SECTION 1 Survey 1
1 Words and meanings 3
Words,words,words 5
Multiple meaning 6
Meaningful relations 8
Set sentences 10
Components of meaning 11
Summary 12
2 Word-formation 15
Lexicalization 15
Productivity 16
Prefixes 17
Suffixes 18
Conversion 19
Compounds 20
Winners and losers 23
3 Multiple meaning 25
Polysemy and homonymy 25
Testing for meanings 27
Specialization of meaning 29
Metaphor 30
Classes of metaphors 32
Metonymy 32
Creativity and slang 34
4 Meaningful relations 35
Pairs and groupings:synonymy 35
Pairs and groupings:ranks 37
Binary contrasts:antonyms 37
Binary contrasts:complementaries 39
Binary contrasts:converses 40
Groupings:hyponymy 40
Groupings:non-branching hierarchies 44
5 Set phrases 47
Set phrases and set sentences 48
Collocations 49
Idioms 51
Proverbs,catchwords,and formulae 53
Set phrases and creativity 55
6 Components of meaning 57
Componential analysis 57
Marked and unmarked 59
Some advantages of a componential approach 60
Denotation and connotation 64
7 Semantics and the dictionary 67
Grammatical and lexical items 68
Complex words 68
Multiple meaning 70
Meaningful relations 71
Componential analysis 72
Phraseology 73
Conclusions 74
SECTION 2 Readings 77
SECTION 3 References 115
SECTION 4 Glossary 121
Acknowledgements 129