTROENTEROLOGY 第3篇 胃肠病学 697
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH DIGESTIVE AND HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS 第Ⅰ部分 消化及肝胆系统紊乱病人的处理 698
94 Approach to the Patient With Dysphagia 吞咽困难病人的处理 698
95 Approach to the Patient With Noncardiac Chest Pain 非心脏性胸痛病人的处理 702
96 Approach to the Patient With Abdominal Pain 腹痛病人的处理 707
97 Approach to the Patient With Acute Abdomen 急腹症病人的处理 718
98 Approach to the Patient With Nausea and Vomiting 恶心和呕吐病人的处理 729
99 Approach to the Patient With Diarrhea 腹泻病人的处理 738
100 Approach to the Patient With Constipation，Fecal Incontinence，and Gas 便秘、大便失禁和胀气病人的处理 755
101 Approach to the Patient With an Abdominal or Rectal Mass 腹部或直肠肿物病人的处理 763
102 Approach to the Patient With Gastrointestinal Bleeding 胃肠道出血病人的处理 770
103 Approach to the Patient With Jaundice 黄疸病人的处理 782
104 Approach to the Patient With Abnormal Liver Chemistries 肝化学异常病人的处理 791
105 Approach to the Patient With Complications of Chronic Liver Disease and Fulminant Hepatic Failure 慢性肝病和暴发性肝衰竭并发症病人的处理 801
SECTION Ⅱ A：DISORDERS OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT 第ⅡA部分 消化道疾病 813
106 Diseases of the Esophagus 食道疾病 813
107 Gastroduodenal Ulcer Disease and Gastritis 胃十二指肠溃疡病和胃炎 824
108 Motor Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract 胃肠道动力功能障碍 844
109 Irritable Bowel Syndrome 肠易激惹综合征 851
110 Disorders of Digestion and Absorption 消化和吸收功能障碍 856
111 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 肠道炎性疾病 876
112 Mesenteric Vascular Diseases 肠系膜血管病 896
113 Gastrointestinal Infections 胃肠道感染 905
114 Gastrointestinal Diseases With an Immune Basis 与免疫有关的胃肠道疾病 917
115 Upper Gastrointestinal Neoplasms 上胃肠道肿瘤 925
116 Colorectal Neoplasia 结肠直肠肿瘤 932
SECTION Ⅱ B：DISORDERS OF THE PANCREAS，LIVER，AND BILIARY TRACT 第ⅡB部分 胰腺、肝脏和胆道系统疾病 943
117 Pancreatitis 胰腺炎 943
118 Pancreatic Cancer and Gut Neuroendocrine Tumors 胰腺癌和肠道神经内分泌肿瘤 961
119 Viral Hepatitis 病毒性肝炎 970
120 Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 自身免疫性肝炎和原发性胆汁性肝硬化 978
121 Alcoholic Liver Diseases 酒精性肝病 984
122 Drug-Induced Hepatic Injury 药物导致的肝损害 996
123 Metabolic，Granulomatous，and Infiltrative Disorders of the Liver 肝脏代谢性、肉芽肿性和浸润性疾病 1011
124 Gallstones and Cholecystitis 胆石症和胆囊炎 1017
125 Biliary Tract Disease 胆道疾病 1025
126 Hepatobiliary Neoplasms 肝胆肿瘤 1032
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN DIGESTIVE AND HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS 第Ⅲ部分 消化和肝胆系统疾病的诊断和治疗方式 1040
127 Endoscopic Diagnosis and Therapy 内镜诊断与治疗 1040
128 Abdominal and Alimentary Tract Imaging and Interventional Radiology 腹部和消化道造影及介入放射学 1049
129 Diagnostic Tests in Gastrointestinal Motility and Physiology 胃肠动力学和生理学的诊断性试验 1055
130 Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 肠外和肠内营养 1062
131 Laproscopic Surgery for Gastrointestinal Disorders 胃肠道疾病的腹腔镜外科学 1074
132 Liver Transplantation 肝脏移植 1082
PART 4：NEPHROLOGY 第4篇 肾脏病学 1091
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH RENAL AND ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS 第Ⅰ部分 肾和电解质功能紊乱病人的处理 1092
133 Approach to the Patient With Renal Disease 肾脏病病人的处理 1092
134 Approach to the Patient With Hematuria 血尿病人的处理 1095
135 Approach to the Patient With Proteinuria and Nephrotic Syndrome 蛋白尿和肾病综合征病人的处理 1098
136 Approach to the Patient With Dysuria and Pyuria 排尿困难和脓尿病人的处理 1105
137 Approach to the Patient With Polyuria or Nocturia 多尿或夜尿病人的处理 1108
138 Approach to the Patient With Urinary Retention and Obstruction 尿潴留和尿道梗阻病人的处理 1112
