PART 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1 Usability of Interactive Systems 3
CHAPTER 2 Guidelines,Principles,andTheories 55
PART 2 DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES 95
CHAPTER 3 Managing Design Processes 97
CHAPTER 4 Evaluating Interface Designs 131
PART 3 INTERACTION STYLES 171
CHAPTER 5 Direct Manipulation andVirtual Environments 173
CHAPTER 6 Menu Selection,Form Fill-in,and Dialog Boxes 225
CHAPTER 7 Command and Natural Languages 271
CHAPTER 8 Interaction Devices 303
CHAPTER 9 Collaboration and Social Media Participation 359
PART 4 DESIGN ISSUES 403
CHAPTER 10 Quality of Service 405
CHAPTER 11 Balancing Function and Fashion 433
CHAPTER 12 User Documentation and Online Help 477
CHAPTER 13 Information Search 513
CHAPTER 14 Information Visualization 537
Afterword Societal and Individual Impact of User Interfaces 563
Name index 581
Subject index 591
Acknowledgments 603
About the Authors 606
PART 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1 Usability of Interactive Systems 3
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Usability Goals and Measures 13
1.3 Usability Motivations 15
1.4 Universal Usability 22
1.5 Goals for Our Profession 37
CHAPTER 2 Guidelines,Principles,and Theories 55
2.1 Introduction 56
2.2 Guidelines 57
2.3 Principles 62
2.4 Theories 79
PART 2 DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES 95
CHAPTER 3 Managing Design Processes 97
3.1 Introduction 98
3.2 Organizational Design to Support Usability 99
3.3 The Four Pillars of Design 102
3.4 Development Methodologies 108
3.5 Ethnographic Observation 111
3.6 Participatory Design 114
3.7 Scenario Development 116
3.8 Social Impact Statement for Early Design Review 119
3.9 Legal Issues 122
CHAPTER 4 Evaluating Interface Designs 131
4.1 Introduction 132
4.2 Expert Reviews 134
4.3 Usability Testing and Laboratories 138
4.4 Survey Instruments 149
4.5 AcceptanceTests 154
4.6 Evaluation During Active Use 156
4.7 Controlled Psychologically Oriented Experiments 162
PART 3 INTERACTION STYLES 171
CHAPTER 5 Direct Manipulation and Virtual Environments 173
5.1 Introduction 174
5.2 Examples of Direct Manipulation 175
5.3 Discussion of Direct Manipulation 193
5.4 3D Interfaces 200
5.5 Teleoperation 205
5.6 Virtual and Augmented Reality 209
CHAPTER 6 Menu Selection,Form Fill-in,and Dialog Boxes 225
6.1 Introduction 226
6.2 Task-Related Menu Organization 227
6.3 Single Menus 228
6.4 Combinations of Multiple Menus 236
6.5 Content Organization 244
6.6 Fast Movement through Menus 250
6.7 Data Entry with Menus:Form Fill-in,Dialog Boxes,and Alternatives 251
6.8 Audio Menus and Menus for Small Displays 259
CHAPTER 7 Command and Natural Languages 271
7.1 Introduction 272
7.2 Command-Organization Functionality,Strategies,and Structure 276
7.3 Naming and Abbreviations 281
7.4 Natural Language in Computing 286
CHAPTER 8 Interaction Devices 303
8.1 Introduction 304
8.2 Keyboards and Keypads 305
8.3 Pointing Devices 311
8.4 Speech and Auditory Interfaces 331
8.5 Displays-Small and Large 341
CHAPTER 9 Collaboration and Social Media Participation 359
9.1 Introduction 360
9.2 Goals of Collaboration and Participation 363
9.3 Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces:Different Place,Different Time 368
9.4 Synchronous Distributed Interfaces:Different Place,Same Time 383
9.5 Face-to-Face Interfaces:Same Place,Same Time 389
PART 4 DESIGN ISSUES 403
CHAPTER 10 Quality of Service 405
10.1 Introduction 406
10.2 Models of Response-Time Impacts 407
10.3 Expectations and Attitudes 416
10.4 User Productivity 420
10.5 Variability in Response Time 422
10.6 Frustrating Experiences 423
CHAPTER 11 Balancing Function and Fashion 433
11.1 Introduction 434
11.2 Error Messages 435
11.3 Nonanthropomorphic Design 440
11.4 Display Design 445
11.5 Web Page Design 451
11.6 Window Design 456
11.7 Color 465
CHAPTER 12 User Documentation and Online Help 477
12.1 Introduction 478
12.2 Online Versus Paper Documentation 480
12.3 Reading from Paper Versus from Displays 483
12.4 Shaping the Content of the Documentation 486
12.5 Accessing the Documentation 491
12.6 Online Tutorials and Animated Demonstrations 499
12.7 Online Communities for User Assistance 504
12.8 The Development Process 506
CHAPTER 13 Information Search 513
13.1 Introduction 514
13.2 Searching in Textual Documents and Database Querying 517
13.3 Multimedia Document Searches 525
13.4 Advanced Filtering and Search Interfaces 527
CHAPTER 14 Information Visualization 537
14.1 Introduction 538
14.2 DataType by Task Taxonomy 539
14.3 Challenges for Information Visualization 554
Afterword Societal and Individual Impact of User Interfaces 563
A.1 Future Interfaces 564
A.2 Ten Plagues of the Information Age 569
A.3 Continuing Controversies 573
Name index 581
Subject index 591
Acknowledgments 603
About the Authors 606