POETRY AS A WAY OF SAYING 1
Sonnet 73&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 5
1 DRAMATIC SITUATION 17
Foreword 17
"Out,Out-"&ROBERT FROST 18
Frankie and Johnny&ANONYMOUS 19
Jesse James&ANONYMOUS 20
Sir Patrick Spence&ANONYMOUS 23
The Demon Lover&ANONYMOUS 27
Mama and Daughter&LANGSTON HUGHES 29
The Echoing Green&WILLIAM BLAKE 30
Battle of the Bonhomme Richard and the Serapis&WALT WHITMAN 31
Danny Deever&RUDYARD KIPLING 35
Farewell to Barn and Stack and Tree&A.E.HOUSMAN 36
Ten Days Leave&W.D.SNODGRASS 37
Waking in the Blue&ROBERT LOWELL 39
Meeting at Night&ROBERT BROWNING 41
Parting at Morning&ROBERT BROWNING 41
The Workbox&THOMAS HARDY 42
The Fall of Rome&W.H.AUDEN 44
Channel Firing&THOMAS HARDY 45
Afterword 48
RHYTHM AND METER:1 49
Supplemental Poems 51
The Code&ROBERT FROST 51
The Three Ravens&ANONYMOUS 54
The Twa Corbies&ANONYMOUS 55
The Cameo&EDNA ST.VINCENT MILLAY 56
Ulysses&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON 57
Hell Gate&A.E.HOUSMAN 59
Proud Maisie&SIR WALTER SCOTT 62
La Belle Dame sans Merci&JOHN KEATS 63
The Haunted Oak&PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR 64
2 DESCRIPTION:IMAGES,MOODS,AND ATTITUDES 68
Foreword 68
Three Short Japanese poems 69
In a Station of the Metro&EZRA POUND 71
Red Wheelbarrow&WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS 73
Written in March&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 74
Pippa's Song&ROBERT BROWNING 76
Dust of Snow&ROBERT FROST 77
November Cotton Flower&JEAN TOOMER 78
Beloved,Let Us Once More Praise the Rain&CONRAD AIKEN 78
Two Voices in a Meadow&RICHARD WILBUR 79
Cavalry Crossing a Ford&WALT WHITMAN 81
Cuttings&THEODORE ROETHKE 82
Inversnaid&GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS 83
Spring&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 85
Winter&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 86
To Autumn&JOHN KEATS 87
Ode:Autumn&THOMAS HOOD 89
Composed upon Westminster Bridge&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 91
Preludes&T.S.ELIOT 91
Blow,Bugle,Blow&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON 94
"CHANNEL FIRING":A SECOND LOOK 95
RHYTHM AND METER:2 97
Supplemental Poems 98
from The Palace of Art&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON 98
The Main-Deep&JAMES STEPHENS 99
Pear Tree&H.D.(HILDA DOOLITTLE) 100
Heat&H.D.(HILDA DOOLITTLE) 101
The Sun Has Set&EMILY BRONT？ 101
You Know&JEAN GARRIGUE 102
The Woodspurge&DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI 102
The Geranium&THEODORE ROETHKE 103
Separation on the River Kiang&EZRA POUND 104
The River-Merchant's Wife:A Letter&EZRA POUND 104
Rocky Acres&ROBERT GRAVES 106
A Letter from the Caribbean&BARBARA HOWES 107
The Yew in the Churchyard&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON 108
Yew-Trees&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 109
Pray to What Earth Does This Sweet Cold Belong&HENRY DAVID THOREAU 111
3 TONE 112
Foreword 112
A．Three Poems of National Celebration 116
from On the Jubilee of Queen Victoria&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON 116
1887&A.E.HOUSMAN 117
Recessional&RUDYARD KIPLING 120
B．Death in Battle 123
Sormebody's Darling&MARIE RAVENEL DE LA COSTE 123
Inscription&HERMAN MELVILLE 125
Come UP from the Fields,Father&WALT WHITMAN 126
Dulce et Decorum Est&WILFRED OWEN 129
C．The Lovers Give Up the World 130
Let the Rest of the Worid Go By&J.KEIRN BRENNAN 130
