Chapter 1 Molecular Compositions of Proteins 1
1.1 Molecular Compositions of Proteins 2
1.2 Protein Structure 6
1.3 Protein Structure and Function 9
1.4 Protein Physicochemical Properties 12
1.5 Classification of Proteins 13
Chapter 2 Nucleic Acids 15
2.1 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 16
2.2 Spatial Structure and Function of DNA 18
2.3 Spatial Structure and Function of RNA 20
2.4 Physicochemical Properties of Nucleic Acids 22
Chapter 3 Enzymes 24
3.1 Structures and Properties of Enzymes 24
3.2 Enzymatic Kinetics 26
3.3 Regulation of Enzymes 30
3.4 Medical Aspects of Enzymes 31
Chapter 4 Metabolism of Carbohydrates 34
4.1 Overview 35
4.2 Glycolysis and Anaerobic Oxidation of Glucose 36
4.3 Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose 39
4.4 Pentose Phosphate Pathway 42
4.5 Gluconeogenesis 44
4.6 Glycogen Catabolism 46
Chapter 5 Lipid Metabolism 50
5.1 Overview 51
5.2 Triglyceride Metabolism 51
5.3 Phospholipid Metabolism 58
5.4 Cholesterol Metabolism 59
5.5 Lipid Transportation in Plasma 63
Chapter 6 Biological Oxidation 66
6.1 Electron Carriers and Electron Transport Chain 67
6.2 Oxidative Phosphorylation 70
6.3 Shuttle Systems 73
6.4 Mitochondrial Diseases 74
Chapter 7 Amino Acid Metabolism 76
7.1 Requirement of Protein/Amino Acids 77
7.2 Protein Digestion,Absorption and Putrefaction 78
7.3 Amino Acid Metabolic Pool 79
7.4 General Pathways of Amino Acid Catabolism 80
7.5 Metabolism of Individual Amino Acids 85
Chapter 8 Metabolism of Nucleotides 89
8.1 Metabolism of Purine Nucleotides 90
8.2 Metabolism of Pyrimidine Nucleotides 94
8.3 Conversion of Nucleotides 96
8.4 Nucleotide Metabolism Related to Medicine 97
Chapter 9 Regulation and Integration of Metabolism 100
9.1 Characteristics ofMetabolism 100
9.2 Interconversion of Metabolic Pathways 101
9.3 Regulation of Metabolisms 103
Chapter 10 DNA Biosynthesis 110
10.1 DNA-dependent DNA Synthesis(Replication) 111
10.2 RNA-dependent DNA Synthesis(Reverse Transcription) 117
10.3 DNA Damage and Repair 117
Chapter 11 RNA Biosynthesis 121
11.1 RNA Biosynthesis(Transcription) 122
11.2 RA Post-transcriptional Processing 131
Chapter 12 Protein Biosynthesis,Sorting and Targeting 137
12.1 Protein Synthesis System 138
12.2 Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes 141
12.3 Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes 143
12.4 Protein Sorting and Targeting 145
12.5 Clinical Relevancies of Protein Synthesis 147
Chapter 13 Biochemistry of Blood 150
13.1 Composition and Functions of the Blood 151
13.2 Plasma Proteins 152
13.3 Blood Cell Metabolism 154
Chapter 14 Biochemistry of the Liver 160
14.1 Metabolic Roles of the Liver 161
14.2 Biotransformation in the Liver 162
14.3 Metabolism of Bile Acids 164
14.4 Bile Pigment Metabolism 166