PART Ⅰ.PUNISHMENT 1
Chapter Ⅰ.Punishment 1
1.01 The Distinguishing Feature of the Criminal Law 1
1.02 Purposes of Punishment 2
A.Reformation 2
B.Restraint 3
C.Retribution 5
D.Deterrence 6
(1)Individual Deterrence 6
(2)General Deterrence 6
A.Conflicting Purposes 8
1.03 Punishment in Practice(Some Hard Cases) 8
B.No Apparent Purpose 12
1.04 Equality-An Unexpressed Theory of Punishment 13
1.05 Compensation 15
1.06 Judicial Discretion in Sentencing 16
1.07 Disproportionality 17
1.08 Capital Punishment 21
PART Ⅱ.SPECIFIC CRIMES 27
Chapter Ⅱ.Homicide 27
2.01 Introduction 27
2.02 Willful,Deliberate,and Premeditated 30
2.03 Intent to Cause Serious Bodily Injury 33
2.04 Provocation 34
2.05 Assisted Suicide 38
2.06 Involuntary Manslaughter 39
2.07 Reckless Homicide(Negligent Homi-cide,Vehicular Homicide) 42
2.08 Depraved Heart Murder 43
2.09 Felony Murder 45
2.10 Misdemeanor Manslaughter 50
Chapter Ⅲ.Causation 53
3.01 Introduction 53
3.02 Intentional Killings 54
3.03 Unintentional Killings 57
3.04 Year and a Day Rule 59
4.01 The Traditional View 61
Chapter Ⅳ.Rape 61
4.02 Statutory Changes 62
4.03 Rape by Fraud or Coercion 63
4.04 Statutory Rape 65
Chapter Ⅴ.Other Crimes Against the Person 67
5.01 Battery 67
5.02 Assault 67
5.03 Aggravated Assault and Battery 68
5.04 Mayhem 69
5.05 Kidnapping and Related Offenses 70
6.02 In General 73
Chapter Ⅵ.Self-Defense and Related Defenses 73
6.01 Introduction 73
6.03 Battered-Spouse Syndrome 75
6.04 Retreat Rule 76
6.05 Imperfect Self-Defense 78
6.06 Defense of Others 81
6.07 Resisting Unlawful Arrest 82
6.08 Apprehension of Criminals 83
6.09 Protection of Property and Crime Prevention 86
Chapter Ⅶ.Crimes Against Property 88
7.01 Introduction 88
B.Trespassory Taking 89
7.02 The Elements of Larceny 89
A.Introduction 89
C.Asportation(Carrying Away) 90
D.Valuable Personal Property 91
E.Of Another 92
F.Intent to Permanently Deprive the Person Entitled to Posses-sion of That Possession 93
7.03 Types of Larceny 95
A.Larceny by Stealth 95
B.Larceny by an Employee(Serv-ant) 95
C.Larceny by a Finder 97
D.Larceny by a Bailee 98
E.Larceny by Trick 99
7.04 Embezzlement 100
7.05 False Pretenses 103
A.Introduction 103
B.Obtaining Title to Property 104
C.Knowingly or Recklessly Making a False Representation 105
D.Of a Presently Existing Fact 106
E.Of Pecuniary Significance 109
F.Which Is Intended to and Does Defraud the Victim 110
7.06 Forgery and Related Offenses 111
7.07 Receiving Stolen Goods 112
7.08 Robbery 113
7.09 Extortion(Blackmail) 115
7.10 Consolidation of Theft Offenses 117
7.11 Burglary 119
7.12 Arson and Related Offenses 123
PART Ⅲ.INGREDIENTS OF A CRIME 125
Chapter Ⅷ.Mens Rea(Intent) 125
8.01 In General 125
8.02 Model Penal Code Terminology 127
8.03 Transferred Intent 128
8.04 Liability Without Fault 130
A.Constitutional Limitations 132
8.05 Limitations on Liability Without Fault 132
B.Non-Constitutional Limitations 134
8.06 Mistake of Fact 135
8.07 Mistake of Law 141