Maesia's Song&ROBERT GREENE 131
The Canonization&JOHN DONNE 134
D．A Garland of Love Poems 138
Western Wind&ANONYMOUS 138
When Love Meets Love&THOMAS EDWARD BROWN 139
Fatima&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON 140
Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 141
If Thou Must Love Me&ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING 142
Lullaby&W.H.AUDEN 143
E．The Miser and the Spendthrift 145
from Don Juan&GEORGE GORDON,LORD BYRON 145
To a Young Heir&SAMUEL JOHNSON 147
Provide,Provide&ROBERT FROST 148
F．Against the Establishment 149
London&WILLIAM BLAKE 149
from Beppo&GEORGE GORDON,LORD BYRON 150
England in 1819&PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 151
An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum&STEPHEN SPENDER 152
Joe Hill&ALFRED HAYES 153
Sam Hall&ANONYMOUS 154
For the Union Dead&ROBERT LOWELL 155
Puzzled&LANGSTON HUGHES 158
Kitchenette Building&GWENDOLYN BROOKS 158
If We Must Die&CLAUDE MCKAY 159
A Supermarket in California&ALLEN GINSBERG 159
Afterword 161
RHYTHM AND METER:3 162
Supplemental Poems 164
G．Eve in the Garden 164
Eve&RALPH HODGSON 164
Eve&ARTHUR J.BULL 166
from Paradise Lost&JOHN MILTON 168
H．Modern War 170
A Utilitarian View of the Monitor's Fight&HERMAN MELVILLE 170
The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner&RANDALL JARRELL 171
The Fury of Aerial Bombardment&RICHARD EBERHART 172
Naming of Parts&HENRY REED 173
The Leg&KARL SHAPIRO 173
Ⅰ．Death and Mourning 175
After the Burial&JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL 175
A Refusal to Mourn the Death,by Fire,of a Child in London&DYLAN THOMAS 177
Luke Havergal&EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON 178
At the Slackening of the Tide&JAMES WRIGHT 179
Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter&JOHN CROWE RANSOM 180
Epitaph on Salomon Pavy&BEN JONSON 181
J．A Second Garland of Love Poems 183
Winter Remembered&JOHN CROWE RANSOM 183
La Figlia che Piange&T.S.ELIOT 184
A Litany&SIR PHILIP SIDNEY 185
Cynara&ERNEST DOWSON 187
I Knew aWoman&THEODORE ROETHKE 188
K．Four New England Poems 189
Mr.Flood's Party&EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON 189
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening&ROBERT FROST 191
Father&JOHN WHEELWRIGHT 192
Tell All the Truth&EMILY DICKINSON 193
RHYTHM AND METER:4 193
4 ANALOGICAL LANGUAGE:METAPHOR AND SYMBOL 196
Foreword 196
A．Atmosphere to Symbol 197
Mariana&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON 197
Anecdote of the Jar&WALLACE STEVENS 200
The Lamb&WILLIAM BLAKE 201
The Tiger&WILLIAM BLAKE 202
B．Image to Metaphor 203
Desert Places&ROBERT FROST 203
The Song of the Smoke&W.E.B.DUBOIS 207
The Windhover&GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS 208
The Goat Paths&JAMES STEPHENS 209
A city Shower&JONATHAN SWIFT 211
Go,Lovely Rose&EDMUND WALLER 213
Follow Thy Fair Sun,Unhappy Shadow&THOMAS CAMPION 215
Blame Not My Cheeks&THOMAS CAMPION 217
Mv Springs&SIDNEY LANIER 218
C．Image in the Discourse of a Poem 220
She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 220
The Definition of Love&ANDREW MARVELL 222
You're the Top&COLE PORTER 225
Cleopatra's Lament&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 228
Macbeth Thinks of Murdering the King&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 232
At Melville's Tomb&HART CRANE 233
D．Image as Summary 236
Sylvester's Dying Bed&LANGSTON HUGHES 236
