Part 1 Word and Sentence Level 1
Chapter 1 Capitalization 2
1.1 General Rule 2
1.2 Specific Rules 2
EXERCISE 4
Chapter 2 Compound Words 6
2.1 Types of compounds 6
2.2 Plurals and Possessives 6
2.3 Stress with compounds 7
EXERCISE 7
Chapter 3 Modifier Placement 9
3.1 Misplaced Modifiers 9
3.2 Dangling Modifiers 10
EXERCISES 11
Chapter 4 Parallel Form 13
4.1 What is a parallel form? 13
4.2 Repetition of Key Words 13
4.3 Faulty Parallel Structure 14
4.4 Variation in a Series 15
EXERCISES 16
Chapter 5 Sentence Fragment 18
5.1 Minor Sentence 18
5.2 Sentence fragment 18
5.3 Fragment Mending 20
EXERCISE 20
Chapter 6 Run-on Sentence and Comma splice 22
6.1 Run-ons 22
6.2 Comma Splice 22
6.3 Correcting 23
EXERCISE 24
Chapter 7 Sentence Combining Ⅰ 26
7.1 Compound Sentence 26
7.2 Complex Sentence 27
7.3 Complex-compound sentence 27
7.4 Sentence Combining 28
EXERCISE 28
Chapter 8 Sentence Combining Ⅱ 31
8.1 Conjunctions 31
8.2 Coordination 31
8.3 Subordination 32
8.4 Appositives 33
8.5 Evaluating Sentence Combinations 33
EXERCISE 34
Chapter 9 Sentence Variety 36
9.1 Sentence Length 36
9.2 Sentence Openings 37
EXERCISE 38
Part 2 Paragraph Level 41
Chapter 1 Opening Paragraph 42
1.1 Anecdote 43
1.2 Declarative 43
1.3 Surprisings tatement 44
1.4 Quotation 45
1.5 Question 45
EXERCISE 46
Chapter 2 Topic Sentences and Paragraph Development 48
EXERCISE 49
Chapter 3 Unity 52
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 How to Write a Unified Paragraph 53
3.3 Outlining 53
EXERCISE 54
Chapter 4 Coherence and Transition 57
4.1 Transition 57
4.2 Repetition 60
4.3 Parallel Structure 61
EXERCISE 61
Part 3 Patterns of Organization 63
Chapter 1 Narrative 64
1.1 Introduction 64
1.2 How to Write a Narrative 65
1.2.1 Decide upon a Theme 65
1.2.2 Select the Details 66
1.2.3 Organize the Narrative in an Appropriate Order 66
A Narrative-Foolish Love 67
Chapter 2 Description 69
What is Description? 69
2.1 Be Purposeful 70
2.2 Dominant Impression 70
2.3 Sensory Details 71
2.4 A Descriptive Essay 73
Chapter 3 Cause and Effect 75
3.1 Establish Your Focus 75
3.2 Order 75
3.3 Transition 76
EXERCISE 76
Questions 78
Chapter 4 Comparison and Contrast 79
4.1 General Rules 79
4.2 Organizing Patterns 80
EXERCISE 82
Chapter 5 Augmentation 85
5.1 What is Argument? 85
5.2 Thesis Statement 85
5.3 The Five-Paragraph Essay 86
5.4 Citing the Authorities 86
5.5 Using Personal Experience 87
5.6 Using Statistics 87
5.7 Using Facts 87
EXERCISE 88
Evaluating the Draft 89
Part 4 Writing for Practical Purpose:IELTS 91
Chapter 1 IELTS-A Goeral Introductcon 92
1.1 Introduction 92
1.2 Scoring Criteria 92
Chapter 2 Common Mistakes 94
2.1 Choppy Sentences 94
2.2 Stringy Sentences 94
2.3 Confusing Shift 95
EXERCISES 96
Chapter 3 Writing Task 1:Graph 99
3.1 Paragraphing 99
3.2 Scales 99
3.3 Introduction 99
3.4 Words 100
Chapter 4 Samples Analysis 103
3.1 BarChart-An Example 103
Task Analysis 103
Model Essay: 104
3.2 Table 104
Task Analysis 105
Model Description 105
3.3 Line Chart 106
Task Analysis 106
Model Description 106
3.4 Pie Chart 107
Task Analysis 107
Model Essay 107
3.5 Flow Chart 108
Task Analysis 109
Model Description 109
Chapter 5 Task 2:An Overview 112
5.1 Strategies for Writing Task 2 112
5.2 Four types 113
Chapter 6 Opinion-stating Mode 114
6.1 Structure and Content 114
A Model Essay 114
Sentence patterns&ll 6
EXERCISE 116
Chapter 7 Comparison Mode 118
Model Essay 118
EXERCISE 119
Chapter 8 Problem-solving Mode 120
Model Essay 120
EXERCISE 121
Works Cited 122