BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE句子结构 1
1 Clauses and sentences分句和句子 1
2 The noun group名词词组 5
3 The verb group动词词组 10
4 The imperative and‘let’祈使句和“let” 15
QUESTIONS疑问句 19
5 Questions 疑问句 19
6 ‘Wh’-questions“wh”－问句 24
7 Question tags:forms附加问句：形式 29
8 Question tags:uses附加问句：用法 33
9 Indirect questions间接疑问句 38
10 Short answers简短回答 41
NEGATIVES否定句 46
11 Sentences with‘not’带“not”的句子 46
12 Negative words否定词 50
NOUNS名词 54
13 Count nouns可数名词 54
14 Singular and plural单数与复数：singular,plural and collective nouns 58
15 Uncount nouns不可数名词 63
PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVES代词和所有格 67
16 Personal pronouns人称代词 67
17 Impersonal subject‘it’非人称代词“it” 71
18 Impersonal subject‘there’非人称主语“there” 75
19 Demonstrative pronouns指示代词：this,that,these,those,one, ones 79
20 Reflexive pronouns反身代词 83
21 Indefinite pronouns不定代词 88
22 Possession所有格 92
DETERMINERS限定词 96
23 Determiners限定词 96
24 Main uses of‘the’“the”的主要用法 100
25 Other uses of‘the’“the”的其他用法 103
26 ‘A’and‘an’“a”和“an” 108
27 All,most,no,none all、most、no、none 112
28 Both,either,neither both、either、neither 116
29 Quantity 1数量（1）：Much,little,many,few,more,less,fewer 120
30 Quantity 2数量（2）:Some,any,another,other,each,every 125
ADJECTIVES形容词 130
31 Position of adjectives形容词的位置 130
32 Order of adjectives形容词的顺序 134
33 Adjectives with‘to’-infinitive or‘that’-clauses形容词＋“to”- 不定式或“that”-分句 138
34 ‘-ing’and‘-ed’adjectives“-ing”和“-ed”形容词 142
COMPARISON比较级 147
35 Comparison:basic forms比较：基本形式 147
36 Comparison:uses比较：用法 151
37 Other ways of comparing其他比较方式 155
ADVERBIALS副词 160
38 Adverbials状语 160
39 Adverbials of manner方式状语 164
40 Adverbials of time时间状语 168
41 Frequency and probability频率和可能性 173
42 Adverbials of duration持续状语：already,yet,still 176
43 Adverbials of degree程度状语 180
PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS介词和短语动词 180
44 Place and direction地点和方位 185
45 Place-‘at’，‘in’，‘on’地点—“at”、“in”、“on” 188
46 Transport prepositions运输方式介词 192
47 Adjective+preposition形容词＋介词 195
48 Noun+preposition名词＋介词 199
49 Verb+preposition动词＋介词 203
50 Phrasal verbs短语动词 207
TRANSITIVITY:VERBS AND OBJECTS及物性：动词和宾语 207
51 Verbs and objects动词和宾语：transitive and intransitive verbs 211
52 Verbs with two objects带双宾语动词 215
53 Reflexive verbs反身动词 219
54 Reciprocal verbs互为动词 222
55 Ergative verbs作格动词 226
56 Common verb+noun patterns普通动词＋名词句型 230
TENSES时态 234
57 Auxiliary verbs助动词：be,have,do 234
58 The present tenses现在时 238
59 The past tenses过去时 242
60 The continuous tenses进行时 246
61 The perfect tenses完成时 250
62 Talking about the present谈及现在 254
63 Talking about the past谈及过去 258
64 ‘Will’and‘going to’“will”和“going to” 262
65 Present tenses for future表将来的现在时 266
CONDITIONALS AND HYPOTHETICAL SITUATIONS条件句和假设 266
66 Conditionals using‘if’“if”条件句 269
67 Conditional clauses using modals and‘unless’带情态动词和“unless”的条件句 273
68 ‘I wish’，‘if only’，‘…as if…’“I wish”、“if only”、“…as if…” 277
-ING CLAUSES AND INFINITIVES-ING分句和不定式 277
69 Verbs with‘-ing’clauses动词加“-ing”分句 281
70 Infinitives不定式 285
71 Verbs with‘to’-infinitive or‘-ing’clauses动词＋“to”-不定式或“-ing”分句 291
72 Verbs with other types of clauses带其他分句的动词 295
73 Link verbs系动词 299
REPORTED SPEECH转述语 303
74 Reporting the past转述过去 303
75 Reported questions转述问句 307
76 Reporting:‘that’-clauses转述：“that”-分句 311
77 Other report structures其他转述结构 316
THE PASSIVE VOICE被动语态 320
78 The passive voice被动语态 320
MODALS情态动词 324
79 Introduction to modals情态动词 324
80 Modals:negation and questions情态动词：否定和疑问 327
81 Possibility可能性：can,could,may,might 331
82 Probability and certainty可能性和确定性：cannot,can't,must,ought,should,will 335
83 Ability能力：can,could,be able to 339
84 Permission许可：can,could,may 343
85 Instructions and requests指示和请求：can,could,will,would 347
86 Suggestions建议：could,may,might,shall 351
87 Offers and invitations提议和邀请：can,could,shall,will,would 355
88 Wants and wishes希望和愿望：would like,would rather,wouldn't mind 359
89 Obligation and necessity 1义务和必要性（1）：have to,have got to,must,mustn't 363
90 Obligation and necessity 2义务和必要性（2）：need to,needn't，not have to 367
91 Mild obligation and advice委婉的要求或建议：should,ought,should/ought to have,hadbetter 371
RELATIVE CLAUSES AND PARTICIPLE CLAUSES关系分句和分词分句 371
92 Defining relative clauses限定性关系分句 375
93 Non-defining relative clauses非限定性分句 380
94 Participle clauses分词分句 384
95 Other ways of adding to a noun group名词词组的后加成分 387
OTHER KINDS OF CLAUSES其他类型分句 391
96 Time clauses时间分句 391
97 Purpose and reason clauses目的和原因分句 395
98 Result clauses结果分句 399
99 Contrast clauses对比分句 403
100 Manner clauses方式分句 406
101 Changing sentence focus改变句子焦点 409
102 Cohesion衔接：making connections in speech and writing 413
GLOSSARY OF GRAMMAR TERMS语法术语表 417
IRREGULAR VERBS OF ENGLISH英语不规则动词表 443