139 Approach to the Patient With Nephrolithiasis 肾结石病人的处理 1119
140 Approach to the Patient With Oliguriaand Acute Renal Failure 少尿和急性肾衰竭病人的处理 1124
141 Approach to the Patient With Chronic Renal Failure 慢性肾衰竭病人的处理 1133
142 Approach to the Patient With Volume Depletion and Dehydration 血容量减少和脱水病人的处理 1146
143 Approach to the Patient With Edema 水肿病人的处理 1148
144 Approach to the Patient With Hyponatremia 低钠血症病人的处理 1150
145 Approach to the Patient With Hypernatremia 高钠血症病人的处理 1157
146 Approach to the Patient With Hypokalemia 低钾血症病人的处理 1162
147 Approach to the Patient With Hyperkalemia 高钾血症病人的处理 1167
148 Approach to the Patient With Altered Magnesium Concentration 血镁浓度改变病人的处理 1172
149 Approach to the Patient With Acid-Base Abnormalities 酸碱平衡紊乱病人的处理 1176
SECTION Ⅱ：DISORDERS OF THE KIDNEY 第Ⅱ部分 肾脏疾病 1191
150 Immune-Mediated Glomerulopathies 免疫介导的肾小球病 1191
151 Tubulointerstitial Diseases 肾小管间质性疾病 1208
152 Vascular Diseases of the Kidney 肾脏血管疾病 1213
153 Diabetes and the Kidney 糖尿病和肾脏 1218
154 Dysproteinemias and the Kidney 蛋白异常血症和肾脏 1223
155 Renal Tubular Acidosis and Fanconi Syndrome 肾小管性酸中毒和范科尼综合征 1228
156 Renal Cysts and Cystic Diseases 肾囊肿和囊性疾病 1232
157 Hereditary Nephropathies 遗传性肾病 1235
158 Obstructive Nephropathy 梗阻性肾病 1238
159 Renal Lithiasis 肾结石 1243
160 Tumors of the Kidney，Ureter，and Bladder 肾脏、输尿管和膀胱肿瘤 1248
161 Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney，Ureter，and Bladder 先天性肾脏、输尿管和膀胱异常 1254
162 Pregnancy，the Kidney，and Hypertension 妊娠、肾脏和高血压 1260
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN RENAL AND ELECTROLYTE DISEASES 第Ⅲ部分 肾脏疾病和电解质紊乱的诊断和治疗方式 1266
163 Laboratory Evaluation of Renal Disorders 肾脏疾病的实验室评价 1266
164 Renal Biopsy and Treatment of Glomerular Disease 肾活组织检查和肾小球疾病的治疗 1273
165 Renal Substitution Treatment in Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 急性和慢性肾功能衰竭患者的肾替代治疗 1290
166 Renal Transplantation 肾移植 1297
167 Adjustment of Drug Dosage in Patients With Renal Insufficiency 肾功能不全患者药物剂量的调整 1304
PART 5：RHEUMATOLOGIC，ALLERGIC，AND DERMATOLOGIC DISEASES 第5篇：风湿性疾病、变应性疾病和皮肤病 1315
Rheumatology and Allergy 风湿病学和变态反应 1316
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH RHEUMATOLOGIC AND ALLERGIC DISORDERS 第Ⅰ部分 风湿性疾病和变应性疾病患者的治疗 1316
168 Approach to the Patient With Musculoskeletal Complaints 肌肉骨骼疾病患者的治疗 1316
169 Approach to the Patient With Pain in One or a Few Joints 单关节痛或多关节痛患者的治疗 1320
170 Approach to the Patient With Polyarthritis or Generalized Musculoskeletal Pain 多关节炎或全身肌肉骨骼痛患者的治疗 1324
171 Approach to the Patient With Back Pain 背痛患者的治疗 1331
172 Approach to the Patient With Anergy 无反应性患者的治疗 1338
173 Approach to the Patient With Allergy 变态反应患者的治疗 1340
SECTION Ⅱ：DISORDERS OF THE RHEUMATOLOGIC AND ALLERGIC SYSTEMS 第Ⅱ部分 风湿性和变态反应性系统的疾病 1347
174 Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿关节炎 1347
175 Osteoarthritis and Polychondritis 骨关节炎和多软骨炎 1359
176 Spondyloarthropathies 脊椎关节病 1364
177 Crystal-Induced Synovitis 结晶诱导性滑膜炎 1370
178 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Overlap Syndromes 系统性红斑狼疮和重叠综合征 1375
179 Scleroderma and Raynaud's Syndrome 硬皮病和雷诺综合征 1392
180 Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies 特发性炎性肌病 1399
181 Vasculitis：Its Many Forms 血管炎：多种形式 1404
182 Infectious Arthritis 感染性关节炎 1418
183 Lyme Disease 莱姆病 1424
184 Infiltrative，Neoplastic，and Endocrinologic Causes of Musculoskeletal Complaints 肌肉骨骼疾病的浸润性、瘤性和内分泌性因素 1431
185 Fibromyalgia(Fibrositis)，Chronic Fatigue Syndrome，Bursitis，and Other Nonarticular Rheumatic Complaints 纤维肌痛(肌风湿病)、慢性疲劳综合征、滑囊炎和其他非关节性风湿病 1436
