INTRODUCTION A Case for Descriptive Translation Studies 1
PART ONE The Pivotal Position of Descriptive Studies and DTS 7
PART TWO A Rationale for Descriptive Translation Studies 21
Chapter 1.Translations as Facts of a 'Target' Culture 23
An Assumption and Its Methodological Implications 23
Excursus A.Pseudotranslations and Their Significance 40
Chapter 2.The Nature and Role of Norms in Translation 53
Chapter 3.Constituting a Method for Descriptive Studies 70
Chapter 4.The Coupled Pair of Replacing + Replaced Segments 87
Chapter 5.An Exemplary 'Study in Descriptive Studies' 102
Conjoint Phrases as Translational Solutions 102
PART THREE Translation-in-Context 113
An Assortment of Case Studies 113
Chapter 6.Between a'Golden Poem'and a Shakespearean Sonnet 114
Chapter 7.A Lesson from Indirect Translation 129
A Text Is Sifted Through a Mediating Model 147
Chapter 8.Literary Organization and Translation Strategies 147
Excursus B.'Translation of Literary Texts'vs.'Literary Translation' 166
Chapter 9.Studying Interim Solutions 181
Possibilities and Implications 181
Chapter 10.A Translation Comes into Being 193
Hamlet's Monologue in Hebrew 193
Chapter 11.Translation-Specific Lexical Items and Their Lexicographical Treatment 206
Chapter 12.Experimentation in Translation Studies 221
Achievements,Prospects and Some Pitfalls 221
Excursus C.A Bilingual Speaker Becomes a Translator 241
A Tentative Developmental Model 241
PART FOUR Beyond Descriptive Studies 259
Towards Laws of Translational Behaviour 259
References 281
Subject Index 301
Author index 308