Chapter Ⅸ.Actus Reus 148
9.01 Introduction 148
9.02 Voluntariness 149
9.03 Actus Reus as a Constitutional Mini-mum 151
9.04 Concurrence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea 154
9.05 Actus Reus and Strict Liability 155
9.06 Omissions 157
10.01 Introduction 163
Chapter Ⅹ.Insanity 163
PART Ⅳ.SPECIAL DEFENSES 163
10.02 M Naghten Right-Wrong Test 164
10.03 Irresistible Impulse 167
10.04 The Durham Test 168
10.05 M.P.C.Test 171
10.06 Abolition of the Insanity Defense 174
10.07 Disposition of Insane Defendants 176
10.08 Interrelationship Between Automa-tism and Insanity 178
10.09 The Effect of Insanity on the Specific Elements of a Crime 179
10.10 Insanity After the Crime 181
11.01 Infancy 184
Chapter Ⅺ.Other Defenses 184
11.02 Intoxication 186
A.Voluntary Intoxication 186
B.Involuntary Intoxication 190
11.03 Duress(Coercion) 191
11.04 Necessity 193
11.05 Entrapment 196
11.06 Excessive Government Involvement 198
PART Ⅴ.PROOF OF FACTS 201
Chapter Ⅻ.Burden of Proof 201
12.01 Relevance to Substantive Criminal Law 201
12.02 The General Rule 202
12.03 What Is A Reasonable Doubt 203
12.04 Expansion of Winship(Mullaney v.Wilbur) 206
12.05 Contraction of the Rule(Patterson v.New York) 207
12.06 Burden of Proof and Sentencing 210
Chapter ⅩⅢ.Presumptions and Infer-ences 214
13.01 Definitions 214
13.02 Constitutionality 216
PART Ⅵ.INCHOATE AND GROUP CRIMINALITY 219
Chapter ⅩⅣ.Attempt 219
14.01 General Scope and Purpose 219
14.02 Mens Rea 221
14.03 Proximity to Completion 223
14.04 Abandonment 228
14.05 Solicitation Vis-A-Vis Attempt 232
14.06 Other Preparatory Offenses 234
A.Burglary 234
B.Possession 235
C.Vagrancy 236
14.07 Attempt to Attempt 237
14.08 Impossibility 238
15.01 Parties to Crime 245
Chapter ⅩⅤ.Accountability for the Acts of Others 245
15.02 Actus Reus(How Far Must One Go) 248
15.03 Mens Rea(Intentional Crimes) 251
15.04 Scope of an Aider s Liability 255
15.05 Mens Rea(Unintentional Crimes) 256
15.06 Relationship to Principal s Liability 259
15.07 Special Personal Defenses 261
15.08 Abandonment 262
Chapter ⅩⅥ.Conspiracy 264
16.01 Introduction 264
16.02 Punishment 265
16.03 Basis for Complicity 266
16.04 The Object Which Renders a Conspir-acy Criminal 268
16.05 Agreement-The Actus Reus of Con-spiracy 270
16.06 Scope of the Agreement-One Con-spiracy or Many 274
16.07 Mens Rea 275
16.08 Procedural Peculiarities 278
16.09 Political Conspiracies and the First Amendment 281
16.10 RICO 283
Chapter ⅩⅦ.Corporate Criminal Lia-bility 286
17.01 Theoretical Problems 286
17.02 Punishment 286
17.04 Statutory Construction Problem 287
17.03 Whose Conduct Binds a Corporation 287
17.05 The Corporation and Its Alter Egos 289
PART Ⅶ.LIMITATIONS OF THE CRIMINAL LAW 291
Chapter ⅩⅧ. Limitations of the Crimi-nal Law 291
18.01 Vagueness 291
18.02 Ex Post Facto Laws 296
18.03 Common Law Crimes 300
18.04 Victimless Crimes 302
A.Non-Constitutional Limitations 302
B.Constitutional Limitations 304
PERSPECTIVE 307
INDEX 311