186 Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue 遗传性结缔组织疾病 1439
187 Inherited Deficiencies of Complement and Immunoglobulins 先天性补体和免疫球蛋白缺乏 1445
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN RHEUMATOLOGIC AND ALLERGIC DISEASES 第Ⅲ部分 风湿性疾病和变态反应性疾病的诊断和治疗方式 1451
188 Use of Laboratory Tests in Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases 风湿性和免疫性疾病实验室检查的应用 1451
189 Arthroscopy 关节镜检查 1458
190 Imaging Techniques for Rheumatologic Diagnosis 诊断风湿病的显像技术 1460
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH DERMATOLOGIC DISEASES 第Ⅰ部分 皮肤病患者的治疗 1469
191 Approach to the Patient With Skin Lesions 皮肤损害患者的治疗 1469
Dermatology 皮肤病学 1469
192 Approach to the Patient With Alopecia or Balding 脱发或秃头患者的治疗 1478
SECTION Ⅱ：DISORDERS OF THE DERMATOLOGIC SYSTEMS 第Ⅱ部分 皮肤系统的疾病 1481
193 Psoriasis，Lichen Planus，and Pityriasis Rosea 银屑病、扁平苔藓和玫瑰糠疹 1481
194 Infections of Skin 皮肤感染 1486
195 Bullous Diseases of Skin and Mucous Membranes 皮肤和黏膜大疱性疾病 1490
196 Atopic and Contact Dermatitis 特异反应性和接触性皮炎 1494
197 Allergic Urticaria and Erythema Multiforme 变应性荨麻疹和多形红斑 1496
198 Approach to the Management of Skin Cancer 皮肤癌的治疗方法 1499
199 Cutaneous Reactions to Drugs 皮肤对药物的反应 1503
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN DERMATOLOGIC DISEASES 第Ⅲ部分 皮肤病的诊断和治疗方式 1508
200 Dermatologic Diagnosis：Fundamentals for the Internist 皮肤病诊断：内科医师遵循的基本原则 1508
PART 6：ONCOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY 第6篇 肿瘤学和血液学 1521
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH ONCOLOGIC AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS 第Ⅰ部分 肿瘤和血液病患者的治疗 1522
201 Approach to the Patient With Lymphadenopathy 淋巴结病患者的治疗 1522
202 Approach to the Patient With Splenomegaly 脾肿大患者的治疗 1530
203 Approach to the Patient With a Mediastinal Mass 纵隔肿物患者的治疗 1535
204 Approach to the Patient With Superior Vena Cava Syndrome 上腔静脉综合征患者的治疗 1540
205 Approach to the Patient With a Palpable Breast Mass and/or An Abnormal Mammogram 可触知的乳房肿块和(或)乳房X射线照片异常患者的治疗 1543
206 Approach to the Patient With a Testicular Mass 睾丸肿物患者的治疗 1551
207 Approach to the Patient With a Prostate Nodule or Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen Level 前列腺小瘤和前列腺特异性抗原水平增高患者的治疗 1553
208 Approach to the Patient With an Adnexal Mass 附件肿物患者的治疗 1556
209 Approach to the Patient With an Abnormal Papanicolaou Smear 巴帕尼科拉乌涂片异常患者的治疗 1562
210 Approach to the Patient With A Pathologic Fracture 病理性骨折患者的治疗 1567
211 Approach to the Patient With Anemia 贫血患者的治疗 1570
212 Approach to the Patient With Leukopenia 白细胞减少症患者的治疗 1575
213 Approach to the Patient With Thrombocytopenia 血小板减少症患者的治疗 1582
214 Approach to the Patient With Pancytopenia 全血细胞减少患者的治疗 1589
215 Approach to the Patient With an Elevated Hemoglobin Level 高血红素患者的治疗 1594
216 Approach to the Patient With Leukocytosis 白细胞增多患者的治疗 1598
217 Approach to the Patient With Thrombocytosis 血小板增多症患者的治疗 1601
218 Approach to the Patient With Bleeding 出血患者的治疗 1606
219 Approach to the Patient With Thrombosis 血栓症患者的治疗 1614
SECTION Ⅱ：DISORDERS OF ONCOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY 第Ⅱ部分 肿瘤学和血液学疾病 1618
220 Breast Cancer 乳癌 1618
221 Gynecologic Malignancies 妇科恶性肿瘤 1634
222 Germ Cell Malignancies in Men 男性恶性生殖细胞瘤 1639
223 Prostate Cancer 前列腺癌 1644
224 Sarcomas of Soft Tissue and Bone 软组织肉瘤和骨肉瘤 1648
225 Epithelial Malignancies of the Head and Neck 头颈部恶性上皮肿瘤 1653
226 Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin 基本起源不明的癌症 1659