Dark House&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON 237
Commemorative of a Naval Victory&HERMAN MELVILLE 238
A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning&JOHN DONNE 240
E．Combination and Variation 242
Tears,Idle Tears&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON 242
A Lecture upon the Shadow&JOHN DONNE 243
As I Walked Out One Evening&W.H.AUDEN 245
After Great Pain,a Formal Feeling Comes-&EMILY DICKINSON 247
Evening Song&SIDNEY LANIER 247
On the Founding of Liberia&MELVIN TOLSON 250
RHYTHM AND METER:5 251
Supplemental Poems 254
F．Love and Time 254
Sonnet 65&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 254
To His Coy Mistress&ANDREW MARVELL 255
Because I Could Not Stop for Death-&EMILY DICKINSON 256
Envoi&EZRA POUND 258
Empty Bed Blues&BESSIE SMITH 259
The Last Days of Alice&ALLEN TATE 260
Voyages&HART CRANE 261
Night&LOUISE BOGAN 263
The Goldfish Wife&SANDRA HOCHMAN 264
Love Calls Us to the Things of This World&RICHARD WILBUR 264
5 THEME,MEANING,AND DRAMATIC STRUCTURE 266
Foreword 266
A．Death and Renown 271
Death the Leveler&JAMES SHIRLEY 271
When I Have Fears&JOHN KEATS 272
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard&THOMAS GRAY 273
In Memory of W.B.Yeats&W.H.AUDEN 278
The Country Wedding&THOMAS HARDY 280
B．The Joys of the Simple Life 282
Under the Greenwood Tree&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 282
Art Thou Poor,Yet Hast Thou Golden Slumbers?&THOMAS DEKKER(?) 284
To the Four Courts,Please&JAMES STEPHENS 286
Two Songs from Sweeney Agonistes&T.S.ELIOT 287
C．The Breakup of a Civilization 290
The Unknown Citizen&W.H.AUDEN 290
Shine,Perishing Republic&ROBINSON JEFFERS 291
from Hugh Selwyn Mauberley&EZRA POUND 292
The Second Coming&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS 295
The Waste Land&T.S.ELIOT 297
Afterword 310
RHYTHM AND METER:6 312
Supplemental Poems 313
D．Man and Nature 313
After Apple-Picking&ROBERT FROST 313
The Miracle&WALTER DE LA MARE 314
The Force That Through the Green Fuse&DYLAN THOMAS 315
A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 316
The Eagle and the Mole&ELINOR WYLIE 316
Brahma&RALPH WALDO EMERSON 317
Kubla Khan&SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE 318
Ode on a Grecian Urn&JOHN KEATS 320
E．The False Lover or Indifferent Lover 322
Careless Love&ANONYMOUS 322
Ye Flowery Banks&ROBERT BURNS 323
When Lovely Woman Stoops to Folly&OLIVER GOLDSMITH 324
The Dark-Eyed Gentleman&THOMAS HARDY 324
My Silks and Fine Array&WILLIAM BLAKE 326
I Shall Go Back&EDNA ST.VINCENT MILLAY 327
Early Evening Quarrel&LANGSTON HUGHES 328
F．Belief(Including the Problems in Believing) 329
The Scoffers&WILLIAM BLAKE 329
If Poisonous Minerals&JOHN DONNE 330
Church Going&PHILIP LARKIN 331
Dover Beach&MATTHEW ARNOLD 333
Lycidas&JOHN MILTON 334
The Dav After Sunday&PHYLLIS MCGINLEY 339
6 APPLICATIONS:THE POET LOOKS AT A BIRD 341
Foreword 341
Hawk Roosting&TED HUGHES 342
Hurt Hawks&ROBINSON JEFFERS 343
The Owl&EDWARD THOMAS 344
The Darkling Thrush&THOMAS HARDY 345
Bantams in Pine-Woods&WALLACE STEVENS 347
Little Trotty Wagtail&JOHN CLARE 347
Philomela&MATTHEW ARNOLD 349
The Need of Being Versed in Country Things&ROBERT FROST 350
The Wild Swans at Coole&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS 351
Wild Swans&EDNA ST.VINCENT MILLAY 353
Sailing to Byzantium&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS 353
Ode to a Nightingale&JOHN KEATS 355
Afterword 359
Supplemental Poems 361
