Chapter 1 Internetworking 1
Internetworking Basics 3
Internetworking Models 6
The Layered Approach 7
Advantages of Reference Models 8
The OSI Reference Model 8
The Application Layer 10
The Presentation Layer 11
The Session Layer 12
The Transport Layer 13
The Network Layer 18
Introduction 19
The Data Link Layer 20
The Physical Layer 23
Ethernet Networking 24
Half-and Full-Duplex Ethernet 25
Ethernet at the Data Link Layer 26
Ethernet at the Physical Layer 31
Ethernet Cabling 33
Straight-Through Cable 34
Crossover Cable 34
Rolled Cable 35
Assessment Test 35
Wireless Networking 36
Data Encapsulation 39
The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical Model 41
The Core Layer 42
The Distribution Layer 43
The Access Layer 43
Summary 44
Exam Essentials 44
Key Terms 45
Written Lab 1 46
Written Lab 1.1:OSI Questions 47
Written Lab 1.2:Defining the OSI Layers and Devices 48
Written Lab 1.3:Identifying Collision and Broadcast Domains 48
Review Questions 49
Answers to Review Questions 52
Answers to Written Lab 1 54
Answers to Written Lab 1.1 54
Answer to Written Lab 1.2 55
Answers to Written Lab 1.3 55
Chapter 2 Internet Protocols 57
TCP/IP and the DoD Model 58
The Process/Application Layer Protocols 60
The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols 64
The Internet Layer Protocols 72
Binary to Decimal and Hexadecimal Conversion 80
IP Addressing 83
IP Terminology 83
The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 83
Private IP Addresses 89
Broadcast Addresses 90
Introduction to Network Address Translation(NAT) 92
Summary 93
Exam Essentials 93
Key Terms 94
Review Questions 95
Written Lab 2 95
Answers to Review Questions 98
Answers to Written Lab 2 100
Chapter 3 IP Subnetting and Variable Length Subnet Masks(VLSM) 101
Subnetting Basics 102
How to Create Subnets 103
Subnet Masks 104
Classless Inter-Domain Routing(CIDR) 104
Subnetting Class C Addresses 106
The Binary Method:Subnetting a Class C Address 106
The Fast Way:Subnetting a Class C Address 107
Subnetting Class B Addresses 114
Subnetting Class A Addresses 119
Variable Length Subnet Masks(VLSMs) 122
VLSM Design 123
Implementing VLSM Networks 125
Troubleshooting IP Addressing 129
Determining IP Address Problems 130
Summary 133
Exam Essentials 133
Key Terms 134
Written Lab 3 134
Review Questions 134
Answers to Review Questions 138
Answers to Written Lab 3 140
Chapter 4 Introduction to the Cisco IOS 143
The Cisco Router User Interface 144
Cisco Router IOS 145
Connecting to a Cisco Router 145
Bringing Up a Router 146
Setup Mode 148
Command-Line Interface 152
Logging into the Router 153
Overview of Router Modes 153
CLI Prompts 154
Editing and Help Features 156
Gathering Basic Routing Information 160
Setting Passwords 161
Encrypting Your Passwords 165
Banners 167
Router Interfaces 168
Hostnames 172
Descriptions 172
Viewing and Saving Configurations 174
Verifying Your Configuration 176
Summary 182
Exam Essentials 182
Commands Used in This Chapter 184
Key Terms 184
Written Lab 4 187
Hands-on Labs 187
Hands-on Lab 4.1:Logging into a Router 188
Hands-on Lab 4.2:Using the Help and Editing Features 188
Hands-on Lab 4.3:Saving a Router Configuration 189
Hands-on Lab 4.4:Setting Your Passwords 190
Hands-on Lab 4.5 Setting the Hostname,Descriptions,IPAddress,and Clock Rate 192
Review Questions 193
Answers to Review Questions 196
Answers to Written Lab 4 198
Chapter 5 IP Routing 199
Routing Basics 200
The IP Routing Process 201
IP Routing in a Larger Network 206
Configuring IP Routing in Our Network 211
Static Routing 212
Default Routing 216
Dynamic Routing 217
Routing Protocol Basics 218
Administrative Distances 218
Routing Protocols 219
Distance-Vector Routing Protocols 220
Maximum Hop Count 222
Routing Loops 222
Split Horizon 223
Route Poisoning 223
Holddowns 223
