工程材料力学行为 双语教学用书 汉英对照PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

REFERENCES 6

Chapter 2 Mechanical Properties of Metals 7

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2 Concepts of Stress and Strain 8

2.3 Stress-Strain Behavior 11

2.4 Anelasticity（or Viscoelasticity） 18

2.5 Elastic Properties of Materials 18

2.6 Tensile Properties 20

2.6.1 Yield Strength 20

2.6.2 Tensile Strength 21

2.6.3 Ductility 24

2.6.4 Toughness 25

2.6.5 Resilience 26

2.7 True Stress and Strain 26

2.8 Elastic Recovery After Plastic Deformation 31

2.9 Compressive,Shear,and Torsion Deformation 31

2.10 Hardness 32

2.10.1 Rockwell Hardness Tests 32

2.10.2 Brinell Hardness Tests 33

2.10.3 Knoop and Vickers Microindentation Hardness Tests 35

2.10.4 Correlation between Hardness and Tensile Strength 36

SUMMARY 37

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 38

REFERENCES 38

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEM 39

Chapter 3 Fracture:Microscopic Aspects 45

3.1 Introduction 45

3.2 Classification of Fracture 45

3.2.1 Ductile Fracture 46

3.2.2 Brittle Fracture 46

3.3 Process of Fracture 47

3.3.1 Crack Nucleation 47

3.3.2 Ductile Fracture 51

3.3.3 Brittle,Cleavage Fracture 55

3.4 Impact Fracture 60

3.4.1 Impact Testing Techniques 60

3.4.2 Ductile-to-Brittle Transition 62

SUMMARY 65

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 65

REFERENCES 66

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 66

Chapter 4 Fracture:Macroscopic Aspects 68

4.1 Introduction 68

4.2 Theoretical Cleavage Strength 69

4.3 Stress Concentration 71

4.3.1 Stress Concentrations 71

4.3.2 Stress Concentration Factor 72

4.4 Griffith Criterion of Fracture 75

4.5 Fracture Toughness 80

4.5.1 Hypotheses of LEFM 81

4.5.2 Crack Tip Separation Modes 81

4.5.3 Stress Field in an Isotropic Material in the Vicinity of a Crack Tip 83

4.5.4 Details of the Crack-Tip Stress Field in Mode Ⅰ 84

4.5.5 Plastic-Zone Size Correction 87

4.6 Fracture Toughness Parameters 89

4.6.1 Crack Extension Force G 89

4.6.2 Crack Tip Opening Displacement（CTOD） 91

4.6.3 J Integral 93

4.6.4 R Curve 95

4.6.5 Relationships among Different Fracture Toughness Parameters 96

SUMMARY 97

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 98

REFERENCES 98

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 99

Chapter 5 Fatigue of Metal Materials 102

5.1 Introduction 102

5.2 Cyclic Stresses 102

5.3 The S-N Curve 104

5.4 Mechanisms of Fatigue 107

5.4.1 Fatigue Crack Nucleation 108

5.4.2 Fatigue Crack Propagation 110

5.5 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Applied to Fatigue 114

5.6 Factors That Affect Fatigue Life 118

5.7 Environmental Effects 121

SUMMARY 122

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 122

REFERENCES 123

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 123

Chapter 6 Creep of Metal Materials 126

6.1 Introduction 126

6.2 Generalized Creep Behavior 127

6.3 Stress and Temperature Effects 129

6.4 Fundamental Mechanisms Responsible for Creep 132

6.4.1 Diffusion Creep 133

6.4.2 Dislocation（or Power Law）Creep 135

6.4.3 Dislocation Glide 137

6.4.4 Grain-Boundary Sliding 137

6.5 Data Extrapolation Methods 139

6.6 Alloys for High-Temperature 142

SUMMARY 146

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 147

REFERENCES 147

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 148

Chapter 7 Strengthening Strategies of Metal Materials 150

7.1 Introduction 150

7.2 Dislocations 151

7.3 Boundary Strengthening 153

7.4 Strain Hardening（or Cold Working） 156

7.5 Solid-Solution Alloying 159

7.6 Precipitation-and Dispersion-Alloying 162

SUMMARY 168

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 169

REFERENCES 169

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 169

Chapter 8 Meehanical Behavior of Ceramics Materials 171

8.1 Introduction 171

8.2 Stress-Strain Behavior 171

8.3 Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation 174

8.4 Brittle Fracture of Ceramics 175

8.5 Various Mechanical Considerations 180

SUMMARY 182

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 182

REFERENCES 182

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 183

Chapter 9 Mechanical properties of Polymers Materials 185

9.1 Introduction 185

9.2 Stress-Strain Behavior 185

9.3 Macroscopic Deformation 188

9.4 Viscoelastic Deformation 189

9.5 Dcformation of Elastomers 195

9.6 Fracture of Polymers 198

9.7 Various Mechanical Characteristics 200

9.8 Mechanisms of Deformation and for Strengthening of Polymers 202

9.9 Factors that Influence the Mechanical Properties of Semicrystalline 204

SUMMARY 206

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 208

REFERENCES 208

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 208

Chapter 10 Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials 210

10.1 Introduction 210

10.2 Stress-Strain Behavior 212

10.2.1 Elastic Moduli 214

10.2.2 Strength 216

10.3 Toughness 218

10.4 Fracture in Composites 221

10.4.1 Single and Multiple Fracture 221

10.4.2 Failure Modes in Composites 222

SUMMARY 226

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 226

REFERENCES 226

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 227

Chapter 11 Envi ronmental Effects in Metals,Ceramics and Polymers 229

11.1 Introduction 229

11.2 Electrochemical Nature of Corrosion in Metals 230

11.3 Passivity 233

11 4 Forms of Corrosion 235

11.5 Environmentally Assisted Fracture in Metals 238

11.5.1 Stress Corrosion Cracking（SCC） 239

11.5.2 Hydrogen Damage in Metals 242

11.6 Corrosion of Ceramic Materials 248

11.7 Degradation of Polymers 249

11.7.1 Swelling and Dissolution 249

11.7.2 Bond Rupture 249

11.7.3 Weathering 250

11.8 Corrosion Prevention 251

SUMMARY 251

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS 253

REFERENCES 253

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 254