Preface xiPART Ⅰ FOUNDATIONS FOR SSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 2
Chapter 1 The Systems Development Environment 2
What Is Information Systems Analysis and Design? 4
Systems Analysis and Design:Core Concepts 4
Systems 6
Definition of a System and Its Parts. 6
Important System Concepts 7
A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design 10
Your Role in Systems Development 11
Types of Information Systems and Systems Development 12
Transaction Processing Systems 13
Management Information Systems 13
Decision Support Systems 14
Information Systems:An Overview 14
Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle 15
Phase 1:Systems Planning and Selection 17
Phase 2:Systems Analysis 17
Phase 3:Systems Design 18
Phase 4:Systems Implementation and Operation 18
Approaches to Development 20
Prototyping 21
Computer-Assisted Software Engineering(CASE)Tools 21
Joint Application Design 22
Rapid Application Development 22
Participatory Design 23
Agile Methodologies 24
Key Points Review 24
Key Terms Checkpoint 25
Review Questions 26
Problems and Exercises 27
Discussion Questions 27
Case Problems 27
Chapter 2 The Sources of Software 30
Introduction 31
Systems Acquisition 32
Outsourcing 32
Sources of Software 33
Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software 37
Reuse 41
Key Points Review 44
Key Terms Checkpoint 44
Review Questions 45
Problems and Exercises 45
Field Exercises 45
Chapter 3 Managing the Information Systems Project 46
Pine Valley Furniture Company Background 48
Managing the Information Systems Project 49
Initiating the Project 53
Planning the Project 57
Executing the Project 64
Closing Down the Project 67
Representing and Scheduling Project Plans 68
Representing Project Plans 70
Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT 70
Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture 71
Using Project Management Software 74
Establishing a Project Starting Date 75
Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships 75
Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports 76
Key Points Review 77
Key Terms Checkpoint 78
Review Questions 79
Problems and Exercises 79
Discussion Questions 81
Case Problems 82
Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Company Background 84
PART Ⅱ SYSTEMS PLANNING AND SELECTION 92
Chapter 4 Systems Planning and Selection 92
Identifying and Selecting Projects 94
The Process of Identifying and Selecting Information Systems Development Projects 94
Deliverables and Outcomes 97
Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 98
The Process of Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects 98
Deliverables and Outcomes 99
Assessing Project Feasibility 100
Assessing Economic Feasibility 102
Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns 108
Building the Baseline Project Plan 109
Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan 115
PVF WebStore:Systems Planning and Selection 118
Internet Basics 118
Pine Valley Furniture WebStore 120
Key Points Review 123
Key Terms Checkpoint 124
Review Questions 125
Problems and Exercises 126
Discussion Questions 127
Case Problems 127
Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Initiating and Planning a Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 129
PART Ⅲ SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 134
Chapter 5 Determining System Requirements 134
Performing Requirements Determination 136
The Process of Determining Requirements 136
Deliverables and Outcomes 137
Requirements Structuring 138
Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements 138
Interviewing and Listening 138
Directly Observing Users 143
Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents 144
Modern Methods for Determining System Requirements 147
Joint Application Design 148
Using Prototyping During Requirements Determination 151
Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements 152
Identifying Processes to Reengineer 153
Disruptive Technologies 154
PVF WebStore:Determining System Requirements 155
System Layout and Navigation Characteristics 155
WebStore and Site Management System Capabilities 156
Customer and Inventory Information 157
System Prototype Evolution 157
Key Points Review 158
Key Terms Checkpoint 159
Review Questions 160
Problems and Exercises 160
Discussion Questions 160
Case Problems 161
Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Determining Requirements for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 162
Chapter 6 Structuring System Requirements:Process Modeling 166
Process Modeling 168
Modeling a System's Process 168
Deliverables and Outcomes 168
Data-Flow Diagramming Mechanics 169
Definitions and Symbols 170
Developing DFDs:An Example 172
Data-Flow Diagramming Rules 175
Decomposition of DFDs 176
Balancing DFDs 178
Using Data-Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process 180
Guidelines for Drawing DFDs 180
Using DFDs as Analysis Tools 182
Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering 183
Logic Modeling 185
Modeling Logic with Decision Tables 186
PVF WebStore:Process Modeling 189
Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 189
Key Points Review 191
Key Terms Checkpoint 192
Review Questions 193
Problems and Exercises 193
Discussion Questions 198
Case Problems 198
Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Process Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 200
Chapter 7 Structuring System Requirements:Conceptual Data Modeling 204
Conceptual Data Modeling 206
The Process of Conceptual Data Modeling 207
Deliverables and Outcomes 207
Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling 211
Introduction to Entity-Relationship Modeling 213
Entities 213
Attributes 215
Candidate Keys and Identifiers 215
Multivalued Attributes 216
Relationships 217
Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model 217
Degree of a Relationship 218
Cardinalities in Relationships 219
An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger 222
PVF WebStore:Conceptual Data Modeling 225
Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 225
Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy 229
The Process of Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy 229
Generating Alternative Design Strategies 230
Developing Design Strategies for Hoosier Burger's New Inventory Control System 232
Selecting the Most Likely Alternative 234
Key Points Review 236
Key Terms Checkpoint 237
Review Questions 238
Problems and Exercises 238
Discussion Questions 241
Case Problems 241
Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Conceptual Data Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System 245
PART Ⅳ SYSTEMS DESIGN 248
Chapter 8 Designing the Human Interface 248
Designing Forms and Reports 250
The Process of Designing Forms and Reports 250
Deliverables and Outcomes 253
Formatting Forms and Reports 254
Designing Interfaces and Dialogues 262
The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues 262
Deliverables and Outcomes 262
Designing Interfaces 263
Designing Dialogues 273
PVF WebStore:Designing the Human Interface 277
General Guidelines for Designing Web Interfaces 277
General Guidelines for Web Layouts 278
Designing the Human Interface at Pine Valley Furniture 279
Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs 280
Lightweight Graphics 280
Forms and Data Integrity 281
Template-Based HTML 281
Key Points Review 281
Key Terms Checkpoint 282
Review Questions 283
Problems and Exercises 283
Discussion Questions 284
Case Problems 284
Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Designing the Human Interface for the Customer Relationship Management System 286
Chapter 9 Designing Databases 290
Database Design 292
The Process of Database Design 292
Deliverables and Outcomes 294
Relational Database Model 297
Well-Structured Relations 298
Normalization 299
Rules of Normalization 299
Functional Dependence and Primary Keys 300
Second Normal Form 300
Third Normal Form 301
Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations 302
Represent Entities 303
Represent Relationships 304
Summary of Transforming E-R Diagrams to Relations 306
Merging Relations 307
An Example of Merging Relations 307
View Integration Problems 308
Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 309
Physical File and Database Design 311
Designing Fields 312
Choosing Data Types 312
Controlling Data Integrity 314
Designing Physical Tables 315
Arranging Table Rows 317
Designing Controls for Files 321
Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 323
PVF WebStore:Designing Databases 325
Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 325
Key Points Review 327
Key Terms Checkpoint 329
Review Questions 330
Problems and Exercises 331
Discussion Questions 332
Case Problems 333
Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Designing the Relational Database for the Customer Relationship Management System 334
PART Ⅴ SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION 336
Chapter 10 Systems Implementation and Operation 336
Systems Implementation and Operation 338
The Processes of Coding,Testing,and Installation 339
Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding,Testing,and Installation 339
The Processes of Documenting the System,Training Users,and Supporting Users 340
Deliverables and Outcomes from Documenting the System,Training Users,and Supporting Users 340
The Process of Maintaining Information Systems 341
Deliverables and Outcomes from Maintaining Information Systems 342
Software Application Testing 343
Seven Different Types of Tests 343
The Testing Process 345
Acceptance Testing by Users 347
Installation 348
Planning Installation 348
Documenting the System 351
User Documentation 352
Preparing User Documentation 354
Training and Supporting Users 354
Training Information System Users 354
Supporting Information System Users 356
Support Issues for the Analyst to Consider 358
Why Implementation Sometimes Fails 359
Project Closedown 360
Conducting Systems Maintenance 361
Types of Maintenance 361
The Cost of Maintenance 362
Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness 363
Controlling Maintenance Requests 364
Configuration Management 365
Role of Automated Development Tools in Maintenance 366
Web Site Maintenance 366
Maintaining an Information System at Pine Valley Furniture 367
PVF WebStore:Systems Implementation and Operation 369
Systems Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 369
Key Points Review 371
Key Terms Checkpoint 373
Review Questions 374
Problems and Exercises 375
Discussion Questions 375
Case Problems 376
Case:Broadway Entertainment Company,Inc.Designing a Testing Plan for the Customer Relationship Management System 377
Appendix A Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 380
The Object-Oriented Modeling Approach 380
Use-Case Modeling 381
Object Modeling:Class Diagrams 384
Representing Associations 385
Representing Generalization 387
Representing Aggregation 389
Dynamic Modeling:State Diagrams 390
Dynamic Modeling:Sequence Diagrams 391
Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram 393
Moving to Design 394
Key Points Review 395
Key Terms Checkpoint 396
Review Questions 397
Problems and Exercises 397
Appendix B Agile Methodologies 399
The Trend to Agile Methodologies 399
Agile Methodologies 400
eXtreme Programming 402
The Heart of the Systems Development Process 403
Requirements Determination 404
Design Specifications 407
Implementation 409
Key Points Review 409
Key Terms Checkpoint 410
Review Questions 410
Problems and Exercises 410
References 411
Glossary of Acronyms 416
Glossary of Terms 418
Index 423
Photo Credits 433