The Eagle&ALFRED,LORD TENNYSON 361
Gamecock&JAMES DICKEY 362
The Solitary Reaper&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 363
Lady Lost&JOHN CROWE RANSOM 365
Nightingales&ROBERT BRIDGES 366
No Swan So Fine&MARIANNE MOORE 367
7 POEMS FOR STUDY 369
A Grave&MARIANNE MOORE 369
Little Exercise&ELIZABETH BISHOP 370
The Snow-Storm&RALPH WALDO EMERSON 371
Snow-Flakes&HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW 372
The Season 'Tis,My Lovely Lambs&E.E.CUMMINGS 372
Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries&A.E.HOUSMAN 373
Ode to the Confederate Dead&ALLEN TATE 373
The Heron&VERNON WATKINS 376
The Gallows&EDWARD THOMAS 377
The Cottage Hospital&JOHN BETJEMAN 377
The Groundhog&RICHARD EBERHART 378
The Heavy Bear Who Goes with Me&DELMORE SCHWARTZ 379
Thou Art Indeed Just,Lord&GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS 380
Lucifer in Starlight&GEORGE MEREDITH 381
The Visitant&THEODORE ROETHKE 381
Piano&D.H.LAWRENCE 382
Losses&RANDALL JARRELL 382
Song for the Last Act&LOUISE BOGAN 383
The Soul Selects&EMILY DICKINSON 384
Love in Vain&ROBERT JOHNSON 384
I Shall Not Care&SARA TEASDALE 385
My Father Moved Through Dooms of Love&E.E.CUMMINGS 385
Frescoes for Mr.Rockefeller's City&ARCHIBALD MACLEISH 387
Grapes Making&L？ONIE ADAMS 393
The Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket&ROBERT LOWELL 394
The Last Ride Together&ROBERT BROWNING 397
The Going&THOMAS HARDY 400
O Black and Unknown Bards&JAMES WELDON JOHNSON 401
We Wear the Mask&PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR 402
Swing Low,Sweet Chariot&ANONYMOUS 403
I Know Moonrise&ANONYMOUS 403
Upon a Dying Lady&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS 403
8 REPRESENTATIVE POEMS OF OUR TIME 406
Hardweed Path Going&A.R.AMMONS 407
These Lacustrine Cities&JOHN ASHBERY 409
Sand Creek&CHARLES BALLARD 409
Poem for HalfWhite College Students&IMAMU AMIRI BARAKA(LEROI JONES) 410
from Eleven Addresses to the Lord&JOHN BERRYMAN 411
The Figures&ROBERT CREELEY 412
Bed Time&PETER DAVISON 413
Faces Seen Once&JAMES DICKEY 413
My Sad Self&ALLEN GINSBERG 415
Mothers&NIKKI GIOVANNI 417
For My Mother&LOUISE GL？CK 418
Christmas Eve in Whitneyville,1955&DONALD HALL 418
Those Winter Sundays&ROBERT HAYDEN 420
"More Light!More Light!"&ANTHONY HECHT 420
The Center of Attention&DANIEL HOFFMAN 421
The Curse&JOHN HOLLANDER 423
A Far Crv After a Close Call&RICHARD HOWARD 425
Graves at Eikhorn&RICHARD HUGO 426
Europe and America&DAVID IGNATOW 426
How You Get Born&ERICA JONG 427
Counting the Mad&DONALD JUSTICE 428
Getting the Mail&GALWAY KINNELL 428
Hard Rock Returns to PrisonÐERIDGE KNIGHT 429
I Think of Housman&JUDITH KROLL 430
The Testing-Tree&STANLEY KUNITZ 430
The Old Adam&DENISE LEVERTOV 433
The Open Sea&WILLIAM MEREDITH 434
Thistledown&JAMES MERRILL 434
The Widow&W.S.MERWIN 435
Earth and I Gave You Turquoise&N.SCOTT MOMADAY 436
I Saw Mv Darling&FREDERICK MORGAN 437
Long Island Springs&HOWARD MOSS 437
from Life on Earth&FRANK O'HARA 439
The Quiet Fog&MARGE PIERCY 440
Daddy&SYLVIA PLATH 441
The Feral Pioneers&ISHMAEL REED 443
Living in Sin&ADRIENNE RICH 443
Poem(I Lived in the First Century)&MURIAL RUKEYESER 444
Summer Words for a Sister Addict&SONIA SANCHEZ 445
from The Modes of Valleio Street&HUGH SEIDMAN 445
For My Lover,Returning to His Wife&ANNE SEXTON 447
Love Poem&LESLIE MARMON SILKO 449
Stumpfoot on 42nd Street&LOUIS SIMPSON 449
Mementos,1&W.D.SNODGRASS 450
All the Spirit Powers Went to Their Dancing Place&GARY SNYDER 451
