Chapter 1 Introduction 1
REFERENCES 6
Chapter 2 Mechanical Properties of Metals 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Concepts of Stress and Strain 8
2.3 Stress-Strain Behavior 11
2.4 Anelasticity（or Viscoelasticity） 18
2.5 Elastic Properties of Materials 18
2.6 Tensile Properties 20
2.6.1 Yield Strength 20
2.6.2 Tensile Strength 21
2.6.3 Ductility 24
2.6.4 Toughness 25
2.6.5 Resilience 26
2.7 True Stress and Strain 26
2.8 Elastic Recovery After Plastic Deformation 31
2.9 Compressive,Shear,and Torsion Deformation 31
2.10 Hardness 32
2.10.1 Rockwell Hardness Tests 32
2.10.2 Brinell Hardness Tests 33
2.10.3 Knoop and Vickers Microindentation Hardness Tests 35
2.10.4 Correlation between Hardness and Tensile Strength 36
SUMMARY 37
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 38
REFERENCES 38
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEM 39
Chapter 3 Fracture:Microscopic Aspects 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Classification of Fracture 45
3.2.1 Ductile Fracture 46
3.2.2 Brittle Fracture 46
3.3 Process of Fracture 47
3.3.1 Crack Nucleation 47
3.3.2 Ductile Fracture 51
3.3.3 Brittle,Cleavage Fracture 55
3.4 Impact Fracture 60
3.4.1 Impact Testing Techniques 60
3.4.2 Ductile-to-Brittle Transition 62
SUMMARY 65
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 65
REFERENCES 66
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 66
Chapter 4 Fracture:Macroscopic Aspects 68
4.1 Introduction 68
4.2 Theoretical Cleavage Strength 69
4.3 Stress Concentration 71
4.3.1 Stress Concentrations 71
4.3.2 Stress Concentration Factor 72
4.4 Griffith Criterion of Fracture 75
4.5 Fracture Toughness 80
4.5.1 Hypotheses of LEFM 81
4.5.2 Crack Tip Separation Modes 81
4.5.3 Stress Field in an Isotropic Material in the Vicinity of a Crack Tip 83
4.5.4 Details of the Crack-Tip Stress Field in Mode Ⅰ 84
4.5.5 Plastic-Zone Size Correction 87
4.6 Fracture Toughness Parameters 89
4.6.1 Crack Extension Force G 89
4.6.2 Crack Tip Opening Displacement（CTOD） 91
4.6.3 J Integral 93
4.6.4 R Curve 95
4.6.5 Relationships among Different Fracture Toughness Parameters 96
SUMMARY 97
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 98
REFERENCES 98
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 99
Chapter 5 Fatigue of Metal Materials 102
5.1 Introduction 102
5.2 Cyclic Stresses 102
5.3 The S-N Curve 104
5.4 Mechanisms of Fatigue 107
5.4.1 Fatigue Crack Nucleation 108
5.4.2 Fatigue Crack Propagation 110
5.5 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Applied to Fatigue 114
5.6 Factors That Affect Fatigue Life 118
5.7 Environmental Effects 121
SUMMARY 122
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 122
REFERENCES 123
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 123
Chapter 6 Creep of Metal Materials 126
6.1 Introduction 126
6.2 Generalized Creep Behavior 127
6.3 Stress and Temperature Effects 129
6.4 Fundamental Mechanisms Responsible for Creep 132
6.4.1 Diffusion Creep 133
6.4.2 Dislocation（or Power Law）Creep 135
6.4.3 Dislocation Glide 137
6.4.4 Grain-Boundary Sliding 137
6.5 Data Extrapolation Methods 139
6.6 Alloys for High-Temperature 142
SUMMARY 146
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 147
REFERENCES 147
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 148
Chapter 7 Strengthening Strategies of Metal Materials 150
7.1 Introduction 150
7.2 Dislocations 151
7.3 Boundary Strengthening 153
7.4 Strain Hardening（or Cold Working） 156
7.5 Solid-Solution Alloying 159
7.6 Precipitation-and Dispersion-Alloying 162
SUMMARY 168
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 169
REFERENCES 169
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 169
Chapter 8 Meehanical Behavior of Ceramics Materials 171
8.1 Introduction 171
8.2 Stress-Strain Behavior 171
8.3 Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation 174
8.4 Brittle Fracture of Ceramics 175
8.5 Various Mechanical Considerations 180
SUMMARY 182
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 182
REFERENCES 182
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 183
Chapter 9 Mechanical properties of Polymers Materials 185
9.1 Introduction 185
9.2 Stress-Strain Behavior 185
9.3 Macroscopic Deformation 188
9.4 Viscoelastic Deformation 189
9.5 Dcformation of Elastomers 195
9.6 Fracture of Polymers 198
9.7 Various Mechanical Characteristics 200
9.8 Mechanisms of Deformation and for Strengthening of Polymers 202
9.9 Factors that Influence the Mechanical Properties of Semicrystalline 204
SUMMARY 206
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 208
REFERENCES 208
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 208
Chapter 10 Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials 210
10.1 Introduction 210
10.2 Stress-Strain Behavior 212
10.2.1 Elastic Moduli 214
10.2.2 Strength 216
10.3 Toughness 218
10.4 Fracture in Composites 221
10.4.1 Single and Multiple Fracture 221
10.4.2 Failure Modes in Composites 222
SUMMARY 226
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 226
REFERENCES 226
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 227
Chapter 11 Envi ronmental Effects in Metals,Ceramics and Polymers 229
11.1 Introduction 229
11.2 Electrochemical Nature of Corrosion in Metals 230
11.3 Passivity 233
11 4 Forms of Corrosion 235
11.5 Environmentally Assisted Fracture in Metals 238
11.5.1 Stress Corrosion Cracking（SCC） 239
11.5.2 Hydrogen Damage in Metals 242
11.6 Corrosion of Ceramic Materials 248
11.7 Degradation of Polymers 249
11.7.1 Swelling and Dissolution 249
11.7.2 Bond Rupture 249
11.7.3 Weathering 250
11.8 Corrosion Prevention 251
SUMMARY 251
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 253
REFERENCES 253
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 254