Part Ⅰ:Development,Structure,and Function 1
1.Basic Principles 3
Overview of the kidney and urinary tract 3
Fluid compartments of the body 4
2.Organization of the Kidney 13
General organization of the kidney 13
Glomerular structure and function 18
Transport processes in the renal tubule 23
Proximal tubule 26
Loop of Henle 32
3.Renal Function 39
Renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate 39
Body fluid osmolality 43
Body fluid volume 48
Regulation of body fluid pH 51
Regulation of K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,and PO43- 57
4.Renal Function in Disease 63
Systemic diseases that affect renal function 63
Interventions in renal disease 68
5.Lower Urinary Tract 75
Organization of the lower urinary tract 75
Micturition 80
Part Ⅱ:Clinical Assessment 83
6.Taking a History 85
The history 85
Common presentations of urinary disease 87
General inspection 109
7.Examination of the Patient 109
Hands and limbs 112
Thorax 113
Abdomen 116
8.Investigation of the Kidney and Urinary Tract 121
Investigative techniques 121
Part Ⅲ: Basic Pathology 129
9.Pathology of the Kidney 131
Congenital abnormalities of the kidney 131
Cystic diseases of the kidney 132
Diseases of the glomerulus 135
Glomerular lesions in systemic disease 141
Diseases of the tubules and interstitium 142
Diseases of the renal blood vessels 146
Neoplastic disease of the kidney 148
10.Pathology of the Urinary Tract 151
Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract 151
Urinary tract obstruction and urolithiasis 153
Inflammation of the urinary tract 155
Neoplastic disease of the urinary tract 157
Disorders of the prostate 160
Part Ⅳ:Self-assessment 163
Multiple-choice Questions 165
Short-answer Questions 169
Essay Questions 170
MCQ Answers 171
SAQ Answers 172
Index 177