227 Acute Leukemias 急性白血病 1663
228 Chronic Leukemias 慢性白血病 1672
229 Myelodysplastic Syndrome 骨髓增生异常综合征 1676
230 Aplastic Anemia and Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes 再生障碍性贫血和骨髓衰竭综合征 1680
231 Myeloproliferative Disorders：Polycythemia Vera，Thrombocythemia，and Myelofibrosis 骨髓增生性疾病：真性红细胞增多症、血小板增多症和骨髓纤维化 1684
232 Hodgkin's Disease 霍奇金病 1689
233 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas 非霍奇金淋巴瘤 1694
234 Plasma Cell Disorders 浆细胞病 1700
235 Amyloidosis 淀粉样变性 1707
236 Waldenstr？m's Macroglobulinemia 瓦尔登斯特伦巨球蛋白血症 1710
237 Inherited Disorders of Blood Coagulation 遗传性血液凝固疾病 1712
238 Acquired Disorders of Blood Coagulation 后天性血液凝固疾病 1718
239 Disorders of Platelet Function 血小板功能障碍 1723
240 Thrombotic Disorders 血栓性疾病 1733
241 Hemoglobinopathies 血红蛋白病 1740
242 Iron Deficiency and Iron Loading Anemias 缺铁性贫血和铁负荷性贫血 1753
243 Megaloblastic Anemias 巨幼细胞贫血 1758
244 Hemolytic Anemias 溶血性贫血 1769
245 Sickle Cell Anemia 镰状细胞贫血 1788
246 Anemia of Chronic Disease 慢性病诱发的贫血 1794
247 Paraneoplastic Syndromes 副癌综合征 1797
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN ONCOLOGIC AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS 第Ⅲ部分 肿瘤和血液病的诊断和治疗方式 1801
248 Imaging in Oncology 肿瘤显像术 1801
249 Pathology and Cytology 病理学和细胞学 1806
250 Tumor Markers 肿瘤标记 1811
251 Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer 癌症的分子诊断 1815
252 Principles of Surgical Oncology 外科肿瘤学原则 1825
253 Principles of Radiation Oncology 放射肿瘤学原则 1830
254 Principles of Chemotherapy and Hormonal Therapy 化学疗法和激素疗法的原则 1835
255 Principles of Biologic Therapy 生物学疗法的原则 1849
256 Hematopoietic Growth Factors 造血生长因子 1854
257 Blood Types，Tissue Typing，and Transfusion of Blood Products 血型、组织配型和血制品输注 1858
258 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 造血干细胞移植 1865
259 Anticoagulant and Fibrinolytic Therapy 抗凝和纤溶疗法 1872
260 Cancer Pain Management 癌痛治疗 1875
261 Antiemetic Treatment 止吐治疗 1880
262 Design and Conduct of Cancer Clinical Trials 癌症临床试验的设计与实施 1883
PART 7：INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND AIDS 第7篇 传染病和艾滋病 1887
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH INFECTIOUS DISEASES 第Ⅰ部分 传染病患者的治疗 1888
263 Approach to the Patient With Cellulitis and Other Soft-Tissue Infections 蜂窝织炎和其他软组织感染患者的治疗 1888
Infectious Diseases 传染病 1888
264 Intra-Abdominal Abscess：Diagnosis and Management 腹腔脓肿：诊断和处理 1895
265 Approach to the Patient With Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎患者的治疗 1900
266 Approach to the Febrile Patient 发热患者的治疗 1906
267 Approach to Infection in the Immunocompromised Host 免疫妥协宿主感染的治疗 1911
268 Approach to the Patient With Bacteremia and Sepsis 菌血症和败血症患者的治疗 1918
269 Approach to the Patient With Recurrent Infections 复发性感染患者的治疗 1926
SECTION Ⅱ：INFECTIOUS DISEASES 第Ⅱ部分 传染病 1931
270 Endocarditis，Intravascular Infections，Pericarditis and Myocarditis 心内膜炎、血管内感染、心包炎和心肌炎 1931
271 Approach to Infections of the Genitourinary Tract，Including Perinephric Abscess and Prostatitis 泌尿生殖道感染的治疗，包括肾周脓肿和前列腺炎 1941
272 Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Genital Tract Infections 性传播疾病和生殖道感染 1948
273 Surgical Infections，including Burns and Postoperative Infections 外科感染，包括烧伤和术后感染 1957
Bacterial Infections 细菌性感染 1961
274 Staphylococcal Infections 葡萄球菌感染 1961
275 Streptococcal Infections 链球菌感染 1965
276 Anthrax 炭疽热 1978
277 Listeria and Erysipeloid Infections 李斯特菌感染和类丹毒感染 1980
278 Corynebacterial Infections 棒状杆菌感染 1984
279 Meningococcal Infections 脑膜炎球菌感染 1986