Routing Information Protocol(RIP) 224
RIP Timers 225
Configuring RIP Routing 225
Verifying the RIP Routing Tables 228
Holding Down RIP Propagations 229
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol(IGRP) 230
Configuring IGRP Routing 231
IGRP Timers 231
Verifying the IGRP Routing Tables 233
Verifying Your Configurations 234
The show protocols Command 235
The show ip protocols Command 235
The debug ip rip Command 237
The debug ip igrp Command 238
Summary 239
Exam Essentials 240
Key Terms 240
Commands Used in This Chapter 241
Hands-on Labs 242
Written Lab 5 242
Hands-on Lab 5.1:Creating Static Routes 243
Hands-on Lab 5.2:Dynamic Routing with RIP 245
Hands-on Lab 5.3:Dynamic Routing with IGRP 246
Review Questions 247
Answers to Review Questions 252
Answers to Written Lab 5 254
Chapter 6 Enhanced IGRP(EIGRP)and Open Shortest Path First(OSPF) 255
EIGRP Features and Operation 256
Protocol-Dependent Modules 257
Neighbor Discovery 257
Reliable Transport Protocol(RTP) 258
Diffusing Update Algorithm(DUAL) 259
Using EIGRP to Support Large Networks 259
Multiple AS 260
VLSM Support and Summarization 260
Route Discovery and Maintenance 261
Configuring EIGRP 263
Lab_A 264
Lab_B 265
Lab_C 265
Verifying EIGRP 267
Open Shortest Path First(OSPF)Basics 269
OSPF Terminology 271
SPF Tree Calculation 273
Configuring OSPF 274
Enabling OSPF 274
Configuring OSPF Areas 275
Verifying OSPF Configuration 278
The show ip ospf Command 279
The show ip ospf database Command 279
The show ip ospf interface Command 280
The show ip ospf neighbor Command 281
The show ip protocols Command 281
Configuring Loopback Interfaces 282
OSPF and Loopback Interfaces 282
Verifying Loopbacks and RIDs 283
Summary 284
Exam Essentials 285
Key Terms 286
Commands Used in This Chapter 286
Written Lab 6 287
Hands-On Labs 288
Lab 6.1:Configuring and Verifying EIGRP 289
Lab 6.2:Enabling the OSPF Process 290
Lab 6.4:Verifying OSPF Operation 291
Lab 6.3:Configuring OSPF Neighbors 291
Review Questions 292
Answers to Review Questions 295
Answers to Written Lab 6 297
Chapter 7 Layer 2 Switching 299
Before Layer 2 Switching 301
Switching Services 303
Limitations of Layer 2 Switching 304
Bridging vs.LAN Switching 305
Three Switch Functions at Layer 2 305
Spanning Tree Terms 309
Spanning Tree Protocol(STP) 309
Spanning Tree Operations 310
Spanning Tree Example 313
LAN Switch Types 315
Cut-Through(Real Time) 315
FragmentFree(Modified Cut-Through) 316
Store-and-Forward 316
Configuring the Catalyst 1900 and 2950 Switches 316
1900 and 2950 Switch Startup 317
Setting the Passwords 318
Setting the Hostname 320
Setting IP Information 321
Configuring Interface Descriptions 322
Erasing the Switch Configuration 323
Summary 324
Exam Essentials 324
Key Terms 325
Commands Used in This Chapter 325
Written Lab 7 326
Hands-on Labs 326
Hands-on Lab 7.1:Switch Basic Administrative Configurations 327
Hands-on Lab 7.2:Verifying the Switch Configurations 329
Review Questions 329
Answers to Review Questions 333
Answers to Written Lab 7 334
Chapter 8 Virtual LANs(VLANs) 335
VLAN Basics 336
Broadcast Control 338
Security 339
Flexibility and Scalability 339
VLAN Memberships 342
Static VLANs 342
Dynamic VLANs 343
Identifying VLANs 343
Frame Tagging 344
Inter-Switch Link(ISL)Protocol 345
VLAN Identification Methods 345
VLAN Trunking Protocol(VTP) 346
VTP Modes of Operation 347
VTP Pruning 348
Routing between VLANs 349
Configuring VLANs 350
Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs 352
Configuring Trunk Ports 354
Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing 355
Configuring VTP 356
Configuring Switching in Our Sample Internetwork 358
Summary 364
Exam Essentials 365
Key Terms 365
Commands Used in This Chapter 366
Written Lab 8 367
Review Questions 367
Answers to Review Questions 370