In Time of Need&WILLIAM STAFFORD 452
from Elegy for My Father&MARK STRAND 452
How to Be Old&MAY SWENSON 454
The Lost Pilot&JAMES TATE 454
In the Churchyard&ELEANOR ROSS TAYLOR 456
The Gardner to His God&MONA VAN DUYN 456
In the Badlands&DAVID WAGONER 457
Placing a $2 Bet&DIANE WAKOSKI 458
A Far Cry from Africa&DEREK WALCOTT 459
Birth of Love&ROBERT PENN WARREN 460
The Minneapolis Poem&JAMES WRIGHT 461
APPENDIX A HOW POEMS COME ABOUT:INTENTION AND MEANING 464
I Hoed and Trenched and Weeded&A.E.HOUSMAN 470
The Woman at the Washington Zoo&RANDALL JARRELL 481
The Immortal Part&A.E.HOUSMAN 485
To an Athlete Dying Young&A.E.HOUSMAN 491
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud&WILLIAM WORDSWORTH 492
APPENDIX B METRICS 493
Foreword 493
Accentual-Syllabic Verse 495
Feet and Line Lengths:Terms Defined 497
RHETORICAL VARIATION 500
Substitution of Feet 501
Defective Feet 502
SIGNIFICANCE OF RHETORICAL VARIATION 503
SOME PRACTICAL NOTES ON SCANSION 504
Anapestic and Dactylic Meter 506
Why So Pale and Wan?&SIR JOHN SUCKLING 508
End-Line and Internal Pauses 510
Like as the Waves&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 513
To Heaven&BEN JONSON 513
Ah,Sunflower&WILLIAM BLAKE 514
After Long Silence&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS 515
Rose Aylmer&WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR 517
A Deep-Sworn Vow&WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS 519
QUANTITATIVE VARIATION AND FORCED PAUSES 520
Neutral Tones&THOMAS HARDY 521
Sound and Sense(from an Essay on Criticism)&ALEXANDER POPE 522
Rhyme 523
Stanza Forms 525
How Do I Love Thee?&ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING 526
On the Late Massacre in Piedmont&JOHN MILTON 526
To Daffodils&ROBERT HERRICK 528
The Blossom&JOHN DONNE 529
Villanelle of the Poet's Road&ERNEST DOWSON 531
Missing Dates&WILLIAM EMPSON 532
Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night&DYLAN THOMAS 533
Paysage Moralisé&W.H.AUDEN 533
Onomatopoeia and Related Effects 534
God's Grandeur&GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS 537
No More Be Grieved&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 540
The Expense of Spirit&WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 541
The Music of Verse 542
Voices&WALTER DE LA MARE 549
The Dream&THEODORE ROETHKE 550
All Day I Hear&JAMES JOYCE 552
Accentual or Stress Meter 553
Free Verse 560
There Was a Crimson Clash of War&STEPHEN CRANE 566
Chicago&CARL SANDBURG 566
Impressions,Number III&E.E.CUMMINGS 568
Poem(By the Road to the Contagious Hospital)&WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS 570
Overland to the Islands&DENISE LEVERTOV 572
Poetry&MARIANNE MOORE 572
Nine Birds&E.E.CUMMINGS 573
Afterword 575
APPENDIX C METAPHOR AND SYMBOL COMPARED AND CONTRASTED 577
APPENDIX D PARODIES 582
You Are Old,Father William&LEWIS CARROLL 584
The Old Man's Comforts&ROBERT SOUTHEY 585
The Last Ride Together&J.K.STEPHEN 585
Camerados&BAYARD TAYLOR 587
With Rue My Heart Is Laden&SAMUEL HOFFENSTEIN 589
With Rue My Heart Is Laden&A.E.HOUSMAN 589
Chard Whitlow&HENRY REED 589
Just a Smack at Auden&WILLIAM EMPSON 590
Squeal&LOUIS SIMPSON 592
The Dover Bitch&ANTHONY HECHT 593
Parody of Edgar Allan Poe,"Ulalume"&ALDOUS HUXLEY 546
Parody of Algernon Charles Swinburne,"Dolores"&A.C.HILTON 547
Phonetic parody of John Milton,"Ode on the Nativity"&I.A.RICHARDS 549
Index of Authors,Titles,and Terms 595