280 Gonococcal Infections 淋球菌感染 1990
281 Salmonellosis 沙门菌病 1997
282 Shigellosis 志贺细菌性痢疾 2000
283 Infections Caused by Vibrio and Campylobacter Species 由弧菌属和弯曲杆菌属引起的感染 2005
284 Infection Caused by Heliobacter pylori 由幽门螺杆菌引起的感染 2012
285 Brucellosis，Tularemia，Pasteurellosis，and Yersiniosis 布鲁菌病、土拉菌病、巴斯德菌病和耶尔森菌病 2015
286 Infections Caused by Hemophilus and Bordetella Species 由嗜血杆菌属和博代杆菌属引起的感染 2022
287 Legionellosis 军团病 2028
288 Chancroid and Granuloma Inguinale 软下疳和腹股沟肉芽肿 2032
289 Bartonellosis 巴尔通体病 2034
290 Clostridial Infections 梭状芽胞杆菌感染 2036
291 Infections Caused by Nonclostridial Anaerobes 由非梭状厌氧菌引起的感染 2041
292 Cat-Scratch Disease，Bacillary Angioimatosis，and Peliosis Hepatitis 猫抓病、杆菌性血管瘤病和紫癜性肝炎 2050
293 Rat-Bite Fever 鼠咬热 2053
Mycobacterial Infections 分枝杆菌感染 2055
294 Tuberculosis 结核病 2055
295 Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases 非结核分枝杆菌病 2065
296 Leprosy 麻风 2072
Spirochetal Infections 螺旋体感染 2073
297 Syphilis 梅毒 2073
298 Nonvenereal Treponematoses：Yaws，Pinta and Endemic Syphilis 非性病性密螺旋体属：雅司病、品他病和地方性梅毒 2082
299 Leptospirosis 钩端螺旋体病 2085
300 Relapsing Fever 回归热 2087
Infections Caused by Fungi and Higher Bacteria 由真菌和高等微生物引起的感染 2090
301 Actinomycetes：Nocardiosis，Actinomycetoma，Actinomycosis 放线菌：诺卡放线菌病、放线菌性足分枝菌病、放线菌病 2090
302 Infections Caused by Dimorphic Fungi 由双态性真菌引起的感染 2094
303 Opportunistic Fungal Infections 机会性真菌感染 2099
Rickettsial Infections 立克次体感染 2105
304 Infections Caused by Rickettsia，Ehrlicbia Orienta，and Coxiella 由立克次体、东方埃利希体和柯克斯体属引起的感染 2105
Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections 支原体和衣原体感染 2110
305 Infections Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the Genital Mycoplasmas 由肺炎支原体和生殖道支原体引起的感染 2110
306 Chlamydial Infections 衣原体感染 2113
Viral Infections 病毒性感染 2118
307 Infections Caused by Arboviruses 由虫媒病毒引起的感染 2118
308 Infections Caused by Arenaviruses，Hantaviruses and Filoviruses 由沙粒病毒、汉坦病毒和丝状病毒引起的感染 2123
309 Poxvirus Infections 痘病毒感染 2136
310 Respiratory Viral Infections 呼吸道病毒感染 2138
311 Measles，Mumps，and Rubella 麻疹、流行性腮腺炎和风疹 2147
312 Herpes Simplex Virus Infections 单纯疱疹病毒感染 2152
313 Cytomegalovirus E-细胞病毒 2177
314 Epstein-Barr Virus，and the Infectious Mononucleosis Syndrome E-B病毒和传染性单核细胞增多综合征 2179
315 Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection 水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染 2185
316 Enterovirus Infections 肠道病毒感染 2189
317 Viral Gastroenteritis 病毒性胃肠炎 2192
318 Rabies 狂犬病 2194
319 Human Papillomaviruses 人乳头状瘤病毒 2199
320 Human Herpesvirus 6 人疱疹病毒6型 2204
Parasitic Infections 寄生虫感染 2206
321 Intestinal Protozoa 肠内原虫 2206
322 Malaria 疟疾 2210
323 Leishmaniasis 利什曼病 2215
324 African and American Trypanosomiasis 非洲和美洲锥虫病 2220
325 Babesiosis 巴贝西虫病 2226
326 Toxoplasmosis 弓形体病 2230
327 Pneumocystosis 肺孢子虫病 2236
328 Trichomoniasis 毛滴虫病 2240
329 Free-living Amebae Infections：Naegleria，Acanthameba，and Leptomyxids 非寄生性阿米巴感染：耐格里原虫属、棘阿米巴属和细胶丝目 2241
330 Introduction to Helminthic Diseases 蠕虫病介绍 2245
331 Tissue Nematode Infections 组织线虫感染 2245
332 Intestinal Nematodes 肠内线虫 2252
333 Cestode Infections 绦虫感染 2257
334 Trematode Infections 吸虫感染 2262
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 第Ⅲ部分 传染病诊断和治疗方式 2268
335 Antimicrobial Therapeutic Agents 抗微生物治疗制剂 2268
336 Approach to the Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections 全身性真菌感染的治疗方法 2279
337 Antimicrobial Chemoprophylaxis 抗微生物化学药物预防 2281
338 Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control 医院流行病学和感染控制 2283
