Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 English C＆M Nouns in a Nutshell 4
1.2 Perspectives in C＆M Distinctions：English vs.Chinese 7
1.3 Perspectives in English C＆M Nouns：Inherent and Dynamic 9
1.4 Effect of Acquired C＆M Knowledge on Perspective-taking in Construing Real-world Entities 11
Chapter 2 Empirical and Theoretical Studies of English C＆M Nouns 16
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Empirical Evidence of L2-English C＆M Learning 17
2.3 Theoretical Accounts of C＆M Nouns 29
2.4 A Critique of the Theoretical Account of C＆M Distinctions 37
2.5 Summary 41
Chapter 3 English C＆M Distinctions：The Perspective Account 43
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Basic Notions of the Cognitive Linguistics 44
3.3 Defining Perspective 48
3.4 Perspectives in C＆M Distinctions：A Tripartite Framework 51
3.5 Classifying English C＆M Nouns：Inherent Perspectives 66
3.6 Classifying English C-M Mutual Conversions：Dynamic Perspectives 69
3.7 Perspective Encoded in Chinese C＆M Distinctions 79
3.8 Perspectives Involved in C＆M Distinctions：A Cross-linguistic Comparison 85
3.9 Summary 88
Chapter 4 Constraints on L2 Acquisition of English Nouns 90
4.1 Introduction 90
4.2 Constraints on L2 Acquisition of English C＆M Nouns 91
4.3 Constructing an L2 Acquisitional Trajectory of English C＆M Nouns 97
4.4 Constraints on L2 Acquisition of English C-M Mutual Conversions 99
4.5 Operationalizing Perspective Shifting in C＆M Learning 107
4.6 Issues Being Addressed in This Book 110
4.7 Variables Being Investigated in This Book 113
4.8 Summary 114
Chapter 5 Perspective Shifting in L2 Learners：Empirical Studies 116
5.1 Introduction 116
5.2 Preliminaries for Target Word Selection 118
5.3 Study 1：Inherent C-M Perspective in L2 Learners 120
5.4 Study 2：Dynamic C-M Perspective in L2 Learners 137
5.5 Study 3：C-M Knowledge and Perspective in Entity Construal 161
5.6 Summary 172
Chapter 6 Concluding Words 173
6.1 Introduction 173
6.2 Characterizing English C＆M Distinctions in L2 Production 173
6.3 A Unified Account of C＆M Learning：Perspective as Mechanism and Outcome 195
6.4 Major Findings 199
6.5 Implications 203
References 209
Appendix A 223
Appendix B 225
Appendix C 230
Appendix D 239
Appendix E 244
Appendix F 246