PART ONE DICTI0N 1
1．Appropriateness 1
1.1 Popular and Learned Words 2
1.2 Colloquialisms 3
1.3 Slang 3
1.4 Consistency 4
1.5 Gcneral and Specific Words 5
1.6 Concrete and Abstract Words 7
2．Imagery 11
2.1 Simile 11
2.2 Metaphor 11
2.3 Personification 12
3．Exactitude 13
3.1 Denotation and Connotation 13
3.2 Euphemism 14
3.3 Idioms 15
3.4 Collocations 15
3.5 Vagueness,Jargon and Triteness 16
4．Using a Dictionary 21
4.1 How to Usea Dictionary Effectively 21
4.2 Dictionaries Intended for Chinese Learners of English 23
PART TWO THE SENTENCE 26
5．Types of Sentence 26
5.1 The Standard Sentence 26
5.2 The Balanced Sentencé 33
5.3 The Periodic,Loose Sentences 33
6．Effective Sentences 39
6.1 Revising Sentences for Clarity 40
6.2 Revising Sentences for Emphasis 45
6.3 Revising Sentences for Economy 49
6.4 Revising Sentences for Variety 51
7．Ineffective Sentences 58
7.1 Sentence Fragment and Period Fault 59
7.2 Run-on Sentence 61
7.3 Comma Splice 61
7.4 Fused sentence 62
7.5 Faulty Parallelisms 62
PART THREE THE PARAGRAPH 66
8．The Concept of an English Paragraph 66
8.1 Unity 66
8.2 Coherence 67
8.3 The Topic Sentence 68
8.4 Transitions 69
8.5 The Paragraph Outline 72
9．Paragraph Development 76
9.1 Paragraph Development by Listing 76
9.2 Paragraph Development by Examples 78
9.3 Paragraph Development by Comparison and Contrast 80
9.4 Paragraph Development by Defination 84
9.5 Paragraph Development by Classification 86
9.6 Paragraph Development by Space 88
9.7 Paragraph Development by Time 90
9.8 Paragraph Development by Process-description 91
9.9 Paragraph Development by Cause and Effect 92
9.10 Paragraph Development by Generalisation 94
PART FOUR THE COMPOSITION 109
10．Steps in Writing a Composition 109
10.1 Planning a Composition 109
10.2 Types of Outline 112
10.3 Writing the First Draft 116
10.4 Revising the First Draft 117
10.5 Making the Final Copy 119
11．Organization 125
11.1 Common Patterns of Organization 126
11.2 The Beginning 127
11.3 2The End 130
12．Types of Writing 132
12.1 Narration 132
12.2 Description 137
12.3 Exposition 145
12.4 Argumentation 149
PART FIVE LETTERS 154
13．Letter Form 154
13.1 The Informal Letter 154
13.2 The Business Letter 157
13.3 The Writing of an Envelope 169
13.4 The Formal Invitations 170
14．Essential Qualities of a Letter 171
14.1 The Content 171
14.2 The Language 172
15．Types of Letters 177
15.1 Personal Letters 177
15.2 Social Letters 182
15.3 Formal Letters 184
15.4 Business Letters 191
PART SIX PRACTICAL WRITING 202
16．Keeping a Diary 202
17．Note-taking 204
18．Resume'(Data Sheet) 208
19．Letters for Other Occasions 211
19.1 Announcements 211
19.2 Invitations 213
19.3 Notes and Memos 217
19.4 Notice and Poster 222
20．Report-writing 223
20.1 Reading Report 224
20.2 Periodic Report 227
20.3 Progress Report 229
20.4 Laboratory Report 229
PART SEVEN GRAMMAR SKlLLS 232
21．Principal Parts of Verbs 232
22．Tense Forms 236
23.Case 240
24．Agreement(Subject-Verb) 246
25．Agreement(Pronoun-Antecedent) 254
26．Faulty Complement 259
27．Punctuation 263
APPENDIX 278
Ⅰ．Rules for Capitalization 278
Ⅱ．Correction Symbols 285