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH HIV INFECTION 第Ⅰ部分 HIV感染患者的治疗 2293
339 Approach to the Patient With HIV Exposure 接触HIV患者的治疗 2293
HIV＆AIDS 人免疫缺陷病毒和艾滋病 2293
340 Approach to the Patient With Asymptomatic HIV Infection(and Counseling) 无症状HIV感染患者的治疗(和咨询) 2298
341 Approach to the Symptomatic Patient With HIV Infection 有HIV感染症状的患者的治疗 2301
342 HIV/AIDS：Approach to the Patient With Pulmonary Disease HIV/AIDS：肺疾病患者的治疗 2307
343 HIV/AIDS：Approach to the Patient With Diarrhea and/or Wasting HIV/AIDS：腹泻和/或消瘦患者的治疗 2310
344 HIV/AIDS：Approach to the Patient With Neurologic Symptoms HIV/AIDS：有神经学症状的患者的治疗 2312
345 Pathogenesis of HIV Infection HIV感染的发病机制 2316
SECTION Ⅱ：DISORDERS OF HIV INFECTION 第Ⅱ部分 HIV感染性疾病 2320
346 HIV/AIDS：Clinical Considerations HIV/AIDS：临床因素 2320
347 Neoplasms in AIDS 艾滋病的肿瘤 2328
SECTION Ⅲ：MANAGEMENT，PREVENTION，AND CONTROL 第Ⅲ部分 处理、预防和控制 2332
348 Principles of Antiretroviral Treatment and Vaccines 抗逆转录病毒治疗和种植疫苗的原则 2332
349 HIV/AIDS：Epidemiology，Prevention and Control HIV/AIDS：流行病学、预防和控制 2339
PART 8：PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 第8篇：肺部和重症护理医学 2343
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE OR CRITICAL ILLNESS 第Ⅰ部分 呼吸系统疾病或危重症疾病患者的治疗 2344
350 Approach to the Patient With Hypoxemia 低氧血症患者的治疗 2344
351 Approach to the Patient With Dyspnea 呼吸困难患者的治疗 2349
352 Approach to the Patient With Cough 咳嗽患者的治疗 2354
353 Approach to the Patient With Hemoptysis 咯血患者的治疗 2361
354 Approach to the Cri tically Ill Patient 病危患者的治疗 2366
355 Management of the Critically Ill Patient With Multiple Organ Dysfunction 多器官功能不全的病危患者的处理 2369
356 Approach to the Patient With Acute Respiratory Failure 急性呼吸衰竭患者的治疗 2377
357 Approach to the Management of the Patient With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的治疗 2383
358 Approach to the Patient With Pleural Disease 胸膜疾病患者的治疗 2389
359 Approach to the Patient With a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule 单发肺小结节患者的治疗 2399
360 Approach to the Patient With Interstitial Lung Disease 间质性肺疾病患者的治疗 2403
361 Approach to the Patient With Suspected Pneumonia 可疑肺炎患者的治疗 2412
362 Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease in the Immunocompromised Host 免疫抑制宿主的肺部疾病评估 2419
SECTION Ⅱ： DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 第Ⅱ部分 呼吸系统疾病 2427
363 Asthma 哮喘 2427
364 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD) 2433
365 Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张 2439
366 Diseases of the Upper Airway 上呼吸道疾病 2443
367 Lung Abscess 肺脓肿 2450
368 Pulmonary Tuberculosis 肺结核 2454
369 Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis 支气管肺曲霉病 2460
370 Cystic Fibrosis 囊性纤维化 2462
371 Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias 特发性间质性肺炎 2469
372 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 过敏性肺炎 2477
373 Sarcoidosis 类肉瘤病 2481
374 The Granulomatous Vasculitides 肉芽肿性血管炎 2486
375 Occupational Lung Diseases 职业性肺疾病 2495
376 Miscellaneous Pulmonary Disease 其他肺部疾病 2510
377 Lung Cancer 肺癌 2521
378 Pulmonary Thromboembolism 肺血栓栓塞症 2531
379 Diseases of the Mediastinum and Chest Wall 纵隔和胸壁疾病 2536
380 Diseases of Respiratory Muscles 呼吸肌疾病 2539
381 Diseases of Ventillatory Control 通气控制疾病 2541
382 Sleep Apnea Syndrome，Hypersomnolence，and Other Sleep Disorders 睡眠呼吸暂停综合征和其他睡眠病症 2545
383 Inhalation and Aspiration Syndromes 吸入和吸入综合征 2553
384 Diseases of High Altitude 高原病 2559
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES 第Ⅲ部分 诊断和治疗方式 2563
385 Essential Points of the Pulmonary History and Physical Examination 肺部疾患史和体格检查的基本要点 2563