Answers to Written Lab 8 371
Chapter 9 Managing a Cisco Internetwork 373
The Internal Components of a Cisco Router 374
The Router Boot Sequence 375
Understanding the Configuration Register Bits 376
Managing Configuration Registers 376
Checking the Current Configuration Register Value 377
Changing the Configuration Register 378
Recovering Passwords 378
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS 381
Verifying Flash Memory 382
Backing Up the Cisco IOS 382
Restoring or Upgrading the Cisco Router IOS 384
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration 386
Backing Up the Cisco Router Configuration 386
Restoring the Cisco Router Configuration 388
Using Cisco Discovery Protocol(CDP) 389
Getting CDP Timers and Holdtime Information 389
Erasing the Configuration 389
Gathering Neighbor Information 390
Gathering Interface Traffic Information 392
Gathering Port and Interface Information 393
Using Telnet 394
Telnetting into Multiple Devices Simultaneously 396
Checking Telnet Connections 397
Checking Telnet Users 397
Closing Telnet Sessions 398
Resolving Hostnames 399
Building a Host Table 399
Using DNS to Resolve Names 401
Checking Network Connectivity 403
Using the ping Command 403
Using the traceroute Command 404
Summary 405
Exam Essentials 405
Key Terms 407
Commands Used in This Chapter 407
Written Lab 9 409
Hands-on Labs 409
Hands-on Lab 9.1:Backing Up Your Router IOS 410
Hands-on Lab 9.2:Upgrading or Restoring Your Router IOS 410
Hands-on Lab 9.4:Using the Cisco Discovery Protocol(CDP) 411
Hands-on Lab 9.3:Backing Up the Router Configuration 411
Hands-on Lab 9.5:Using Telnet 412
Hands-on Lab 9.6:Resolving Hostnames 412
Review Questions 413
Answers to Review Questions 416
Answers to Written Lab 9 418
Chapter 10 Internet Protocols 419
Introduction to Access Lists 420
Standard Access Lists 423
Wildcard Masking 425
Standard Access List Example 426
Controlling VTY(Telnet)Access 428
Extended Access Lists 429
Extended Access List Example 433
Named Access Lists 433
Monitoring Access Lists 435
Summary 437
Exam Essentials 438
Key Terms 438
Commands Used in This Chapter 439
Written Lab 10 439
Hands-on Labs 440
Hands-on Lab 10.1:Standard IP Access Lists 440
Hands-on Lab 10.2:Extended IP Access Lists 441
Review Questions 443
Answers to Review Questions 447
Answers to Written Lab 10 449
Chapter 11 Wide Area Networking Protocols 451
Introduction to Wide Area Networks 452
Defining WAN Terms 452
WAN Connection Types 453
WAN Support 454
Cabling the Wide Area Network 456
Serial Transmission 456
Fixed and Modular Interfaces 457
Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communication Equipment 457
High-Level Data-Link Control(HDLC)Protocol 458
Point-to-Point Protocol(PPP) 459
Link Control Protocol(LCP)Configuration Options 460
PPP Session Establishment 460
PPP Authentication Methods 461
Configuring PPP on Cisco Routers 461
Configuring PPP Authentication 461
Verifying PPP Encapsulation 462
Frame Relay 463
Introduction to Frame Relay Technology 463
Frame Relay Implementation and Monitoring 472
Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) 478
ISDN Connections 479
ISDN Components 479
Basic Rate Interface(BRI) 482
Primary Rate Interface(PRI) 483
ISDN with Cisco Routers 483
Dial-on-Demand Routing(DDR) 484
Configuring DDR 485
Optional Commands 488
DDR with Access Lists 489
Verifying the ISDN Operation 489
Exam Essentials 490
Summary 490
Key Terms 491
Commands Used in This Chapter 492
Written Lab 11 494
Hands-on Labs 495
Hands-on Lab 11.2:Configuring and Monitoring HDLC 497
Hands-on Lab 11.3:Configuring Frame Relay and Subinterfaces 497
Hands-on Lab 11.4:Configuring ISDN and BRI Interfaces 499
Review Questions 501
Answers to Review Questions 505
Answers to Written Lab 11 506
Appendix A Commands in This Study Guide 509
Glossary 521