Chapter 1 Introduction 1
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY 1
HISTORY OF IMMUNOLOGY 10
STUDY QUESTIONS 13
SUGGESTED READINGS 13
Chapter 2 Antigen 14
DEFINITION 14
EPITOPES 14
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIGENS BASED ON IMMUN RESPONSE 15
DETERMINANTS OF IMMUNOGENICITY 15
ANTIGEN RECEPTORS 16
ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITY 17
STUDY QUESTIONS 18
SUGGESTED READINGS 18
Chapter 3 Antigen Recognition Molecules 19
ANTIBODIES-IMMUNOGLOBULINS 20
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX 25
STUDY QUESTIONS 28
SUGGESTED READINGS 28
Chapter 4 The Complement System 29
COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION 29
REGULATION OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM 31
BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION 32
DEFECTS IN THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM 34
STUDY QUESTIONS 34
SUGGESTED READINGS 35
Chapter 5 Organs and Tissues of the Immune System 36
LYMPHOID ORGANS 36
STUDY QUESTIONS 39
SUGGESTED READINGS 39
Chapter 6 Immune Cells 41
LYMPHOCYTES 41
PHAGOCYTIC CELLS 47
DENDRITIC CELLS 48
STUDY QUESTIONS 48
SUGGESTED READINGS 48
Chapter 7 Immune Response 49
ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION 49
ACTIVATION OF HELPER T LYMPHOCYTES 51
HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE(HUMORAL IMMUNITY) 55
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESPONSE 58
FACTORS INFLUENCING ANTIBODY PRODUCTION 59
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE(CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY) 60
CYTOKINES 64
THEORIES OF IMMUNE RESPONSE 71
STUDY QUESTIONS 73
SUGGESTED READINGS 75
Chapter 8 Immunological Tolerance 76
CENTRAL T CELL TOLERANCE TO SELF-ANTIGENS 76
PERIPHERAL T CELL TOLERANCE TO SELF-ANTIGENS 77
B CELL TOLERANCE TO SELF-ANTIGENS 78
ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED TOLERANCE IN VIVO 79
STUDY QUESTIONS 80
SUGGESTED READINGS 80
Chapter 9 Hypersensitivity 81
DEFINITION 81
GELL AND COOMBS CLASSIFICATION 81
IMMEDIATE TYPE I HYPERSENSITIVITY 81
TYPE Ⅱ HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION(ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CYTOTOXICITY) 89
TYPE Ⅲ HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION(IMMUNE COMPLEX-MEDIATED) 93
TYPE Ⅳ CELL-MEDIATED (DELAYED)HYPERSENSITIVITY 96
STUDY QUESTIONS 101
SUGGESTED READINGS 101
Chapter 10 Autoimmuni 102
PROBABLE MECHANISMS OF AUTOIMMUNITY 102
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 107
STUDY QUESTIONS 109
SUGGESTED READINGS 110
Chapter 11 Immunodeficiency Disorders 111
PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES 111
SECONDARY(ACQUIRED)IMMUNODEFICIENCIES 117
STUDY QUESTIONS 125
SUGGESTED READINGS 125
Chapter 12 Tumor Immunology 126
CANCER:ORIGIN 126
TUMOR ANTIGENS 129
CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY 134
STUDY QUESTIONS 136
SUGGESTED READINGS 137
Chapter 13 Transplantation Immunology 138
GRAFT REJECTION 138
FACTORS FAVORINGALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL 140
MECHANISM INVOLVED IN GRAFT REJECTION 142
TEMPO OF REJECTION 145
STUDY QUESTIONS 147
SUGGESTED READINGS 147
Chapter 14 Immunological Techniques 149
STAGES OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY INTERACTIONS 149
MEASUREMENT OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY 149
PRECIPITATIONREACTIONS 149
AGGLUTINATION REACTION 154
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND HYBRIDOMA TECHNIQUE 167
STUDY QUESTIONS 170
SUGGESTED READINGS 171
Chapter 15 Immunoprophylaxis ＆ Immunotherapy 172
IMMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS 172
IMMUNOTHERAPY 179
STUDY QUESTIONS 183
SUGGESTED READINGS 183
Chapter 16 Immunity in Viral,Bacterial,Fungal,and Parasitic Infections 184
IMMUNITY IN VIRALINFECTIONS 184
IMMUNITY IN BACTERIAL INFECTIONS 188
IMMUNITY IN FUNGAL INFECTIONS 197
IMMUNITY IN PARASITIC INFECTIONS 198
STUDY QUESTIONS 204
SUGGESTED READINGS 204