386 Approach to Imaging of the Chest 胸部显像术的诊断方法 2569
387 Pulmonary Function Testing 肺功能试验 2579
388 Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care 重症监护的血液动力学监测和呼吸监测 2585
389 Diagnostic Procedures in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 肺部和危重症护理医学的诊断性操作 2593
390 Respiratory Therapy Techniques 呼吸治疗技术 2601
391 Lung Transplantation 肺移植 2608
PART 9：ENDOCRINOLOGY，METABOLISM，AND GENETICS 第9篇：内分泌学、新陈代谢和遗传学 2617
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH ENDOCRINOLOGIC，METABOLIC，AND GENETIC DISORDERS 第Ⅰ部分 内分泌疾病、代谢性疾病和遗传学疾病患者的治疗 2618
392 Approach to the Patient With a Thyroid Nodule 甲状腺小结节患者的治疗 2618
393 Approach to Menstrual Disorders and Galactorrhea 月经障碍和溢乳的治疗 2620
394 Approach to the Patient With Virilization 男性化患者的治疗 2623
395 Approach to the Patient With Gynecomastia 男性乳腺发育的治疗 2626
396 Approach to the Infertile Male 男性不育的治疗 2628
397 Approach to Sexual Dysfunction in the Female 女性性功能障碍的治疗 2631
398 Approach to Sexual Dysfunction in the Male 男性性功能障碍的治疗 2632
399 Approach to the Patient With Hyperglycemia 高血糖症患者的治疗 2635
400 Approach to the Patient With Hypoglycemia 低血糖症患者的治疗 2648
401 Approach to the Patient With Flushing 颜面潮红患者的治疗 2651
402 Approach to Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia 高钙血症和低钙血症的治疗 2652
SECTION Ⅱ：DISORDERS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY，METABOLISM，AND GENETICS 第Ⅱ部分 内分泌学、新陈代谢和遗传学疾病 2663
403 Disorders of the Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Gland 下丘脑和垂体前叶的疾病 2663
404 Disorders of Posterior Pituitary Function 垂体后叶功能紊乱 2684
405 Disorders of the Pineal Gland 松果体的病症 2691
406 Disorders of the Thyroid Gland 甲状腺的病症 2693
407 Adrenal Cortical Disorders 肾上腺皮质疾病 2720
408 Adrenal Medullary Disorders 肾上腺髓质疾病 2735
409 Endocrinology of the Female 女性内分泌学 2740
410 Disorders of Gonadal Function in Men 男性性腺功能紊乱 2743
411 Diabetes Mellitus，Types Ⅰ and Ⅱ Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型糖尿病 2751
412 Metabolic Bone Disease 代谢性骨病 2769
413 Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism(Excluding Diabetes) 碳水化合物代谢病症(不包括糖尿病) 2784
414 Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism 氨基酸代谢病症 2788
415 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 多发性内分泌瘤病 2793
416 Genetic Disorders 遗传性疾病 2796
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN ENDOCRINOLOGIC，METABOLIC，AND GENETIC DISORDERS 第Ⅲ部分 内分泌学、新陈代谢和遗传学疾病的诊断和治疗方式 2812
417 Testing and Evaluation of Pituitary End-Organ Function 垂体终端器官功能试验与评价 2812
418 Evaluation of Thyroid Function Tests 甲状腺功能测验的评价 2821
419 Human Gene Therapy 人类基因治疗 2829
PART 10：NEUROLOGY 第10篇 神经病学 2833
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH NEUROLOGIC DISEASES 第Ⅰ部分 神经病患者的治疗 2834
420 Approach to the Patient With Neurologic Complaints 神经学疾病患者的治疗 2834
421 Approach to the Patient With Headache 头痛患者的治疗 2836
422 Approach to the Patient With Dizziness and Vertigo 头晕、头昏患者的治疗 2844
423 Approach to the Patient With Tumors of the Central Nervous System 中枢神经系统肿瘤患者的治疗 2846
424 Approach to the Patient With Impairment of Consciousness 意识障碍患者的治疗 2856
425 Approach to the Patient With a Sleep Disorder 睡眠病症患者的治疗 2862
426 Approach to the Patient With Seizures 癫痫患者的治疗 2864
427 Approach to the Patient With Visual Complaints 视觉疾病患者的治疗 2876
428 Approach to the Patient With a Gait Disorder 步态病症患者的治疗 2881
429 Approach to the Patient With Abnormal Movements and Tremors 异常动作和震颤患者的治疗 2884
430 Approach to the Patient With Disorders of Sensation 感觉异常患者的治疗 2888
