Section One THE CONTEXT OF LANGUAGE TEACHING 1
1 Language Policy,Curriculum Development,and TESOL Instruction:A Search for Compatibility&Elliot L.Judd 3
2 The Nature of Language Teaching&Peter D. Strevens 10
Section Two SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND BILINGUALISM 27
3 Applications of Psycholinguistie Research to the Classroom&Stephen D. Krashen 33
4 Teaching ESL:Incorporating a Communicative,Student-Centered Component&Barry P. Taylor 45
5 Bilingual Education:Research and Its Implications&Merrill Swain 61
Section Three SYLLABUS AND COURSE DESIGN 73
6 The Threshold Level&J.A.van Ek 78
7 Toward a Functional ESL Curriculum in the Elementary School&Anna Uhl Chamot 86
8 English for Specific Purposes:Criteria for Course Design&H.G.Widdowson 96
9 How to Arm Your Students:A Consideration of Two Approaches to Providing Materials for ESP&M.K.Phillips C.C.Shettlesworth 105
Section Four METHODS AND METHODOLOGY 117
10 Curricular Alternatives for Second-Language Learning&Linda M. Crawford-Lange 120
11 Method:Approach,Design and Procedure&Jack C. Richards Ted Rodgers 145
Section Five LISTENING 159
12 Listening Comprehension:Approach,Design and Procedure&Jack C. Richards 161
13 Authentic Listening Activities&Don Porter Jon Roberts 177
Section Six SPEAKING 189
14 Teaching Pronunciation&Rod Carruthers 191
15 Developing Successful Conversation Groups&Sharron Kay Bassano Mary Ann Christison 201
16 Socio-Drama for Social Interaction&Robin C. Scarcella 208
Section Seven READING 215
17 Schema Theory and ESL Reading Pedagogy&Patricia L. Carrell Joan C. Eisterhold 218
18 Toward a Realization of Psycholinguistic Principles in the ESL Reading Class&Mark A. Clarke Sandra Silberstein 233
19 Teaching the Information Gathering Skills&Ronald Mackay 248
Section Eight WRITING 257
20 Approaches to Writing&Ronald Y. White 259
21 Writing:The Process of Discovering Meaning&Vivian Zamel 267
Section Nine GRAMMAR 279
22 Grammatical Explanations in ESL:Teach the Student,Not the Method&Miriam R.Eisenstein 282
23 Introducing the Perfect:An Exercise in Pedagogic Grammar&Jack C. Richards 293
24 Teaching the Passive&Ronald V. White 298
Section Ten VOCABULARY 305
25 On Acquiring an Adequate Second Language Vocabulary&Len Fox 307
26 Vocabulary in Context&Anna Fisher Kruse 312
27 Word Frequency and the Importance of Context in Vocabulary Learning&John G. Honeyfleld 318
Section Eleven TEACHER-STUDENT INTERACTION 325
28 The Investigation of Language Classroom Processes&Stephen J. Gaies 329
29 Native Speaker/Non-Native Speaker Conversation in the Second Language Classroom&Michael H. Long 339
30 Error Correction in Foreign Language Teaching:Recent Theory,Research and Practice&James M. Hendrickson 355
Section Twelve TESTING 371
31 Communicative Testing in a Second Language&Marjorie Bingham Wesche 373
32 Language Proficiency Interview Testing:An Overview&David J. Keitges 395
33 Cloze Testing:An Overview&Frances Butler Hinofotis 412
Index 419