1 Source and Characteristics of Industrial Wastewaters 1
1.1 Undesirable Wastewater Characteristics 1
1.2 Partial List of Regulations Which Affect Wastewater Treatment Requirements within the United States 4
1.3 Sources and Characteristics of Wastewaters 5
1.4 Industrial Waste Survey 5
1.5 Waste Characteristics-Estimating the Organic Content 14
1.6 Measuring Effluent Toxicity 25
1.7 In-plant Waste Control and Water Reuse 34
1.8 Stormwater Control 43
2 Wastewater Treatment Processes 51
3 Pre- and Primary Treatment 64
3.1 Equalization 65
3.2 Neutralization 75
3.3 Sedimentation 85
3.4 Oil Separation 103
3.5 Sour Water Strippers 108
3.6 Flotation 109
4 Coagulation，Precipitation，and Metals Removal 124
4.1 Coagulation 124
4.2 Heavy Metals Removal 138
5.1 Mechanism of Oxygen Transfer 158
5 Aeration and Mass Transfer 158
5.2 Aeration Equipment 171
5.3 Air Stripping of Volatile Organic Compounds 186
6 Principles of Aerobic Biological Oxidation 198
6.1 Organics Removal Mechanisms 198
6.2 The Mechanisms of Organic Removal by Biooxidation 203
6.3 Effect of temperature 240
6.4 Sludge Quality Considerations 250
6.5 Soluble Microbial Product Formation 262
6.6 Bioinhibition of the Activated Sludge Process 263
6.7 Stripping of Volatile Organics 271
6.8 Nitrification and Denitrification 276
6.9 Laboratory and Pilot Plant Procedures for Development of Process Design Criteria 301
7 Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes 313
7.1 Lagoons and Stabilization Basins 313
7.2 Aerated Lagoons 322
7.3 Activated Sludge Processes 340
7.4 Trickling Filtration 375
7.5 Rotating Biological Contactors 388
7.6 Anaerobic Decomposition 394
7.7 Laboratory Evaluation of Anaerobic Treatment 406
8.1 Theory of Adsorption 417
8 Adsorption 417
8.2 Properties of Activated Carbon 421
8.3 The PACT？Process 443
9 Ion Exchange 451
9.1 Theory of Ion Exchange 451
9.2 Plating Waste Treatment 457
10 Chemical Oxidation 462
10.1 Introduction 462
10.2 Stoichiometry 463
10.3 Applicability 465
10.4 Ozone 467
10.5 Hydrogen Peroxide 470
10.6 Chlorine 475
10.7 Potassium Permanganate 478
10.8 Oxidation Overview 479
10.9 Hydrothermal Processes 481
11 Sludge Handling and Disposal 484
11.1 Characteristics of Sludges for Disposal 484
11.2 Aerobic Digestion 486
11.3 Gravity Thickening 493
11.4 Flotation Thickening 498
11.5 Rotary Drum Screen 501
11.7 Disk Centrifuge 502
11.8 Basket Centrifuge 502
11.6 Gravity Belt Thickener 502
11.9 Specific Resistance 504
11.10 Centrifugation 509
11.11 Vacuum Filtration 514
11.12 Pressure Filtration 517
11.13 Belt Filter Press 520
11.14 Screw Press 523
11.15 Sand Bed Drying 523
11.17 Land Disposal of Sludges 525
11.16 Factors Affecting Dewatering Performance 525
11.18 Incineration 532
12 Miscellaneous Treatment Processes 536
12.1 Land Treatment 536
12.2 Deep- Well Disposal 544
12.3 Membrane Processes 547
12.4 Phosphorus Removal 561
12.5 Granular Media Filtration 567
12.6 Microscreen 573
Bibliography 577
Index 579