431 Approach to the Patient With Suspected Infection of the Central Nervous System 中枢神经系统可疑感染患者的治疗 2894
SECTION Ⅱ：DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 第Ⅱ部分 神经系统疾病 2904
432 Cerebrovascular Diseases 脑血管疾病 2904
433 Demyelinating Diseases 脱髓鞘病 2912
434 Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders 帕金森病和相关疾病 2915
435 Chronic Dementing Conditions 慢性发狂状态 2918
436 Cerebellar Degeneration 小脑退化 2921
437 Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis 肌萎缩性(脊髓)侧索硬化 2923
438 Huntington's Disease 亨廷顿舞蹈病 2926
439 Central Nervous System Poisoning 中枢神经系统中毒 2928
440 The Neurologic Complications and Consequences of Ethanol Use and Abuse 饮酒和酗酒引起的神经学病症和影响 2933
441 Bacterial Infections of the Nervous System 神经系统细菌感染 2936
442 Viral Infections of the Nervous System 神经系统病毒感染 2946
443 Slow Virus Infections in the Nervous System，Including AIDS 神经系统慢病毒感染(含AIDS病毒感染) 2953
444 Seizures and Epilepsies 癫痫发作和癫痫 2958
445 Structural Disorders of the Spinal Column 脊柱的结构病症 2972
446 Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System 周围神经系统的病症 2975
447 Mononeuropathies and Entrapment Neuropathies 单神经病和陷夹性神经病 2987
448 Muscle Disease 肌肉疾病 2991
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN NEUROLOGIC DISEASES 第Ⅲ部分 神经病的诊断和治疗方式 2996
449 Lumbar Puncture and Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis 腰椎穿刺和脑脊液分析 2996
450 Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials 脑电图和激发电位 2999
451 Neurophysiology：Nerve Conduction and Electromyography 神经生理学：神经传导和肌电图 3000
452 Neuroimaging 神经显像术 3004
453 Serologic and Molecular Genetic Diagnoses 血清学和分子遗传学诊断 3015
PART 11：GERIATRICS 第11篇：老年病学 3019
SECTION Ⅰ：APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ELDERLY PATIENT WITH A MAJOR GERIATRIC PROBLEM COM-PLEX 第Ⅰ部分 对患常见老年病综合征病人的评估和治疗方法 3020
454 Diagnosis and Management of the Elderly Patient 老年患者的诊断和处理 3020
455 Approach to the Elderly Patient With Hypertension 老年高血压患者的治疗 3026
456 Approach to the Elderly Patient With Diabetes 老年糖尿病患者的治疗 3032
457 Approach to the Elderly Patient With Dyslipidemia 血脂异常的老年患者的治疗 3037
458 Approach to the Elderly Patient With Incontinence 大小便失禁的老年患者的治疗 3041
459 Approach to the Elderly Patient With Altered Mental Status 心理状态改变的老年患者的治疗 3047
460 Approach to the Elderly Patient With Depression 老年忧郁症患者的治疗 3053
461 Approach to the Elderly Patient With Disorders of Fluid and Osmolality Regulations 体液和渗透压调节失常的老年患者的治疗 3055
462 Approach to the Elderly Patient With Falls and Impaired Mobility 跌伤和运动障碍的老年患者的治疗 3060
463 Approach to the Patient With Pressure Ulcers 压迫性溃疡病患者的治疗 3067
464 Approach to the Frail Elderly Patient 老年体弱患者的治疗 3069
SECTION Ⅱ：DISORDERS PROMINENT IN GERI-ATRIC MEDICAL PRACTICE 第Ⅱ部分 老年病学医疗实践中常见的病症 3074
465 Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis in Older Adults 中老年人骨质疏松症的诊断和处理 3074
466 Dementia，Including Alzheimer's Disease 痴呆，包括阿尔茨海默病 3082
467 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia/Urinary Obstruction 良性前列腺增生/泌尿系梗阻 3085
SECTION Ⅲ：DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES IN THE ELDERLY：SPECIAL ASPECTS AND CONSIDERATIONS 第Ⅲ部分 老年患者的诊断和治疗方式：特殊问题及考虑 3091
468 Geriatric Assessment 老年病学评估 3091
469 Geriatric Clinical Pharmacology 老年病临床药物学 3095
470 Geriatric Clinical Nutrition，Including Malnutrition，Obesity，and Weight Loss 老年病临床营养学，包括营养不良、肥胖症和体重减轻 3107
471 Exercise in the Elderly 老年人的运动 3114
472 Geriatric Rehabilitation 老年病康复 3123
473 Philosophical and Ethical Issues in Geriatrics 老年病学中的哲学和伦理学问题 3127