Part Ⅰ The Techniques of Paragraph Writine 1
Unit 1 Paragraph Unity and Topic Sentence and 1
1.1 Characteristics of a Good English Paragraph 1
1.2 Unity 3
1.3 The Topic Sentence 5
Exercises 12
Unit 2 Paragraph Coherence 15
2.1 What Is Coherence 15
2.2 How to Achieve Coherence 17
Exercises 28
Unit 3 Paragraph Development 29
3.1 Patterns of Paragraph Development 30
3.2 Deciding Which Strategies to Use 42
3.3 Paragraph Length 43
Exercises 44
4.1 Introductory Paragraphs 46
Unit 4 Special Types of Paragraphs 46
4.2 Transitional Paragraphs 52
4.3 Concluding Paragraphs 53
4.4 Checking Paragraphs 58
Exercises 59
Part Ⅱ The Process of Writing 62
Unit 5 An Overview of the Writing Process 62
5.1 Introduction 62
5.2 An Overview of the Writing Process 63
5.3 The Recursiveness of the Writing Process 66
5.4 Writing Process Questionnaire 66
5.5 Describing Your Writing Process 69
5.6 Summary Writing Is Rewriting 70
Exercises 71
Unit 6 Prewriting-Assessing the Purpose and Audience 72
6.1 Getting Started-Choosing a Toptic 72
6.2 Determining Your Purposes 73
6.3 Considering Your Audience 77
6.4 Setting Your Tone 78
6.5 Establishing Your Point of View 80
Exercise 82
Unit 7 Prewriting-Exploring the Topic 85
7.1 Brainstorming 86
7.2 Freewriting 87
7.3 Questioning 88
7.4 Branching 89
7.5 Interviewing 90
7.6 Using the Patterns of Development 91
Exercises 92
Unit 8 Prewriting-Planning the Paper 93
8.1 Understanding the Structure of an Essay 93
8.2 Establishing a Working Thesis 96
8.3 Organizing Information 97
8.4 Outlining Your Paper 99
Exercises 105
9.1 Writing Your First Draft 107
Unit 9 Writing and Rewriting the Paper 107
9.2 Revising Your Paper 110
9.3 Editing and Proofreading 117
Exercises 119
Part Ⅲ The Modes of Writing 121
Unit 10 Narration 121
10.1 What Is Narration 121
10.2 Strategies for Usig Narration 122
10.3 How to Organize a Narrative Essay 128
10.4 A Sample 131
Exercises 133
Unit 11 Description 134
11.1 What is Description 134
11.2 Strategies for Using Description 136
11.3 How to Organize a Descriptive Essay 139
11.4 A Sample 142
Exercises 144
Unit 12 Exemplification 145
12.1 What Is Exemplification 146
12.2 Strategies for Using Exemplification 147
12.3 How to Organize an Exemplification Essay 149
12.4 A Sample 152
Exercises 154
Unit 13 Process Analysis 155
13.1 What Is Process Analysis 155
13.2 Strategies for Using Process Analysis 156
13.3 How to Organize a Process Essay 160
13.4 Two Samples 163
Exercises 166
Unit 14 Cause and Effect Analysis 167
14.1 What Is Cause and effect analysis 167
14.2 Strategies for Using Cause and Effect Analysis 168
14.3 How to Organize a Cause and Effect Essay 171
14.4 A Sample 175
Exercises 177
15.1 What Is Comparison and Contrast 178
Unit 15 Comparison and contrast 178
15.2 Strategies for Using Comparison and Contrast 179
15.3 How to Organize a Comparison and Contrast Essay 181
15.4 A Sample 185
Exercises 188
Unit 16 Division and Classification 189
16.1 What Is Division and Classification 189
16.2 Strategies for Using Division and Classification 190
16.3 How to Organize a Division and Classification Essay 192
16.4 Two Samples 196
Exercises 199
Unit 17 Definition 200
17.1 What Is Definition 200
17.2 Strategies for Using Definition 202
17.3 How to Organize a Definition Essay 204
17.4 A Sample 210
Exercises 211
18.1 What Is Argumentation and Persuasion 213
Unit 18 Argumentation and Persuasion 213
18.2 Strategies for Using Argumentation and Persuasion 215
18.3 How to Organize an Argumentation and Persuasion Essay 221
18.4 A Sample 227
Exercise 230
Unit 19 Book Reports 231
19.1 What Is a Book Report 231
19.2 Preparing to Write a Book Report 233
19.3 Organizing the Book Report 238
19.4 Two Samples 244
Exercises 249
Part Ⅳ Research Guide 250
Unit 20 Writing a Research Paper 250
20.1 What Is a Research Paper 250
20.2 Choosing a Proper Topic 252
20.3 Finding and Evaluating Material 253
20.4 Preparing a Working Bibliography 255
20.5 Taking Notes 257
20.6 Organizing Your Material 260
20.7 Writing the First Draft 263
20.8 Revising the Research Paper 264
20.9 Checklist for Revising the Research Paper 265
Exercises 267
Unit 21 Documenting Sources 268
21.1 What Is Documentation 268
21.2 Sources to Be Documented 269
21.3 Basic Styles of Documentation 270
21.4 The MLA Style of Documentation 271
21.5 The APA Style of Documentation 276
21.6 The Turabian Footnote and Endnote Style 279
21.7 Electronic or Online Resources 282
21.8 A Sample Paper with Annotations 287
Exercises 302
Appendix 304
Symbol Chart for Correction of Composition 304
Bibliography 309